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Effect of Foliar Spray of' Urea on Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Urd Bean
(Vigna Mungo (L.) under Rainfed Conditions

Article · February 2005

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 151-154
Indian J. Dryland Agric. Res. & Dev. 2005 20(2) :

Nitrogen Uptake and

Effect of Foliar Spray of' Urea on

Yield of Urd Bean

under Rainfed Conditions
(Vigna MMungo (L.)
I. Jalupathi Rao and K.V. Radhakrishna
M. Malla Reddy, B. P'acdmaja,
007 A.P
AICRP on Pigeonpea, ARS, Warungal-506
clay
rabi 2002-2003 on loam soil of
ABSTRACT: A ficld experiment was conducted during
the inflluence of foliar fertilization of
Agriculural Rescarch Station, Warangal, A.P, to study
nine treatments. The results revcaled that significantly higher
2% urea onyield of urd bean with observed with 2% urea
N seed yield and net returns were
plant height. yield attributes, uptake,
60 DAS and was to all other treatments.
superior
spray at 30, 40 and
fertilization.
Key Words: Urea. Urd bean, N up take, Foliar

contribute
Urd bean (Vigna mungo (L.) is awidely grown, during pod development and
increased seed yield. Foliar fertilization
short duration grain legume crop. Urd bean is for increasing
cultivated mostly on marginal lands of rainfed gaining importance in recent time
areas in Andhra Pradesh. The mean yields
in crop yields.
between
the farmers fields are low and range
600 to 700 kg har'. The slow rate of dry matter Materials and Methods
accumulation during the pre-flowering phase,
onset of leaf s e n e s c e n c e during
the period of The field experiment was conducted during
Station.
rabi 2002-2003 at Agricultural Research
pod development and low partitioning efficiency loam in texture
of assimilates to grain were identified
as the Warangal. The soil was clay
ha
main physiological increasing
constraints for consisting of 0.33% organic carbon, 252 kg
and of available N, 26 kg ha' of available P;Os.
yields (Pawar and Bhatia, 1980). Sinclair 8.3 and
de Wit (1975) reported that only 20 mg N
of 390 kg ha' of available K20 with P
laid out
would be available from soil to EC 0.1 d S m', The experiment was
photosynthate three
the developing seed as against the requirement in a simple randomized block design with
is There w e r e 9 treatments viz..
of 26 mg N. It was apparent that urd bean replications.
not able to meet, the N demand of its seeds by Absolute control (no spray) (T).control (water
2% urea spray
uptake from the soil or by lixation. The nitrogen spray at 30, 40 and 60 DAS (T:).
the developing secd is net by at 30 DAS(Ti). 2% urca spray at 40 DAS (Ta).
requirement of
mobilization from foliage which, in turn, induces 2% urea spray at 60 DAS (Ts).2% urea spray
leaf senescence and abseissio1. This at DAS (T). 2°% u r e a spray at 30 and
30 and 40

phenomenon has been described is "self 60) DAS (T7), 2% urea spray at 40 and 60 DAS

destructive and was altributed as il cause lor (T«) and 2% urea spray at 30, 40 and 60 DAS
he low y iekl of urd bean (T). A lertilizer dose of 20.0 and 20 kg ha'
(Bhugwat et
al 'ofN,PO% and K20, respectively was applied
1979). The exogenous supply of nitrogen,
in the form of urea, would retard leal senescenee at the lime of sowing as basal dose. WGB-26
 Rao
Jaloratlhi
Padmaja, .
M. Mallu Reddy,
ml
1.
R.V. Rudhakrishna

