(CE – 4132)

Architectural Drawing
Lecture 1

Bezaye B. (GAR)
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 What is Architectural Drawing?
 Purpose of Architectural Drawings,
 Types of Architectural Drawing,
 Standard views of Architectural Drawings,
 Plans- floor plans, roof plan foundation plan,
site plan
 Elevation
 Section
 Detail drawings
 Perspective drawing

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 Architectural drawing is basically pictorial images
of buildings, interiors, details or other items that
need to be built.
 An Architectural drawing is a technical drawing of
a building (or building project) that falls within the
definition of architecture.
 Architectural drawings are drawn according to a set
of conventions, which include:
 Particular views (floor plan, section etc.)
Sheet sizes, units of measurement and
scales, annotation and cross referencing.

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 Architectural drawings are different from other
types of drawings as they are drawn to include
accurate measurements and detailed information,
and other information necessary to build a
structure.
 Architectural drawings are graphic representations
to communicate how to do the;
 Construction,
 Remodeling, or
 Installation of a design project.

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Some of the major purposes:
 To develop a design idea into a coherent proposal,
 To communicate ideas and concepts,
 To convince clients of the merits of a design,
 To enable a building contractor to construct it,
 To make a record of a building that already exists.

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Architectural drawings are produced for a specific
purpose, and can be classified accordingly:
 Presentation drawings are drawings intended
to explain a scheme and to promote its merits.
Includes; people, vehicles and landscapes
 Working drawings and specifications are the
main sources of information for supervisors and
technicians responsible for the actual
construction.
Gives a complete graphic description of the
structure to be erected and the construction
method to be followed.
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Generally the architectural drawings are categorized
into the following views:
1. Floor Plans at all levels
2. Reflected Ceiling Plan at all levels
3. Roof Plan
4. Site Plan
5. Foundation Plan
6. External Elevations
7. Sections And/or Sectional Views

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 A floor plan is an aerial plan view that is
horizontally cut (conventionally at one meter
above floor level), showing anything that could be
seen below that level:
 The floor,
 Corridors and Stairs (but only up to the plan
level),
 Fittings, appliance, and cabinetry, furnitures
 Walls,
 Windows and door openings, and
 Built-in interior elements, arrangement of spaces
in building and other features at that level.

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 Objects above the plan level (e.g. beams overhead)
can be indicated as dotted lines.
 Geometrically, plan view is defined as a vertical
orthographic projection of an object on to a
horizontal plane, with the horizontal plane cutting
through the building.
 Is drawn to a scale with different line weights and
line types to deliver different levels of information
clearly.
 It is considered to be the most important
architectural drawing that presents significant
amount of information on the design and
construction.

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 Walls
 Main Openings In Walls (I.E. Windows & Doors)
 Partitions
 Main Openings In Partitions (Doors)
 Room Names And Numbers
 Grid References (When Applicable)
 Stairs (In Outline)
 Fixed Furniture (Including Loose Furniture When Its
Disposition In A Room Is In Practice Predetermined – E.G.
Desks Set Out On A Modular Grid, Etc.)
 Sanitary Fittings
 Cupboards
 North Point.

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 Dimensions
 Annotations
 Details of construction – e.g. cavity wall
construction
 Hatching or shading
 Section indicators

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A site plan is a specific type of plan, showing the whole
context of a building or group of buildings.
 A site plan shows; property boundaries and means of
access to the site, and nearby structures if they are
relevant to the design
 For a development on an urban site, the site plan
may need to show adjoining streets to demonstrate
how the design fits in to the urban fabric.
 For a construction project, the site plan also needs to
show all the service connections: drainage and sewer
lines, water supply, electrical and communications
cables, exterior lighting etc.

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 Generally the functions of the site plan are to show:
 The location of the building or buildings in
relation to their surrounding
 The topography of the site with both existing
and finished levels
 Buildings to be demolished or removed
 The extent of earthworks, including cutting and
filling, and the provision of banks and retaining
walls
 Roads, footpaths and paved areas

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 Features included in a site plan (also called a plot
plan)
 Property lines and locations
 Contours and profiles
 Building lines
 Locations of structures to be built
 Existing structures
 Approaches
 Existing & New utilities (such as sewer, water,
and gas).
 Northing

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  Planting
 The lay out of external service runs, including
drainage, water, gas, electricity, telephone, etc.
 Fencing, walls and gates
o Use - drawing up a site plan is a tool for deciding
both the site layout and the size and orientation of
proposed new buildings.

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Typical Example of Site Plan
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 Elevation are drawings that show the front, rear, or
side view of a building or structure.
 An elevation is a view of a building seen from one
side, a flat representation of one façade.
 This is the most common view used to describe the
external appearance of a building.
 Geometrically, an elevation is a horizontal
orthographic projection of a building on to a vertical
plane, the vertical plane normally being parallel to
one side of the building.

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Elevations shows;-
 Locations and types of :doors and windows.
 Construction materials are shown on the elevation.

 The ground level (the grade) surrounding the structure

may also be shown.

 Height

 Façade treatments

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A section, represents a vertical plane cut through
the object, in the same way as a floor plan is a
horizontal section viewed from the top.

 Geometrically, a cross section is a horizontal

orthographic projection of a building on to a vertical
plane, with the vertical plane cutting through the
building.

 Inthe section view, everything cut by the section

plane is shown as a bold line, often with a solid fill
to show objects that are cut through, and anything
seen beyond generally shown in a thinner line.

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 Sections are used to
 describe the relationship between different levels
of a building.
 Sections show;
 Height
 Materials
 Fastening and support systems
 Interior spaces
 Any concealed features

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A sectional elevation is a combination of a cross
section, with elevations of other parts of the
building seen beyond the section plane.

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 Detail drawings are more specific than other types of
construction plans.
 They are generally drawn on a larger scale and show
features that do not appear on other plans.
 Details are large-scale drawings which show features
that do not appear (or appear on too small scale) on
the plans, elevations, and sections.
 Detail drawing shows the builder how various parts
are connected, placed and how their construction
proceeds.

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The process of surveying or studying the existing
environment and how it will influence the structure’s
design and layout on the site.

Site Analysis involves :-

- taking an inventory of site elements
- Gather relevant information about site
- Analyze these features relative to the clients
needs & aims and incorporate them into the design

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Site Analysis

Points need to be covered under site analysis include:

 Physical Factors  Cultural and man-

 Topography made features
 Soil  Zoning Ordinances
 Geographic location  Codes
 Historical values
 Climate  Infrastructure
 Solar orientation
 Sensory Factors
 Prevailing winds  Views
 Plant material  Sounds
 Water  Smells

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Site Analysis
 beautiful city centre
 at2PM
 scenic view across the
 old eucalyptus trees down sloping terrain of
 busy noisy road. the back
 cool breeze that comes
from the city
 sun ray coming directly
through the windscreen
2PM

Busy and noisy

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