Chapter 1

1. It is a programmable, multiuse machine that accepts data—raw facts and figures—and

processes, or manipulates it into information we can use. COMPUTER
2. Also called telecommunications technology, consists of electromagnetic devices and systems for
communicating over any distance. COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

3. Some uses of information technology:

 PERSONALIZING STUDENTS’ EDUCATION
 AUTOMATING TEDIOUS AND ROTE TASKS AND MANAGING CLASSES
 REDUCING INSTRUCTORS’ WORKLOAD (COURSE-MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE)
 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATIONS (E.G., POWERPOINT)

4. Some misuse of Information technology:

 TEXT MESSAGING OR EMAILING FRIENDS DURING CLASS
 SURFING THE INTERNET FOR ENTERTAINMENT
 DOING ASSIGNMENTS FOR OTHER CLASSES
 SHARING ANSWERS

5. Advantages of online learning

 ONLINE COURSES ARE LESS EXPENSIVE THAN TRADITIONAL COURSES.
 DISTANCE LEARNING IS USEFUL TO STUDENTS IN RURAL AREAS.
6. It means something that is created, simulated, or carried on by means of a computer or a
computer network. VIRTUAL
7. Medical care via telecommunications lets doctors treat patients from far away TELEMEDICINE
8. Automatic devices that perform functions ordinarily performed by human beings—permit
precise microsurgery ROBOTS
9. Computer systems with a collection of interrelated files. DATABASES
10. It is frequently updated sites on the web intended for public consumption that contain a writer’s
observations, opinions, images, and links to other websites. BLOGS
11. Term coined by William Gibson in Neuromancer. It encompasses not only the online world and
the Internet in particular but also the whole wired and wireless world of communications in
general. CYBERSPACE
12. It is a worldwide computer network that connects hundreds of thousands of smaller networks.
These networks link educational, commercial, nonprofit, and military entities, as well as
individuals. NET or INTERNET
13. It refers to technology that presents information in more than one medium, such as text, till
images, moving images, and sound. MULTIMEDIA
14. It is an interconnected system of Internet computers (called servers) that support specially
formatted documents in multimedia form. WORLD WIDE WEB or WEB
15. It is an interconnected system of internet computers. SERVERS
16. What are the five sizes of computers? SUPERCOMPUTERS, MAINFRAME COMPUTERS/
MAINFRAMES, WORKSTATIONS, MICROCOMPUTERS, MICROCONTROLLERS
17. The most expensive and fastest computers available. It is used for tasks requiring the processing
of enormous volumes of data, such as doing the U.S. census count, forecasting weather,
designing aircraft, modeling molecules, and breaking encryption codes. SUPERCOMPUTERS
18. It is a water- or air-cooled computers that cost $5,000–$5 million and vary in size from small, to
medium, to large, depending on their use. These are used by large organizations—such as
banks, airlines, insurance companies, and colleges—for processing millions of transactions.
MAINFRAME COMPUTERS/MAINFRAMES
19. Often called midsized computers and they have price around $5000-20000 and they used to be
called minicomputers, although today the term is seldom used. SMALL MAINFRAMES
20. How users access a mainframe? TERMINAL (usually with KEYBOARD and MOUSE)
21. These are expensive, powerful personal computers usually used for complex scientific,
mathematical, and engineering calculations and for computer-aided design and computer-aided
manufacturing. Providing many capabilities comparable to those of midsize mainframes, these
are used for such tasks as designing airplane fuselages, developing prescription drugs, and
creating movie special effects. WORKSTATIONS
22. These computers cost around $500-5000. PERSONAL COMPUTERS
23. These are used by individuals as well as businesses, and they can be connected to networks of
larger computers. MICROCOMPUTERS
24. Types of microcomputers: DESKTOP, TOWER, NOTEBOOKS (LAPTOPS), NETBOOKS, TABLETS,
MOBILE DEVICES, PERSONAL DIGITAL ○ ASSISTANTS (PDAS), AND E-READERS
25. These are also called embedded computers which have tiny, specialized microprocessors inside
appliances and automobiles They are in microwaves, programmable ovens, blood-pressure
monitors, air bag sensors, vibration sensors, MP3 players, digital cameras, keyboards, car
systems, etc. MICROCONTROLLERS
26. It is a central computer that holds collections of data (databases) and programs for connecting
or supplying services to PCs, workstations, and other devices. SERVERS
27. Collection of programs for connecting or supplying services to PCs, workstations, and other
devices. These are either linked by a wired or wireless network. CLIENTS
28. Purpose of Server: TO HOLD DATA AND PROGRAMS FOR CLIENTS TO ACCESS AND TO SUPPLY
SERVICES FOR CLIENTS
29. Three basic principles of computers
DATA IS TURNED INTO INFORMATION
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE HAVE THEIR OWN SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS
ALL COMPUTERS INPUT, PROCESSING, STORAGE, AND OUTPUT, PLUS COMMUNICATIONS.
30. It is the raw facts and figures. DATA
31. This is data that has been summarized or otherwise transformed for use in decision making.
INFORMATION
32. It is the machinery and equipment in a computer system. HARDWARE
33. It is the electronic instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task. SOFTWARE
(PROGRAM)
34. What goes into the computer system. INPUT
35. The manipulation a computer does to transform data into information. PROCESSING
36. It is the temporary storage of the computer for data’s waiting to be processed. PRIMARY
STORAGE/MEMORY
37. It is the permanent storage of the computer media such as hard disk, DVDs, and CDs.
SECONDARY STORAGE
38. What comes out—the results of processing, such as on the screen, printouts, sound. OUTPUT
39. The process of sending and receiving data. COMMUNICATIONS
40. It refers to a group of related technologies used for developing machines to emulate human
qualities, such as learning, reasoning, communicating, seeing, and hearing. It is based on the use
of algorithms, formulas or sets of steps for solving particular problems. It deals with Big Data,
data that is so large and complex that it cannot be processed using conventional methods.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE/AI
41. It basically means that instead of storing your software and/or data on your own PC or your own
company’s computers, you store it on servers on the Internet. CLOUD COMPUTING
42. Convergence—combination of several industries
COMPUTERS
COMMUNICATIONS
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
ENTERTAINMENT
MASS MEDIA
43. Results of combination of several industries
PORTABILITY
PERSONALIZATION
COLLABORATION
CLOUD COMPUTING
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
44. Importance of computers and information technology
COMPUTERS ARE PLAYING IMPORTANT ROLES IN OUR PERSONAL LIVES.
PEOPLE NOW USE COMPUTERS TO POST RÉSUMÉS (CVS) AND FIND JOBS.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS REDUCING THE USE OF TRADITIONAL MONEY.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS HELPING GOVERNMENTS TO DELIVER SERVICES AND IS
AFFECTING POLITICAL ACTIVISM.
Chapter 2