I52
producing
number pods per plants
in
hand n par 30,
depth of 2-3 cm by higher than
witer spray at

variety was sown at a but significantly

x 0 cm. 2% urea spray at
à spacing of 30 40 and o0
DAS and
control.
dibbling. idopting recived (21* and 60 DAS
n o raintall
was
30 DAS and 40 DAS (T4)
(T3)
During the study, 2003). The rale 60 DAS (T2)
at 30, 40 and
October, 2002 to 11th January, I.5 mm (T5) and water spray 100-
per day ranged between and control (T1)
were o n par in producing
ofevaporation period. The crop lower than To.
and 3.5 mm during eropping mean seed weight but significantly
was harvested by
83 days. The average and T-8 treatments.
were T7.
maximum and minimum temperatures
during the
30.27°C and 18.37°C, respectively N uptake
3.6 m x 2.4 nm. Agood
study. The plot size was observed
amount of rainfall (80 mm)
was
received 0ne Significantly higher N uptake was
This rainfall at 30, 40 and 60 DAS (To)
week before sowing of crop. with urea spray (2%)
establishment. all other treatments. Nitrogen
helped in good crop stand as compared to

content of plants and protein content of grains

(Barik and
Results and Discussion were highest with urea spray
Ront,T990). Urea IS an exOgenous
source o
nitrogen increased N supply during
flowering
Plant height s e n e s c e n c e and
and pod filing stages, retard
observed
Significantly higher plant height was improved N availability for sced biomass,
DAS (T,),
with 2% urea spray at 30, 40 and 60 seeds
DAS resulting in higher nutrient uptake by
foliowed by 2% urea spray at 40 and 60 40 and
30
(Mitra et al., 1987). Urea spray (2%) at
(Ts), which is on par with 2% urea spray at 60 DAS (Ta), 30 and 60 DAS (T7). 30 and
40
and 60 DAS (T7) and 30 and 40 DAS (T6) (Fig
DAS (To) were on par in improving Nuptake.
(Ti) has recorded
1). Absolute Control
significantly lower plant height as compared
Similarly, urea spray (2%) at 30 DAS (T3), 40
DAS (T and 60 DAS (Ts) par but were on
to water spray (T2).
significantly higher than water spray at 30, 40
Yield attributes and 60 DAS (T>). Absolute control has recorded
significantly lower N uptake (34.2 kg ha)
Number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight among all treatments.
and seeds per plant were significantly influenced
by the 2% urea spray at different pheno phases
of urd been. Significantly highest number of
25 1
pods per plant, 100-seed weight and seeds per
pod were observed with 2% urea spray at 30, 5 20
40 and 60 DAS (T,) followed by 2% urea spray 5

al40 and 60 DAS (T&) is on par with

which
2% urea spray at 30 and 60 DAS (T7) and 30 5

and 40 DAS (T) (Table 1). Absolute control

(Ti) has recorded significantly lowest no of T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9
pods per plant and seeds per pod as compared Treatments
to water spray (T2). 2% uree spray at 30 DAS
(T3) and 40 DAS (Ta) and 60 DAS (Ts) were Fig: Bffect of 2% urea spray on plant
height (cm) of urd bean at harvest
 Efect of Foliar Spray of Urea on Nitrogen Uptake and Yeld of Urd Bean 153
(Vigna Mungo (L.) umder Rainfed Conditions

of urd
Table 1. Effeet of 2% urea spray on yleld nttribules, N uptake and yield bean
Seed yield
Treatments
No. of pods/ 100. Seed Seeds/pod Nuptake
plant Weight (g) (kg/ha) (kg/ha)
34.2 636
15.1 4.00
4.2 45.2 915
20.4 4.05

4.00 5.0 52.4 1125

24.3
4.00 .7 52.0 1120
24.0
52.8 J141
Ts 25.0 4.01 4.8
58.2 1371
29.8 4.17 5.4
56.0 1278
27.4 4.13 5.0
57.6 1308
Ts 28.1 4.18 5.2
6.0 64.6 1479
Te 38.0 4.39
0.78 26.0
0.66 0.02 0.14
SEm .34 78.0
CD (P-0.05) 1.97 0.06 0.42

