HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF DANCE

ABOUT DANCE
➢ Agnes de Mille (1963):
➢ “Before man can do anything, he must draw breath, he must move. Movement is the
source and condition of life.
➢ To dance is to be out yourself. Larger, more beautiful, more powerful.
➢ This is power, it is glory on earth, and it is yours for the taking.”

DANCE
➢ comes from the German word damson, which means “to stretch” or “to drag”.
➢ is an Art (art of body movement).
➢ it is considered as the mirror of the society.
➢ it is an activity which can take many forms and fill many different needs:
o recreation
o entertainment
o education
o therapy
o religion
➢ differs from athletic or other daily activities... because it focuses primarily on an aesthetic
or even entertaining activities.
➢ has been a major form of religious ritual and social expression within primitive cultures.
(RELIGION & CULTURE)
➢ used as way of expressing and reinforcing tribal unity and strength, as an approach for
courtship and mating. (TRADITION)
➢ as means of worship, communication, and therapeutic experience; use of dance was a
gesture in order to communicate. (EXPRESSION/COMMUNICATION & THERAPY)
➢ appease the forces of nature or give them new powers of their own, and to supplicate the
gods on all important occasion. (BELIEFS)

DANCE TEACHES THE IMPORTANCE OF MOVEMENT &

FITNESS:
1) Dancers learn to coordinate muscles to move through proper positions.
2) A great activity to pursue at almost any age.
3) It helps in assessing the body’s level of capacity, fitness, or health.

REASONS WHY PEOPLE DANCE:

➢ DANCE provides variety of functions throughout history due to its multidimensionality and
had been comparative differences in period and culture, but people still dance mainly for
four reasons:
o TO PLEASE THE GOD
o TO PLEASE OTHERS
o TO PLEASE THEMSELVES OR SELF- EXPRESSION
o TO BUILD COMMUNITY WITHIN AN ETHNIC GROUP OR SOCIAL INTERACTION

PREHISTORIC ERA
➢ It has been a major form of religious ritual and social expression within primitive culture.
➢ It was used as a way of expression and reinforcing tribal unity and strength.
 ➢ It is based on superstition and infused with magic. Shamans as lead dancers acted as physicians
and religious leaders and kept tribes healthy, prosperous, and safe.

ANCIENT EGYPT
➢ 3,300 BCE (First Dancing). It is believed that the first people to dance were the Egyptians.
➢ Archaeologists discovered paintings of dancing figures in rock shelters and caves.

ANCIENT CRETE
➢ The Cretan civilization (3000-4000 BC) was a cultural link in the ancient world between Egyptians
and Greeks.
➢ Cretans used dance to perfect their military training which.

ANCIENT GREECE
➢ Dance was not just for religious and military training but also a form of entertainment and display.
➢ Plato immensely gave importance to dance in education as stated in the Education on the Laws.
➢ He highlighted the two kinds of dance and music: the NOBLE (fine and honorable) and the IGNOBLE
(imitating what is mean or ugly).

ANCIENT ROME
➢ Gave less importance to dancing which eventually became an integral part of the corruption in the
latter days of the Roman Empire resulting in the condemnation of dance by early Christians.
➢ Dance was primarily performed for religious, social and entertainment. However, theatrical
entertainment was prohibited but still existed and was performed within the church during
religious ceremonies.

THE MIDLE AGES AND THE RENAISSANCE

➢ Ballet comes into play, which was started in the year 1400 in Italy, but didn’t really become popular
until around the year 1500.
➢ Ballet gained its popularity when a lady of the arts, CATHERINE DE MEIDICI, married King Henry II
and threw festivals where they would perform ballet dances.
➢ Ballet is believed to be the main core of every single dance style.
➢ A vast dance movement occurred throughout the courts of Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries.
➢ During these times, new court dances performed by the nobility came about as well as the rise of
the art ballet in Italy and France.
➢ Several other dance forms continued to sprout and spread across several countries.