1) It is an expression of how much data – text, voice, video and so on – can be sent through a
communications channel in a given amount of time. BANDWIDTH
2) It is a slow type of connection that allows only one signal to be transmitted at a time.
BASEBAND
3) It is a high-speed connection that allows several signals to be transmitted at once. BROADBAND
4) To connect you must need:
a. An access device (computer)
b. A means of connection (phone line, cable hookup, or wireless)
c. An Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Data Transmission Speeds

5) Originally measured in bits per second (bps)

6) 8 bits are needed to send one character, such as A or a
7) Currently measured in kilobits per second (Kbps)
8) Kilo- stands for a thousand
9) A 28.8 Kbps modem sends 28,800 bits per second
a. How many characters per second would that be?
10) Mbps connections send 1 million bits per second (MEGA BITS)
11) Gbps connections send 1 billion bits per second (GIGA BITS)
12) It can be either internal or external to your PC. Most ISPs offer local access numbers. You call
waiting turned off; either manually or in Windows. A 28.8 Kbps takes 4 3/4 hours to download 6-
minute video. MODEM
13) HIGH-SPEED PHONE LINES / T1 LINE
14) 1 hour to download 6-minute video○ ISDN LINE
15) 11 minutes to download 6-minute video○ DSL LINE
16) Connects pc to a cable system. 2 minutes to download a 2-minute video. CABLE MODEMS
17) Always-on connection using satellite dish to satellite orbiting earth• Send data at 56 – 500 Kbps;
receive at 1.5 Mbps. SATELLITE
18) Name for a set of wireless standards set by IEEE. Typically used with laptops that have Wi-Fi
hardware. WIFI- WIRELESS FIDELITY
19) High-speed wireless that does not need access points. These uses cell phones. 3G, 4G, 5G
20) Local, regional, or national organization that provides internet access○ Examples: AT&T
Worldnet, EarthLink (PLDT, Globe, BayanTel, Converge) INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS (ISP)