Seed yield photosynthetic ability resulting in enhanced

seed yield (Mitra et al., 1987). 2% urea spray
Significantly highest yield (1479 kg ha'" was at 40 and 60 DAS (T:) is on par with 2% urea
observed with 2% urea spray at 30, 40 and 60 at 30 and 60 DAS (T;). Urea spray (2%)
spray
DAS (To), followed by spray (2%)
urea at 30 at pod development stage ((Ts), flowering tage
and 40 DAS (1371 kg ha'). which is on par (Ta) and pre-flowering stage (T:) were on par
with Ts treatment (1308 kg ha") (lable 1). he in producing seed yicld but significantly higher
enhanced seed yield was due to increase in than water spray (T2) and control ("1).Absolute
mature pods per plant, 100-seed weight and control has recorded significantly lower seed
seeds per pod with 2% urea spray at s0, 40 and yield (636 kgha'). These finds are in confirmity
60 DAS. Foliar spraying of urea retard the loss with results obtained by Manjula Devi and
ofchlorophylland leaf nitrogen with increased Pillai (1987).
Table 2. Effect of 2% Urea spray on economics of urd bean
Treatments Cost of Cultivation Gross Returns Net Returns
(Rs/ha) (Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)
8,500 9,063 563
I00 13,039 3.939
9,700 16,031 6.331
T 9,700 15,960 6,260
9,700 16,259 6.559
0,90 19.537 8,637
10,900 18,212 7.312
10,900 I8630 7,7,39
12,100 21076 8,976
154 M. talla Reddy, R. I'aadnaja, 1. halapathi Ra
und K. V Rulhukrislan

Economics References
Barik T. and D. Ront, 1990 1Effcct of foliar spray
Foliar fertrization of urea al different
ofcommercial micro nulricnt mixtures on growth.
phenophases of urd bean has recorded higher
yicld and quality of urd bean. Legune Rescarch
net returns as compared to water spray ('Table 13 (1): 50)-52
2). 2% urea spray al 30, 40 and 60 DAS (T») D.C.
has recorded higher gross (Rs.21076 ha') and Bhagwat S.G, C.R. Bhatia, T. Gopalakrishna,
Joshua, R.K. Mitra, P.P. Narahari and R.G
net returns (Rs.8,976 ha') followed by 2% Thakare, 1979. Increasing protcin production in
urea spray at 30 and 40 DAS (T.) and 2% urea cereals nd grain legunes. Pages 225-236. In

spray at 40 and 60 DAS (T3). Absoule control seed protein lmprovenent in cereals and gran
(Ti) has recorded very low net returns (Rs.563 legumes. Vol.II, IAEA, Vienna.
ha') as compared to water spray (T2) (Rs.3939 Devi M. and R.N. Pillai. 1997. Foliar
Manjula
ha . lertilization of urea on yield and nutrient uptake
by urd bean. Legume Research 20 (3/4): 221-
223.
Conclusion
MitraR., S.E. Pawar and C.R. Bhatia, 1987. Nitrogen:
The study indicated that foliar applic: tion of the major limiting factor for.mung bean yield.
2% urea at pre-flowering, flowering a id pod In: proccecdings ol sccond internat.onal symposium
in mung bean held al Bangkok, Thailand,
development stages has recorded signit cantly
November 16- 20, 1987.
higher yield and net returns in urd t 2an as
compared to single spray of urea (2%, either Pawar S.E. and C.R. Bhatia. 1980. The hasis for
at pre-flowering/ lowering/pod devele pnent grain yield diflerences in mung bean culivars
stages and water spray at three importani pheno and identifications of yield limiting factors. Theo0.
phases of urd been. For getting highe yield Appl. Genet, 57: 171-175
and net returns in urd been under ra in fed Sinclair T.R. and de Wit C.D., 1975. Photosynthate
conditions, foliar fertilization of urea e three and nitrogen requirements for seed production
by various crops. Science, 189: 565 567.
-

important pheno phases is essential.

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