MAPEH REVIEWER
2ND QUARTER
(10 - Bell) | Adviser: Ma’am Jocel L. Rioja
MUSIC
LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
a product of three major influences –
Indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and
African includes countries that have
been colonised by Spain and Portugal
divided into different areas:
● Andean Region
● Central America
● Caribbean
● Brazil
VOCAL and DANCE FORMS OF LATIN
AMERICAN MUSIC
● Cumbia -originating in Panama
and Columbia, it became a
popular African courtship dance
with European and African
instrumentation and
characteristics.
● Tango-a foremost Argentinian
and Uruguayan urban popular
song that is related to the Cuban
contradanza, habanera and
Cuban tango.
● Cha cha cha -a ballroom dance
that originated in Cuba, it is
derived from the “mambo”. It is
usually danced with Cuban
music, Latin Pop and Rock music
● Rumba-a popular recreational
dance of Afro-Cuban origin, its
music contains jazz elements that
became a model for other Latin
American dances.
● Bossa Nova -a vocal form that is
characterized by the integration
of melody, harmony and rhythm
into a swaying feel, where the
vocal style is often nasal. Example
of a Filipino Bossa Nova artist is
Sitti Navarro.
● Reggae -a style that was a
synthesis of Afro-American
popular music and traditional
Afro-Jamaican music. Example
artist is Bob Marley.
● Salsa - Salsa music is Cuban,
Puerto Rican, and Colombian
dance music. It comprises various
musical genres including the
Cuban son montuno, guaracha,
chachacha and bolero.
● Samba - Samba is the basic
underlying rhythm that typifies
most Brazilian music. It is a lively
and rhythmical dance and music
with three steps to every bar,
making the Samba feel like a
timed dance.
LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
● Latin pop (pop latino)- is a pop
music genre that contains sound
or influence from Latin America.
Latin pop usually combines
upbeat Latin music with American
pop music. Latin pop is commonly
associated with Spanish-
language pop, rock, and dance
music.
● Latin rock- is a term to describe a
music subgenre consisting in
melting traditional sounds and
elements of Latin American and
Caribbean folk with rock music.
Legendary Pilipino Rocker is Jose
Pepe Smith.
● Latin Jazz- is a genre of jazz with
Latin American Rhythms. Mostly in
Mexico = Jazz Bands.
● Bebop was “hot,” i.e., loud, exciting,
and loose, Cool Jazz was “cool,”
i.e., soft, more reserved, and
controlled.
● Latin hip hop/ rap- is hiphop
music recorded by Latin American
 MAPEH REVIEWER
2ND QUARTER
(10 - Bell) | Adviser: Ma’am Jocel L. Rioja
artists in the United States and
Spanish-speaking countries in the
Caribbean, Central America, and
South America
● Reggaeton- is a music style
which originated in Puerto Rico
during the late 1990s. It has
evolved from dancehall and is
influenced by American hip hop,
Latin American, and Caribbean
Music. Vocals include rapping and
singing, typically in Spanish.
POPULAR MUSIC
contemporary form of music that
appeals to a very wide audience. It is
commonly found in mainstream radio
stations across a range of countries and
cultures
● King of pop- Michael Jackson
● Ragtime- popular piano tune
originated in New Orleans (Afro-
American)
AFRICAN MUSIC
is used primarily in ceremonial rites, such
as birth, death, marriage, succession,
worship, and spirit invocations. Musical
instruments are mostly made from the
environment and classified according to
use such as Idiophones,
Membranophones, Chordophones,
Lamellaphones and Aerophones.
VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC
• Maracatu - is an Afro-Brazilian
performance genre practice in the state
of Pernambuco, mainly in the cities of
Recife and Olinda. This is traditionally
performed by parading with a drumming
group of 80–100, a singer and chorus,
dancers and stock characters that
behave to imitate the Portuguese royal
court of the Baroque period.
• Blues - is a music genre and musical
form which originated in the Deep South
of the United States around the 1860s by
African-Americans from roots in African
musical traditions, African-American
work songs, and spirituals.
• A call and response is a succession of
two distinct phrases usually written in
different parts of the music, where the
second phrase is heard as a direct
commentary on or in response to the
first.
• Spirituals is a genre of songs
originating in the United States and
created by African Americans. Spirituals
were originally an oral tradition that
imparted Christian values while also
describing the hardships of slavery.