21) A members-only company that provides specialized content and internet access. Examples of
this are AOL, MSN. COMMERCIAL ONLINE SERVICE
22) Internet Access for laptops, notebooks, smartphones, PDA users○ These devices contain
wireless modems. Examples: AT&T Wireless, Verizon Wireless, Earthlink Net Zero. WIRELESS
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS
23) This consists of thousands of smaller networks. INTERNET
24) It is a computer requesting data or service. CLIENT
25) It is a central computer supplying data or services requested of it. SERVER OR HOST
26) A local access point to the internet. A local gateway to the ISP’s network. POINT OF PRESENCE
27) A routing computer at a point on the internet where several connections come together. Owned
by Network Service Providers (NSP). NETWORK ACCESS POINT
28) What year is the four major NAPs established when the internet was privatized? 1993
29) Source of much internet congestion. PNAPS (P stands for PRIVATIZE and S stands for SYSTEM)
30) Established in late 1990s. Provide more backbone access locations than the original 4 NAPs in
Chicago, Washington D.C., New Jersey and San Francisco. 100 in U.S.A. at present. Facilitate
more efficient routing since there are more backbone access locations. PRIVATE/PEER NAPs
(PNAP)
31) High-capacity, high-speed data transmission lines. Uses the newest technology. Providers
include AT&T, Cable & Wireless, Sprint, Teleglobe, UUNET. INTERNET BACKBONE
32) Cooperative university/business research project. New standards for large-scale higher-speed
data transmission. It requires state-of-the-art infrastructure. INTERNET 2
33) The set of rules a computer follows to electronically transmit data. It is developed in 1978 and
used for all internet transactions. PROTOCOLS
34) TCP/IP is the internet protocol.
35) Fixed-length blocks of data for transmission Data transmissions are broken up into ______.
PACKETS
36) Every device connected to the internet has an address. Each ________ uniquely identifies that
device. Example: 95.160.10.240. IP ADDRESS
37) Each number is between 0 and 255
38) IP addresses that don’t change. STATIC IP ADDRESS
39) ______ changes each time you connect to the internet. Since addresses are limited, and most
PCs are not connected a lot of the time, _____ addresses are common. The address is four sets
of 3-digit numbers separated by periods. DYNAMIC IP ADDRESS
Chapter 3

1. It is the software that manages CPU. SUPERVISOR

2. The process which turns on computers “on” system. COLD BOOT
3. This is the principal component of system software. OPERATING SYSTEM
4. It is a software developed to solve a particular problem for users, we interact mainly with this
software. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
5. OS keeps track of memory locations to prevent programs and data from overlapping each other.
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
6. The process of loading an OS into the computer’s main memory. BOOTING
7. Some OS functions:
MEMORY MANAGEMENT, TASK MANAGEMENT, FILE MANAGEMENT, SECURITY MANAGEMENT,
BOOTING
8. First-in, First-out (FIFO) sequence of data or programs that waits in line for its turn to be processed.
QUEUE
9. The interface between the user, the application software and the computer hardware. SYSTEM
SOFTWARE
10. Restart a computer that is already on. WARM BOOT
11. use a diskette or CD containing all files to launch OS. BOOT DISK
12. Booting involves four steps:

TURN THE COMPUTER ON

DIAGNOSTIC ROUTINES TEST THE MAIN MEMORY, CPU AND OTHER HARDWARES

BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM (BIOS) ARE COPIED TO THE MAIN MEMORY

BOOT PROGRAM OBTAINS THE OS AND LOADS ON THE COMPUTERS’ MAIN MEMORY

13. Service programs that perform tasks related to the control and allocation of computer resources.

UTILITIES OR UTILITY PROGRAMS

14. System Software has 3 basic components:

OPERATING SYSTEM, DEVICE DRIVERS, UTILITY PROGRAMS

15. The place where the data or programs sit while they are waiting.
BUFFER
It helps the computer control peripheral devices.
DEVICE DRIVERS
16. It is the user-controllable display screen you use to interact with the computer, using keyboard or
mouse.
USER INTERFACE
17. Specialized software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of
the computer system.
DEVICE DRIVERS
18. To move to particular place on screen or to point to little symbol icons.
MOUSE POINTER
19. Three main features of GUI:
DESKTOP
MENUS
ICONS
20. Low-level, master system of programs to manage basic computer operations.
OPERATING SYSTEM
21. Used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in the computer.
UTILITY PROGRAMS
22. Enables application software to interact with the computer, Helps the computer to manage its own
internal and external resources. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
23. Remains in memory while the computer runs, directs other programs not in memory to perform
tasks that support application programs. CPU MANAGEMENT (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)
24. Used to enter, delete, edit data, and to execute commands. SPECIAL-PURPOSE KEYS
25. Handling more than one program concurrently. MULTITASKING
26. A named collection of data. DATA FILE
27. Used to execute commands specific to the software being used. FUNCTION KEYS
28. The act of placing a print job into a buffer. TO SPOOL OR SPOOLING
29. Runs across the top of the display window. TITLE BAR
30. Displays menus and icons representing frequently used commands. TOOL BAR
31. Shows the names of the pull-down menus available. MENU BAR
32. Allows you to use a mouse or keystrokes to select icons and commands from menus. GUI OR
GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE
33. A small text box that explains the icon when you roll your mouse over it. ROLLOVER
34. The system’s main interface screen DESKTOP
35. A program that exists in a computer’s secondary storage. PROGRAM FILE
36. The File System arranges files in what manner? HIERARCHICAL MANNER
37. Keyboard shortcuts to activate series of commands. MACROS
38. A rectangular frame on the computer screen through which you can view a file of data or an
application. WINDOWS
39. Top level in a file system. DIRECTORIES
40. A command generating a table of contents, an index, and a search feature that can and a search
feature to help you locate answers. THE HELP COMMAND
41. The bar across the bottom of the Windows screen that contains the Start button. TASKBAR
42. This comes below Folders. SUBDIRECTORIES
43. Small pictorial figures that represent programs, data files, or procedures. ICONS
44. You can find files using their _____. PATHNAMES
45. An operation such as storing, printing, or calculating. TASK
46. Operating Systems permit users to control access to their computers, users gain access using an ID
and password. SECURITY MANAGEMENT
47. Computers are required to perform many different tasks at once, OS directs processor to alternate
time on each program until processing is complete. TASK MANAGEMENT
48. Lists of built-in commands and/or options from which to choose. MENUS