DANCING TOWARDS THE 21ST CENTURY

THE LATE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES (1501-1700)
➢ MASQUE DANCING started 1600 from elaborate pageants and shows in the 16th century.
➢ Masque Dancing involved intricate costuming and stage designing that also incorporated singing
and acting as well as dancing. It was often used as a court entertainment.
➢ A period in the history of dance in Italy, France, and England which was considered pleasantly
deep and rich. France became the forerunner in dance during this period.
➢ Dance increased as a court amusement and later transformed into professional entertainment.

THE 18TH CENTURY (1701-1800)

➢ (Classical Persian Dancing) These styles of dance evolved from courtroom dancing in 1795.
➢ An era influencing Persian dance was the Qajar Dynasty which lasted from 1975 to 1925.
➢ Dancers would perform artistic and lively dances for the Shah. The music is usually played by a
small band.
 ➢ (Tippiti Tappity, Time for Tap) TAP DANCING originated from African tribe dancing in 1800.
➢ Tap dancing makes percussion sounds because of dancers most commonly wearing leather shoes
with two pieces of metal and clip and clap against hard floors.
➢ Tap is still very popular to this day.

THE 19TH CENTURY (1801-1900)

➢ (Merengue Dancing) It is a Caribbean dance style, stated in 1890, that involves partners holding
each other in a tango-like position and moving their hips side to side.
➢ (Jazz and Acro, 1900) It involves doing smooth and flexible movements, and lots of back bending
and tricks. Both styles are widely popular to this day.
➢ Ballroom Dances also emerged during this period like Cotillion, Polonaise, Quadrille, Waltz and
Polka.

20TH CENTURY DANCES (1901-2000)

➢ Described as a period of “dance fever” wherein the young and old alike were not limited to express
emotions through dance.
➢ Contemporary Dance in 1950 is a style that combines jazz, ballet, and modern dance. It can be
many different styles, but most of the time it is melancholy and/or intense.
➢ Hip Hop Dance in 1970. There are many styles of hip hop that include breaking, popping, locking and
more. Street dance was performed both in night clubs and on the streets. It is associated with
funk, breakdancing, and hip-hop.
➢ Several social dance movements also evolved such as Castle Walk, Tango, Foxtrot, Charleston,
Lindy Hop, Rumba, Mambo, Cha-cha, Samba, Bossa Nova, Boogaloo and Twist.
➢ Popular fad dances also emerged like YMCA and Macarena.

21ST CENTURY DANCE (2001-PRESENT)

➢ Today’s dance style has taken a turn towards more hip hop and that most everyone can achieve
include the whip and nae nae, Gangnam Style (it’s a little old), shooting and more.

GALAW PILIPINAS (DEPED ORDER NO. 060, S 2021)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL CALISTHENICS
PROGRAM
RATIONALE
Galaw Pilipinas aims to:
a) promote an active lifestyle for Filipinos that will benefit both their physical and socioemotional
well-being;
b) improve strength, flexibility, cardio-vascular endurance, coordination, and balance;
c) enhance cultural awareness by integrating Philippine cultures in the calisthenics exercise; and
d) inculcate nationalism, unity, and discipline.

LEGAL BASIS
Pursuant to Article XIV, section 19 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, which declares that…
a) the "state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions,
and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline,
teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry."

World health organization report (2019)

a) About 13% of the world's adult population (11% of men and l5% of women) were obese in 2O16.
 b) Meanwhile, an estimated 38.2 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight or obese
in 2Ol9 and almost half of them lived in Asia.

Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS) -Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition
Research Institute (DOST-FNRI) (2020)
a) Nationa1 estimate for overweight children significantly increased from 8.6% in 2Ol5 to 71.7%
b) In 2O18, following an increasing trend of overweight and obesity through the year.
c) The current COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the reduced level of physical activity.
d) Screen time during leisure was also prolonged, indicating that nearly a quarter of students
engaged in long screen time for leisure.

Why (Physical Activity) Galaw Pilipinas?

➢ It is economical (requiring minimal to no equipment), requires minimal space, and is easy to learn.
➢ The Department, therefore, establishes the promotion and lmplementation of Galaw Pilipinas, as the
national calisthenics, to achieve an active Lifestyle among all types of learners in all key stages.
➢ It is a 4-minute calisthenics routine which shall contribute to the 6O minutes of moderate to vigorous
physical activity (MVPA) prescribed daily for children 5-17 years of age.