• Soul music - often referred to simply as
soul, is a popular music genre that
originated in the African American
community throughout the United States
in the 1950s and early 1960s. It combines
elements of African-American gospel
music rhythm and blues and jazz.
ARTS
TECHNOLOGY-BASED ART
- essentially computer generated or
manipulated programs
- arts which was done by the use of
applications which can appear in an
entire range of media-whether as a
physical output or virtual experience
SMARTPHONE ART
- digital art with the use of a phone and
different applications
- gives birth to a new art form called
“mobile photography”-uses mobile
phone cameras to capture the
spontaneity of the moments
 MAPEH REVIEWER
2ND QUARTER
(10 - Bell) | Adviser: Ma’am Jocel L. Rioja
IMAGE MANIPULATION PROGRAMS AND
APPLICATIONS
● Pixlr - a powerful, free online
image editor
● Pic Collage - allows you to make
collages incorporating photos,
stickers, text, and frames
● Photo Grid - allows you to make
collages out of the images from
your photo gallery
● Doodle Booth - enables you to
“doodle” on your images using
available stickers
● Photo Booth - for taking photos
and videos using an iPad or iPad
mini
● Magic Mirror Booth - allows you
to take amusing, distorted
images, simulating camera
effects
● PicMonkey - free online photo
editing tool that provides filters,
frames, text, and effects to
manipulate your images
● Flipagram - allows you to “bring
your photos life” in short videos
set to music of your choice
● Picsart - a free photo editor and
drawing application, as well as a
social network for you to share
your art with others
● Snapseed - enables you to
enhance, transform, and share
your photos
● Instagram - a fast and fun
application to share images with
others
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
- a process that uses an electric
device called a “digital camera”
to capture an image.
2 COMMONLY USED CAMERAS IN DIGITAL
PHOTOGRAPHY
● DSLR CAMERA
- “digital single lens reflex”
camera
- a digital camera that gives the
photographer a much more
artistic freedom and control to
select the camera settings to
create the desired final image
● POINT AND SHOOT CAMERA
- “compact camera”, sometimes
abbreviated as “P & S”
- a still camera designed
primarily for simple operation
DIGITAL ART/ COMPUTER ART
- first came on the scene in the
early 1960s. The early
experimenters were not
necessarily artists, but engineers
and scientists who had access to
and experience with the hardware
needed. It was they who began to
recognize the potential of artistic
expression through the
application of scientific and
mathematical principles. Others
even explore the philosophical
relationship between science and
technology and the arts.
ART APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENT MEDIA
TECHNIQUES
Technology - has literally taken
over every aspect of life in the 21st
century
Computer Generated Images or
CGI - made by the use of
computer graphics in creation of
still or animated visual content
 MAPEH REVIEWER
2ND QUARTER
(10 - Bell) | Adviser: Ma’am Jocel L. Rioja
Computer/Digital Arts - came in
the early 1960s, which makes use
of electronic and mechanical
devices, rather than the artist’s
own hand
Pixel Art - form of digital art
created through the use of raster
graphics software
Video Games - kind of digital,
visual, and interactive experience
which relies on player
involvement
GAME ART
- The pivotal point for
games because, it brings
out first impression which
makes it the huge selling
points for games
- Includes the creation of
components in a game
which includes characters,
textures, colors, lighting,
objects, and the
environment
- Is the visual element you
see while playing a game
PIXEL ART
- A form of digital art, created
through the use of raster graphics
software, where images are
edited on the pixel level
- it is also one of the famous game
art styles used in video games
VIDEO GAMES
- Is a kind of digital, visual and
interactive experience where a
group of friend spend their time
during leisure
- Relies on player involvement to
encourage group cooperation
and problem solving
- In creating a video game, it takes
a lot of technical know-how, as
well as a sense of design and art.
6 ELEMENTS OF VIDEO GAMES
● Dynamic Composition -
putting together of
different elements in the
design and development
of video games in order to
achieve a rich emotional
gaming experience
● Character Shape - use of
shape as a conceptual
tool in designing video
game characters
● Character Animation -
fine gesture of character’s
movement while in motion
● Environment Shape -
surrounding of the
character
● Pathways - system of
lines within an
environment that the
characters draw their way
● Player Gestures - creative
control of a player by way
of interaction with the
video game
PE
ACTIVE RECREATION
- means leisure time activities
usually of a more formal nature
and performed with others, often
requiring equipment and taking
place at prescribed places, sites
or fields.