49. The particular processor model and operating system on which a computer system is based.
PLATFORM
50. Two principal systems or platforms are MAC PLATFORMS—RUN by APPLE MACINTOSH AND
PC PLATFORMS—RUN by MICROSOFT WINDOWS
51. Legacy systems still used—outdated but still functional. ORIGINAL MICROSOFT OS AND DOS (Disk
Operating System)
52. It is hard-to-use command-driven user interface. ORIGINAL MICROSOFT OS
53. OS that runs on Apple Macintosh computers; is popular for desktop publishing and in educational
settings, pioneered the easy-to-use GUI and proprietary OS. MAC OS
54. Open-source software—anyone may make suggested improvements, free, nonproprietary version of
Unix. LINUX (NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM)
55. Windows early versions—featured Plug & Play. 95, 98 AND ME WINDOWS
56. Windows networking plus new GUI and Improved stability. WINDOWS XP 2001
57. Media-oriented OS and a PC or TV to be home entertainment hub. WINDOWS XP MEDIA CENTER
EDITION 2004
58. Fancy interface, glitzier graphics, improved security, required too much computing power and
hardware/software incompatibility issues. WINDOWS VISTA 2007
59. Uses hands to manipulate screen content. MICROSOFT SURFACE
60. Comes in several versions—Home premium, Professional, & Ultimate contains Microsoft surface.
WINDOWS 7 2009
61. Apple started over with Mac OSx in what year? 2001
62. Five legal types of application software: COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE, FREEWARE, RENTALWARE,
PUBLIC-DOMAIN SOFTWARE, SHAREWARE
63. Copyrighted, must get license from owner, Comes in versions (major upgrades) and releases (minor)
COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE
64. Software license types:
SITE LICENSES
CONCURRENT-USE LICENSES
MULTIPLE-USE LICENSES
SINGLE-USE LICENSES
65. Allow software to be used on all computers at a specific location. SITE LICENSES
66. Allow a number of copies to be used at one time. CONCURRENT-USE LICENSES
67. Specifies number of people who may use the software. MULTIPLE-USE LICENSES
68. Limits software to one user at a time. SINGLE-USE LICENSES
69. Not copyrighted – legal to copy. PUBLIC-DOMAIN SOFTWARE
70. Copyrighted – download for free, then pay if you use it. SHAREWARE
71. Copyrighted – but available for free. FREEWARE
72. Copyrighted – lease for a fee. RENTALWARE
73. Other Software categories: PIRATED SOFTWARE, ABANDONWARE, CUSTOM SOFTWARE
74. Software obtained illegally in violation of copyright. PIRATED SOFTWARE
75. Software that is no longer being sold or supported by its publisher. ABANDONWARE
76. Created by software engineers and programmers specifically for companies or individuals. CUSTOM
SOFTWARE
77. Instruction book or program that helps you learn to use the product by taking you through a series
of steps. TUTORIALS
78. All information that describes a product to users, including a user guide or reference manual that
provides a narrative and graphical description of the program. DOCUMENTATION
79. Three types of data files:
DOCUMENT FILES, WORKSHEET FILES, DATABASE FILES
80. Files created by word processing. DOCUMENT FILES
81. Files created by spreadsheets. WORKSHEET FILES
82. Files created by database management programs. DATABASE FILES
83. Getting data from another source and then converting it into a format compatible with the program
in which you are currently working. IMPORTING
84. Transforming data into a format that can be used in another program and then transmitting it.
EXPORTING
85. Types of Application Software: ENTERTAINMENT, PERSONAL, EDUCATION/REFERENCES,
PRODUCTIVITY, AND SPECIALIZED USES
86. Type of application software which can be word processing, spreadsheets, database managers and
may be bundled in office suite. PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE