IFRAH FEBY DZAKIRAH

XI IPA 3 / 18

Expressing Causes and Effect

Expressing Causes Expressing Effects

Reflection of light in water droplets in the Earth’s Rainbows are caused by reflection of light in
atmosphere causes rainbows. water droplets in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Rainbows occur because of various forms of Rainbows can be caused by various forms of
water in the air. water in the air.

In hot weather, or when our muscles warm up In hot weather, more sweat is caused by the rise
due to exertion, we sweat more. in muscle temperature from exertion.

Snowfall can decrease the electricity generated The electricity generated by solar panels can be
by solar panels. decreased by snowfall

Remember!

There are many ways to express a cause

 Because ( conjunction )
For the reason that
E.g. “ why does the brain tissue not feel pain?” “ because it lacks pain receptors.”
* because of ( preposition )
As a result of
E.g. Roads can be much harder to travel because of heavy snow.
* due to ( preposition )
Caused by
E.g. When our muscles warm up due to exertion, we sweat more.

Do you know?

The following can be used to express effect

 ( be ) caused by …..
E.g. the illness is caused by a virus
Effect cause
 Can + verb 1
E.g. Heavy snowfall can paralyze transportation.
 Cause effect

Remember!

 When someone asks your opinion, if you are not sure about your answer, you can respond by
saying: Really?, I’m not sure, I haven’t a clue, I don’t think so, etc.
 Not all dialogues consists of questions and answers. Sometimes, they also consist of
statements and responses. The responses include I think so, I knew that, and you’re right

Activity 1

Read the following statements and choose the best response for each statement.

Statement Response
a. These days, people are becoming more and more unsociable because of You’re right
prolonged exposure to computers and the internet, which makes users lazy
about communicating with other people in person.

b. I believe that hackers don’t do anything illegal because they only want to really
understand certain systems.

c. We can get toothache because of eating too much sugar and not brushing our I knew that
teeth after meals.

d. Because population booms cause many problems, the government should right
find the solution.

e. Solar energy is cheap because we can get an abundance of sunlight. I think so

Really? You’re right, I knew that, I think so, Right.

Activity 2.

Write possible expression of cause and effect and responses to the following situation. See the
example.

Situation Cause and effect

A teacher is asking a student
why he is often late.
A friend wants to know why
you can speak Javanese
fluently
Responses
I’m sorry. I live quite far and the bus is unpredictable. Really?
Therefore I am often late.
I can speak Javanes fluently because I have lived in Oh, I see
Yogyakarta for 5 years
 Sorry mom, I was very tired after the footbal match, It's OK for
A mother is asking her son the so I slept and forgot about my homework.
reason for not doing today but
homework. next time,
do your
homework
first
before the
football
match!

Nowadays, more and more people using social Yes, I

A close friend wants to know
the effect of social media on
communication.
A student asks his teacher, is
English very important?
Therefore we should study
English hard.
media as a new way of communication, it is easy agree with
and convenient. That is the positive side, there is your
also the negative side, social opinion
media causes people to spend more time online
and less face-to-face communication and
interaction.
I think so
English is very important for our lives because if
we are going to travel abroad or out of the region,
of course we always meet foreign tourists.

Milk contains calcium therefore it is good for our Thanks

A child is asking her mother body, drinking milk every day will help us prevent for
about the effect of drinking bone disease, such as osteoporosis explaining
milk every morning. to me,
Mom