 MAPEH REVIEWER
2ND QUARTER
(10 - Bell) | Adviser: Ma’am Jocel L. Rioja
RECREATIONAL SPORT
- usually perceived as being less
stressful, both physically and
mentally, for the participants.
EXERCISE
- a subset of physical activity that
is planned, structured, and
repetitive and has as a final or an
intermediate objective the
improvement or maintenance of
physical fitness.
PHYSICAL FITNESS
- the capacity of the body to do
activities without undue
exhaustion.
TRACK and FIELD ATHLETICS
- commonly known as athletics or
track and field
- collection of sports events that
involve running, throwing and
jumping.
Track and Field Events
● High Jump - The event in which
athletes try to jump over a high
bar using a long stick to push
them off the ground.
● Podium - A raised area on which
the best three athletes in each
event stand to receive medals.
● Shot put - The event in which a
heavy metal ball is thrown from
the shoulder as far as possible
● Hammer Throw - The event in
which a metal ball joined by a war
to a handle is thrown as far as
possible
● Discuss Throw - The event in
which a heavy plate-shaped
object
● Javelin - A long stick with a
pointed end is thrown as far as
possible.
● Triple Jump - The event in which
athletes try to jump as far forward
as they can in three jumps.
● Long Jump - The event in which
athletes try to jump as they can in
one jump.
● Pole Vault - Athletes try to jump
over a bar supported in two poles.
● Bar - A straight stick made out of
metal, which high jumpers and
pole vaulters try to jump over.
“ATHLETICS”- derived from the Greek
word "athlos" meaning "contest".
● INDIVIDUAL SPORT -a sport in
which participants compete as
individuals.
● TEAM SPORT - any sport where
individuals are organized into
opposing teams which compete
BADMINTON - a racquet sport played
using racquets to hit a shuttlecock
across a net.
- Early on, It was known as POONA
or POONAH
- May be played by a larger group,
but the most common forms are
singles, doubles, mixed doubles.
- Can be both TEAM / INDIVIDUAL
- Developed in British India from the
earlier game of Battledore and
Shuttlecock to win. Team
members act together towards a
shared objective.
BASKETBALL - a sport that is played by
throwing a large ball through an open
net hanging from a metal ring.
 MAPEH REVIEWER
2ND QUARTER
(10 - Bell) | Adviser: Ma’am Jocel L. Rioja
- Invented in December 1891 by the
Canadian clergyman, educator,
and physician James Naismith.
Skills in Basketball
● Dribbling- will allow you to move
up and down the court, maneuver
past defenders and execute
plays.
● Shooting – requires the ability to
properly hold and throw the ball
into the air towards the basket
while avoiding defenders.
● Running – in a full court game,
you will find yourself running back
and forth as the game quickly
transitions between offense and
defense.
● Passing – the ability to pass the
ball to player who’s open for a
shot can make a difference
between scoring and not scoring.
● Jumping – is involved in offense
during the jump ball in the
beginning, while taking shots,
while trying to catch a pass, while
trying to block a shot or a pass
and being able to jump out your
opponent for a rebound.
VOLLEYBALL – is a team sport in which
two teams of six players are separated
by a net and tries
to score points by grounding the ball on
the other team’s court under organized
rules.
Skills in Volleyball
● Serve – used to put the ball in
play.
● Pass – used to receive the ball
from your opponents.
● Attack - can be spike, tip, set or a
hit.
● Block - a defensive play that is
accomplished by front-row
players jumping and pressing
their arms over the net.
● Spike - swinging the ball with
their palm sharply downward into
the opposing court.
● Dig - a defensive bump that
keeps the ball from hitting the
floor.
FITT Principle for Fitness Activities
● FREQUENCY - How often
● INTENSITY - How hard
● TIME - How long
● TYPE - What kind
DANCE - the movement of the body in a
rhythmic way.
Metabolic Equivalents (METs) - ratio of a
person's working metabolic rate relative
to their resting metabolic rate
Eating Disorders- behavioral conditions
characterized by severe and persistent
disturbance in eating behaviors and
associated distressing thoughts and
emotions that can affect physical,
psychological, and social function.
● Anorexia Nervosa - an eating
disorder characterized by self-
imposed starvation to lose and
maintain very low body weight
due to a false/distorted
perception of being fat.
● Bulimia Nervosa - an eating
disorder characterized by a
pattern of binge eating and
purging in an attempt to lose
weight and/or maintain low body
weight.
 MAPEH REVIEWER
2ND QUARTER
(10 - Bell) | Adviser: Ma’am Jocel L. Rioja
● Binge Eating Disorder - an eating
disorder characterized by
uncontrollable episodes of eating
excessive amounts of food within
a relatively short time.
● Emotional Eating - the
consumption of large quantities
of food to suppress negative
emotions.
Health Consequences of Excessive Body
Weight
● High blood pressure
● Type 2 Diabetes
● Congestive heart failure
● obstructive sleep apnea and
respiratory problems
● Poor female reproductive health
(menstrual irregularities)
● Shortened life expectancy
● Decreased quality of life
● Gallbladder diseases
● Stroke
● Gout
● Psychological disorders
(depression, ED, discrimination,
and low self esteem)
HEALTH
HEALTHCARE POLICY- refers to the
decisions, goals, and actions that
determine how care is administered and
accessed
Gateway drugs- may be considered as
windows to committing crimes. These
are drugs “that people use initially that
may eventually lead to the abuse of
illegal drugs” (Galvez Tan, et al., 2009).
Alcohol and tobacco are gateway drugs.
When alcohol is consumed, the central
nervous system is affected. Thus, a
person is more vulnerable to doing
dangerous acts because of depressed
decision-making skills.
REPUBLIC ACTS TO REMEMBER:
RA 8423 - Traditional and Alternative
Medicine Act of 1997
RA 9211 - Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003
RA 7394 - Consumer Act of the
Philippines
RA 10354 - Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health Act
RA 9512 - National Environmental
Awareness and Education Act of 2008
RA 10175 - Cybercrime Prevention Act of
2012
RA 9775 - Anti-Child Pornography Act of
2009
RA 10586 - Anti-Drunk and Drugged
Driving Law/An act penalizing persons
driving under the influence of alcohol,
dangerous drugs, and similar
substances, and for other purposes
RA 8504 - Philippine AIDS Prevention and
Control Act
RA 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002
RA8749- Clean Air Act
ORGANIZATION/ GOVERNMENTS/
AGENCIES
● Department of Environmental
and Natural Resources (DENR)-
Responsible for governing and
supervising the exploration,
development, utilization, and
conservation of the country's
natural resources.
● National Telecommunications
Commission (NTC)- responsible
for the supervision, adjudication
and control over all
telecommunications services and
television and radio networks
throughout the Philippines.
MAPEH REVIEWER
2ND QUARTER
(10 - Bell) | Adviser: Ma’am Jocel L. Rioja
● Department of Trade and ● Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) -
Industry (DTI)- ensure a market shall be the policy making and
that is more receptive to the strategy-formulating body in the
standards of conduct of business
planning and formulation of
and industry, that allows the
policies and programs on drug
efficient distribution of basic
prevention and control.
commodities and the speedy
resolution of consumer concerns. ● National Bureau of Investigation
● Bureau of Internal Revenue (NBI)- undertakes efficient
(BIR)- mandated by law to assess detection and investigation of
and collect all national internal crimes and other offenses against
revenue taxes, fees and charges, the law of the Philippines.
and to enforce all forfeitures,
penalties and fines connected
therewith, including the execution Cybercrime- is any criminal activity that
of judgements in all cases involves a computer, networked device
decided in its favor by the Court or a network. While most cybercrimes are
of Tax Appeals and the ordinary carried out in order to generate profit for
courts.
the cybercriminals, some cybercrime are
● Bureau of Food and Drugs
carried out against computers or devices
(BFAD)- handles the registration
directly to damage or disable them.
of processed foods, drugs,
medical devices, in vitro Types of Cybercrimes:
diagnostic reagents, cosmetics, 1. Harassment
and household hazardous 2. Email and internet fraud/pishing
substance products.
3. Child Pornography & Solicitation
● Securities and Exchange
4. Account Hacking
Commission (SEC)- regulatory
5. Identity theft
agency charged with supervision
over the corporate sector, the 6. Drug Trafficking
capital market participants, and 7. Theft and financial or card
the securities and investment payment data
instruments market, and the 8. Ransomware
protection of the investing public. 9. Stalking
● Philippine Drug Enforcement
10. Online libel or slander
Agency (PDEA) - serves as the
implementing arm of the Board,
and shall be responsible for the
efficient and effective law
enforcement of all the provisions
on any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential
chemical as provided in this Act.