ARMY PUBLIC

SCHOOL JAIPUR

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
NAME : YASH MANRAL
CLASS : 12TH SCI-A
TOPIC : EXTRACTION OF NICOTINE
SULPHATES FROM CIGARETTE
SUBMITTED TO : Mrs.SUNITA MEEL
 CERTIFICATE
It is to certify that the activities in this investigatory
project have been completed by the student
satisfactory as a part of CBSE class 12 annual exam
2020-21(practical section)under the guidance of Mrs
Sunita Meel.
The details of the student are as follows:
STUDENT NAME – YASH MANRAL
CLASS-12TH SCI-A
ROLL NO. -
TOPIC - “EXTRACTION AND
DETERMINATION OF CAFFIENE CONTENTS IN
DIFFERENT TEA SAMPLES”

External Examiner Mrs. Sunita Mee

THR

INTRODUCTION
Unmute
Loaded: 1.04%
Fullscree
Tobacco is an product processed from the
leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It
can be consumed, used as a pesticide
and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, used
in some medicines. It is most commonly
used as a drug, and is a valuable cash
crop for countries such as Cuba,India,
China, and the United States. Tobacco is
a name for any plant of the genus
Nicotiana of the Solanaceae family
(nightshade family) and for the product
manufactured from the leaf and used in
cigars and cigarettes, snuff, and pipe and
chewing tobacco. Tobacco plants are also
used in plant bioengineering, and some of
the 60 species are grown as ornamentals.

The chief commercial species, N.

tabacum, is believed native to tropical
America, like most nicotiana plants, but
has been so long cultivated that it is no
longer known in the wild. N.Rrustica, a
mild-flavored, fast-burning species, was
the tobacco originally raised in Virginia,
but it is now grown chiefly in Turkey, India,
and Russia. The alkaloid nicotine is the
most characteristic constituent of tobacco
and is responsible for its addictive nature.
The harmful effects of tobacco derive from
the thousands of different compounds
generated in the smoke, including
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as
benzpyrene), formaldehyde, cadmium,
nickel, arsenic, radioactive polonium-210,
tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs),
phenols, and many others.
Tobacco is cultivated similarly to other agricultural
products. Seeds are sown in cold frames or hotbeds to
prevent attacks from insects, and then transplanted into
the fields. Tobacco is an annual crop, which is usually
harvested mechanically or by hand. After harvest,
tobacco is stored for curing, which allows for the slow
oxidation and degradation of carotenoids. This allows for
the agricultural product to take on properties that are
usually attributed to the "smoothness" of the smoke.
Following this, tobacco is packed into its various forms
of consumption, which include smoking, chewing,
snuffing, and so on.
Most cigarettes incorporate flue-cured tobacco, which
produces a milder, more inhalable smoke. Use of low-
pH, inhalable, flue-cured tobacco is one of the principal
reasons smoking causes lung cancer and other
diseases association with smoke inhalation.

NICOTINE
Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of
plants (Solanaceae) that acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor agonist. The biosynthesis takes place in the
roots and accumulation occurs in the leaves of the
Solanaceae. It constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of
the dry weight of tobacco and is present in the range of
2–7 μg/kg of various edible plants. It functions as an
antiherbivore chemical; therefore, nicotine was widely
used as an insecticide in the past and nicotine analogs
such as imidacloprid are currently widely used.
In low doses (an average cigarette yields about 1
mg of absorbed nicotine), the substance acts as a
stimulant in mammals, while high amounts (30–60
mg) can be fatal. This stimulant effect is the main
factor responsible for the dependence-forming
properties of tobacco smoking. According to the
American Heart Association, nicotine addiction has
historically been one of the hardest addictions to
break, while the pharmacological and behavioral
characteristics that determine tobacco addiction
are similar to those determining addiction to heroin
and cocaine.
The nicotine content of popular American-brand
cigarettes has slowly increased over the years,
and one study found that there was an average
increase of 1.6% per year between the years of
1998 and 2005. This was found for all major
market categories of cigarettes.

Requirements
 250 ml Beaker
 Filter Paper
 Separating funnel
 China Dish
 Physical Balance
 Glass Rod

Chemicals Required
 Calcium Hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]
 Kerosene as solvent
 Concentrated Sulphuric Acid
 Cigarettes

Procedure
 Collect different samples of cigarettes.
 Remove the covers and collect the contents of the cigarettes on
separate pieces of papers. Weigh 1 gram of each sample using a
physical balance and label them. Place them in a dry place.
 Dissolve each sample in Calcium Hydroxide solution taken in 100ml
beakers. Stir them with the help of a glass rod.
 Filter the different solutions after the Nicotine has fully dissolved.
Collect them separately in separating funnels.
 Add two test tubes of Kerosene Oil to each separating funner. Before
pouring, ensure that the valve is closed.
 After Pouring shake the mixture vigorously in order to mix the two
liquids and leave it for two days without disturbing. Two layers – one
heavy layer in the bottom and the second lighter layer in the top
separates out.
 Open the valve of the funnel and let the heavy layer out through the
open valve. The lighter layer remains in the separating funnel.
 Add half a test tube of concentrated Sulphuric Acid to each separating
funnel. Again shake it vigorously in order to mix them and leave it for
sometime.
 Two layers are formed – one heavy (dark drown) layer at the bottom
and another lighter (almost transparent) layer on the top.
 Open the valve of the separating funnel and collect the heavier layer in
a test tube.
 Now transfer the contents into a china dish. Repeat the same
procedure for the different samples and label them after the name of the
cigarettes from which they have been obtained.
 Heat the crystals in liquid form and ultimately subject them to cold
water and leave them for a day or two.
 Weigh the crystals hence obtained with the help of a physical balance.

Result
The analysis showed relatively higher levels of
nicotine in tobacco from beedis (0.17g) as
compared to cigarettes (0.05g in Sample B and
0.06g in Sample A)
CONCLUSION
This study concludes that the nicotine
content in tobacco contained in
country cigarettes (beedi) is higher
compared to the content in company
manufactured branded cigarettes.

Bibliography
o www.en.wikipedia.com;
o
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/28
7555-overview;
o www.righthealth.com;
o www.netdoctor.co.uk;
o www.nicorette.com;
o “World Health Survey” by the World
Health Organisation (WHO);
o “Practical Chemistry for Class XII” by
Ratna Sagar Publications;
o “Science Reporter” July, 2010 edition;