Practical Research

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Archdiocese of Lingayen – Dagupan Catholic School

ST. JOHN’S CATHEDRAL SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dagupan City, Philippines
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Education is the principal means which every nation attains its national
objectives. Its purpose is to nurture the development of each learner so that they
may achieve the most satisfying and contented life of which they are capable to
contribute efficiently to the objectives of nation’s goals. The progress of a nations
also depends mostly on the progress and total success of its people. Our schools
have risen the standards to mold a learner into a great contributor in our country.
Each of them are developed through things that are taught inside the classroom
and applied in the community that would help them attain skills because every
person has the capability to lead everyone in its own way having a clear vision of
what he is pertaining to. The primordial goal of leadership is to provide quality
services for the citizens of the nation. Leaders who can become responsible
individuals who can bring out change in ourselves and in our society. Our society
is governed by some of the most outstanding leaders out there giving an
undergoing constant change in our country for its development and success.
According to John Maxwell (2016) leadership is influence- nothing more,
nothing less. If you have influence, you don’t need fancy position titles, you don’t
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need coercion, and you definitely don’t need to force people to follow you.
Instead, with your influence, you could convince people to follow you. Leadership
just means leading a group of people or an organization. However, most people
see true leadership as something that goes beyond just managing people and
projects. Those people specifically students who possess leadership skills can be
great models of the other students to be looked up to and influence them for the
good of everyone and aim excellence for all. An effective leader is a person with
a passion for a cause that is larger than they are. Someone with a dream and a
vision that will better society, or at least, some portion of it. Also, without passion,
a leader will not make the necessary courageous and difficult decisions and carry
them into actions. This is not to imply that all decisions are of this nature.
Therefore, to equip a man with these kind of knowledge and skills, the
Department of Education (DepEd) must provide the citizens of the nation a
support system for the development of the said skill. The Department of
Education has already released a memo of having a mandatory student
governments in each school here in our country that would help establish an
environment that could provide the students a better place to learn and develop
their leadership skills. Pursuant to DepEd Order (DO) No. 47, s. 2014
entitled Constitution and By-Laws of the Supreme Pupil Government (SPG) and
Supreme Student Government (SSG) in Elementary and Secondary Schools, the

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organization of a student government (SG) aims to establish a representative
body that fosters leadership and promote learner’s welfare and excellence for all.
https://www.deped.gov.ph/2014/12/01/do-47-s-2014-constitution-and-by-laws-of-the-
supreme-pupil-government-and-supreme-student-government-in-elementary-and-
secondary-schools/
The DepEd Order No. 47 provides students the right to relevant quality
services that is conducive to their development as learners. Teachers also play a
huge impact on these student’s development because they are tasked to provide
a conducive learning environment and to facilitate the effective delivery of
learning outcomes. In the Philippines, the acquisition of a quality leadership is
considered as the answer to a large influence of positive impact to others and
just beyond managing people and projects in an institution. It is thought that the
quality of leadership seen by the other students depends on what they see when
these people work together for a one vision and mission.
https://www.deped.gov.ph/2014/12/01/do-47-s-2014-constitution-and-by-laws-of-the-
supreme-pupil-government-and-supreme-student-government-in-elementary-and-
secondary-schools/
Some of the students revealed that the student government are now
lacking in terms of their services due to previous congested terms of the past
student governments that once lead the entire student body in their own schools.
This is the primary reason to claim that the junior high school and senior high
school students today lack in discipline management and maturity. They cannot
enter into the next grade levels if they are still emotionally immature for the grade
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year level applicable with their ages. Other countries likewise, viewed the student
government as efficient in helping the schools provide a better learning
environment where everyone could foster and develop.
https://shareok.org/bitstream/handle/11244/19362/Thesis-1983D-J775e.pdf?
sequence=1
The adoption of being a leader and governing a community could have
affect the mobility of it to function smoothly while objectifying a certain goal to
achieve something and foster with everyone during the processes. A good leader
in today’s period is in demand to lead for the improvement of the quality of the
success of its scoped community to become globally competitive. The quality of
excellent education in schools here in our country doesn’t only cover
academically but also for the mastery of the leadership skills of a learner to be
ready to face the future world and influence others to be like them also. Efforts
have been taken up to improve the quality of student governance in our school
through the enhancement of the programs, upgrading of the standards to be
qualified in leading the other students, and development of the facilities to have
better workplaces through meaningful staff development.
This study is concerned with the student government that they deserve
attention and evaluation just like any other organizations inside our campus.
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Measuring the efficiency of the student government’s leadership is the reason
that the researchers are motivated to undertake this study. The study aims to find
out what is leadership and how those student leaders could influence other
students according to their duties as elected officers that should be the model of
the other students in St. John’s Cathedral School.

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Theoretical Framework
Researchers have come up with leadership theories try to address this
question by mainly focusing on the characteristics of a leader. These theories
reveal behaviors that can adopt to polish skills and become an efficient leader.
Trait Theory. Early research on leadership was based on the psychological
focus of the day, which was of people having inherited characteristics or traits.
Attention was thus put on discovering these traits, often by studying successful
leaders, but with the underlying assumption that if other people could also be
found with these traits, then they, too, could also become great leaders.
McCall and Lombardo (1983) researched both success and failure
identified four primary traits by which leaders could succeed or 'derail' these traits
are emotional stability and composure, admitting error, good interpersonal skills
and intellectual breadth.
This theory is relevant to the study because it focused on analyzing
mental, physical and social characteristic in order to gain more understanding of
what is the characteristic or the combination of characteristics that are common
among leaders.
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Behavioral Theory. Behavioral theories of leadership are classified as such
because they focus on the study of specific behaviors of a leader. According to
Behavioral Theorists, a leader behavior is the best predictor of his leadership
influences and as a result, is the best determinant of his or her leadership
success. Behavioral theories look at what leaders actually do.
According to Ossorio (2006) behavior is describable as an attempt on the
part of an individual to bring about some state of affairs – either to effect a
change from one state of affairs to another, or to maintain a currently existing
one. If success can be defined in terms of describable actions, then it should be
relatively easy for other people to act in the same way.
This theory is relevant to the study because good behavior is needed in
leading an organization or a group of people because what leaders do reflects on
the people arround them good behavior can also promote discipline and good
manners not just in school but also in other places.
Situational Theory. Situational theory of leadership suggests that no single
leadership style is best. Instead, it all depends on the situation at hand and which
type of leadership and strategies are best-suited to the task. According to Paul
Hersey and Ken Blanchard (1969) the most effective leaders are those that are
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able to adapt their style to the situation and look at cues such as the type of task,
the nature of the group, and other factors that might contribute to getting the job
done.
This theory is related to the study because it work on the assumption that
the most effective style of leadership changes from situation to situation. To be
most effective and successful, a leader must be able to adapt his style and
approach to diverse circumstances.

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Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework shows the organization of key concepts
essential in the measurement and analysis of the efficiency level of the student
government in St. John's Cathedral School. The researchers followed the input-
process-output paradigm as an aid for the measurement, analysis, and
evaluation of the proposed study. The input will include the profile of the
respondent in terms of sex, age, and grade level, and the level of efficiency of the
performance of the student government of St. John’s Cathedral School in terms
of promotion of student welfare, conservation of school facilities, and
implementation in school policies.
There are also various department orders issued by the Department of
Education (DepEd) that would aid this study onto its analysis on the efficiency
level of the student government of St. John’s Cathedral School. DepEd Order No.
43, s. 2005 entitled “Standard Constitution and By-Laws of the Supreme Student
Government in Secondary School” has declared the standard principles and
objectives of a student government. The department order also included within its
whole text the rights, duties, and obligations of every student, the powers and
duties of the supreme student government, and also the duties and functions of a
student government officer.
This department order has later been revised and has been issued by
Department of Education within DepEd Order No. 79, s. 2009 entitled “Revised
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Standard Constitution and By-Laws of the Supreme Student Governments in
Secondary Schools”. Another department order that would be of use to this study
is DepEd Order No. 34, s. 2008 entitled “Mandated Thrusts, Programs and
Activities of the Supreme Student Government” that has stated the main focus of
all the mandated thrusts, programs, and synchronized activities of the student
governments of the different schools under the supervision of the Department of
Education.
The process that will be used for the study is the analysis of the data that
will be gathered through survey questionnaires. This study will have organized
regular forums as its expected output. Forums where the student government
could gain insights about the concerted needs of the students.

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INPUT
PROCESS
 Profile of the
Analysis of data gathered
respondents
through survey
 Perception of the
questionnaires
respondents on the level
of efficiency of
performance of the
student government of
OUTPUT
St. John’s Cathedral
Regular forums organized
School
where the student
 DepEd Order No. 43,
government could gain
series 2005
insights about the concerted
needs of the students
series 2009
series 2008
Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

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Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the level of efficiency of performance of the student
government of St. John’s Cathedral School.
Specific:
1. What is the profile of the respondent in terms of;
1.1 Sex;
1.2 Age; and
1.3 Grade Level?
2. What is the perception of the respondents on the level of efficiency of the
student government of St. John’s Cathedral School in terms of:
2.1 Promotion of student welfare;
2.2 Conservation of school facilities; and
2.3 Implementation in school policies
3. What output could be proposed to properly manage the service of student
government?
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Assumption
Student are very satisfied with the service of the Supreme Student
Government.
Scope and Delimitation
This study will determine the level of efficiency of the service of the
student government. The researchers will focus on students of Grade 7 and
Grade 12 of St. John’s Cathedral School during the school year 2019-2020.
It focuses on the efficiency of the student government in our campus in
terms of addressing issues and concerns in school and to asses the student
government if they are still service worthy by promoting learners discipline
managements in the school and being a good leader, a voice of every student,
and a role model for the students.
Significance of the Study
The study which centers on the efficiency level of Student government is
deemed highly significant because the researchers strongly believes that it is
relevant and will benefit the following:

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Students. The students will be able to have an added guide in the school,
aside from their teachers. They will learn to be good leaders in the future and
also can practice more on self-discipline, not only inside the campus but also
outside school premises.
Teachers. This study hopes to help the teachers in guiding the students in
school, and in implementing school rules and regulations. The student
government can help the teachers in handling the students in school, keeping the
environment at peace at least most of the time.
Parents. This study will also benefit the parents of the students because
as time goes by, they will see their sons and daughters grow as an improved
individual in the future.
St John's Cathedral School. This study will show how helpful it is for
students to start learning to be good leaders, and be motivated to lead others as
well, so that in the future they can also use what they have learned in
participating into politics or organizations.

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Other Researchers: This hopes to serve as a credible reference to other
researchers, especially in the same area of the subject. This will serve as a
supplementary reference for future studies and dissertations.

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Definition of Terms
Efficiency. The state or quality of being efficient.
Evaluation. The making of a judgement about the amount, number, or
value of something; assessment.
Foster. Encourage or promote the development of (something, typically
something regarded as good).
Innovations. The action or process of innovating.
Integrity. The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles;
moral uprightness.
Leadership. The action of leading a group of people or an organization.
Nurture. The process of caring for and encouraging the growth or
development of someone or something.
Conservation. prevention of wasteful use of a resource.
Student welfare. encompasses the mental, physical and emotional well-
being of students.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter will present the review of related literature and study for the
present study. The review was undertaken to provide an empirical support to the
conceptual framework of the study. In this chapter tackle the different concept,
understanding and ideas, generalization or conclusions and different related to
study of the enrollment from the past up to present and which serves as the
researchers guide in developing the project. Those that were also included in this
chapter helps in developing the project. Those that were also included in the is
chapter helps in familiarizing information that relevant and similar to the present
study.
Related Literature
This chapter presents the review of related literature for the present study.
The review was undertaken to provide an empirical support to the conceptual
framework of the study. In this chapter tackle the different concept,
understanding and ideas, generalization or conclusions and different related to
study of the enrollment from the past up to present and which serves as the
redearchers guide in developing the project. Those that were also included in this
chapter helps in developing the project. Those that were also included in the is
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chapter helps in familiarizing information that relevant and similar to the present
study.
According to (Neil Dempster et, al. ,2011) in his article “Student and
Youth Leadership” undertakes a select but focused review on student and youth
leadership in schools and elsewhere. It aims at discovering the current state of
our knowledge, using as its focus the point of view of young people themselves
in a research field where it is the adult voice that usually holds sway in studies
that are commonly for, rather than with young people. The review first examines
recent and relevant literature related to leadership by students in schools,
followed by the discussion of a number of studies of youth leadership in sport. To
sum up, it is apparent from the review of studies selected from school and sports
environments that these organizations have been shown to assist young people
in skill development; in making improvements in leadership behaviours such as
taking charge and providing emotional support in moving beyond self-serving
behaviours to serve others through peer acceptance and friendships in
furthering their commitment to school and community involvement and social
connectedness. The review then attends to the various ways in which youth
voice is being accessed and for what purposes. It concludes that young people’s
voice on leadership is in need of a hearing. This article is contemporary relevant
because it is similar to the present study that the students or youths are the one
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who leads and gives a definite suggestions for its administration, procedures,
organization and activities for the reformation and improvement of the school.
And it also tackles how to assist young people in developing their skills to make
their leadership behaviours improved. Student leaders understand leadership to
be and the situations or circumstances in which they say they see and
experience it themselves.https://core.ac.uk/display/143858462?source=3.
It is connected to the article of (Megan Matthews, 2015) titled
“Student Leadership Development” because it discusses Leadership education.
He said that this is crucial component of student development, And there are
many skills and competencies included in leadership development. Student
leadership development (SLD) and education provides students with
opportunities to demonstrate and develop their leadership skills at a young age.
There is currently an argument for combining student leadership development
opportunities into the formal education model. To explore the changing
landscape of leadership education, He conducted a literature review in order to
provide working definitions, the importance and history of SLD, examples of
institutions providing leadership education programs, and how a educators might
engage in leadership education. This article is relevant to the present study
because it also discussed how can a students developed their leadership skills.
They aim to influence and mold other students to be leaders of change and to be
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vigilant active citizens in their respective community as a whole that they will
positively take part, and not to be passive in addressing problems and issues.
https://core.ac.uk/display/148753673.
Similarly to the article of (Richard F Bowman, 2014) titled Learning
leadership skills in high school He also said that Leadership is learnable and it
begins with leading oneself. According to him Leadership is inspirational—it
inspires in others the sustainable values that guide their pursuit of success and
significance in life. He enumerated the operating currency of leadership in a
morally interdependent world, this are the Inspiration, transparency, trust,
reputation, purpose, and commitment. He states that the most powerful form of
human influence is inspiration. Inspiring and nurturing the world's future leaders
in a secondary-school setting merits being an educator's highest priority and
most lasting legacy. Leadership is no longer just for formal leaders. This is
Relevant to the present study because it a talks about leaders in high school and
how should they learn to do their service to become worthy for other students
who they serves and how will they inspire others to be responsible students like
them. https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?
q=bowman+2014+leadership&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart#d=gs_qab
s&u=%23p%3DzMknLg0e5tIJ
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Last but not the least, the article of (Evgenij M. et, al. ,2016) titled “Impact
of Student Government Bodies on Student’s Professional Development” this is
more likely to the present study because the purpose of this article is to develop
a model for setting up a functioning student government body, to present the
results of implementing the given structural-functional model, to study the
positive effect of the student government body on the professional development
of students, as well as on the integration of formal and non-formal education.
specifies the basic conditions for effective work of the student government body,
examines the positive impact of the student government body on the professional
development of students, investigates the influence of the student government
body on the integration of formal and non-formal education. The model is aimed
at increasing the impact of student government on the effectiveness of
professional development at the university; it is also oriented towards the
development of non-formal education environment of the university. The
conclusion of the article is that this model makes it possible to engage more
students in the process of self-government, as a consequence, the majority of
students are informed about the non-formal education and educational activities
of the university. Moreover, the development of the student government bodies
has a positive impact on students' confidence in the possibility of steady
employment upon graduation, as well as a positive effect on the overall

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assessment of the university. Students are increasingly seen as a source of
innovative solutions, business activity and new personnel for public
administration, it is therefore important to involve students in the process of self-
government to effectively shape a wholly developed personality of the future
manager. By engaging in the process of self-government, students begin to see
the problems from within the university, they cease to be simply external
observers, many of them start trying to find ways of solving the local problems.
This involvement allows students to make a contribution to the life of their
university and make it better, thus students are no longer just consumers of
services, they become inventors, creators of new events, traditions, projects. The
functioning model of student government makes it possible to take into account
the opinion of the students when scheduling and planning sporting, cultural and
educational events, which in turn makes these events more interesting for the
target group - for the students. This article is relevant because in the present
study student government also serves as the voice of every student in every
aspect regarding with school issues and concerns. Also to know the effect of the
student government body on the professional development of students in
campus.
https://www.iejme.com/download/impact-of-student-government-bodies-on-
students-professional-development.pdf.
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Related Studies
Foreign:
In the opinion of Spencer Scruggs (2014) The study “Student government
leadership in the 21st century: its importance and why it must be supported.”
aims to explore why Student Government Associations are so important in the
context of shared governance at a higher education institution and on the
individual. Furthermore, the study explores how supportive advisors and
university administrators can add to the effectiveness and success of the mission
of Student Government Associations. The research additionally focuses on how
both of these concepts, in various forms, contribute to certain institutional
cultures that support or ignore the importance of students. Using both current
literature and the lived experiences of student government leaders and advisors,
all evidence will lead to the final outcome of a proposed set of learning and
developmental objectives. These include but are not limited to guidelines on
support from advisors, support from the institution itself and how to better
prepare leaders of Student Government Associations to face the challenges they
will face from their institutions.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d222/f37760d01e29a58e9e6304eb4a8e45d67af
b.pdf
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In accordance with Kinyua Charles, 2015 “Factors Influencing
Effectiveness of Students’ Councils in Public Secondary Schools in Kirinyaga
East Sub-Country, Kenya” The purpose of this study was to identify the various
factors influencing effectiveness of students’ councils in public secondary schools
in Kirinyaga East Sub-County, Kenya. Five research questions were formulated
to guide the study. Research question one sought to find how the students’
councils election process influence the effectiveness of students’ councils,
research question two sought to find out how training of students’ councilors
influence the effectiveness of students’ councils, research question three sought
to assess how students’ councils’ size influence the effectiveness of the students’
councils, research question four sought to find out how school size influence the
effectiveness of students’ councils and the last research question sought to
assess the influence of principals’ administrative experience on the effectiveness
of students’ councils.
http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/90798/Kinyua_Factors
%20influencing%20effectiveness%20of%20students%E2%80%99%20councils
%20in%20public%20secondary%20schools%20in%20Kirinyaga%20East
%20Sub-County%2C%20Kenya.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
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According to Nephtali Martinez, 2018 The study “A Study on Shekinah
Learning School Junior High Satisfaction Rate of Supreme Student Government
Performance S.Y. 2017- 2018 : Basis in Developing Leadership Program” is
worth pursuing and we believe that we need to study about this because with
this, students, teachers, the SSG and administration may determine if the Junior
high school students are satisfied to the performances and services of the
Supreme Student Government. Also, the student body will benefit in this study
because they can voice out their views and suggestions about the performance
and services of the Student Government. Additionally, this study can give
information to the Administration if the Student Government is competitive and
active and is fulfilling their job and roles as the student body which is super
headed by the school administration of Shekinah Learning School.
https://www.academia.edu/35056370/Chapter_1_thesis
Local:
The study “Effectiveness of the Performance of the Student Government
of North Luzon Philippines State College” according to Severino G. Alviento
(2018) is anchored upon salient factors such as the perceptions of the students
and student leaders on the effectiveness of performance of the Student
Government of North Luzon Philippines State College. Student leaders could be
benefited by the study for they shall be provided with a massive insight of how
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the Student Government operates. Since they are prospective leaders of the
college, they may be able to determine which programs and projects could
provide a better impact to students’ welfare. For the school administrators,
personnel and faculty members, they shall be illuminated with the real scenario
of how student leaders work for the welfare of their constituents. They shall get a
deeper understanding of the situations prompted by the student leaders in the
campus; thereby helping them in some aspects of their academic lives. For the
students, this study would provide the needed information as to how effective the
Student Government is in ushering programs and projects which redound to their
welfare. Based on the foregoing findings, the following conclusions were
formulated: The Student Government, as to some extent, is doing its role in the
college in making the students aware of their political rights. It is just that they
need to hold regular leadership training seminars so that the students, especially
the student leaders, could adequately learn how to become more mature and
effective leaders. It should play the role of a facilitator to the administration or to
any other student organizations whenever necessary.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1186005.pdf
As explained by Mekmack A. Nartea, et. Al, 2016 “Impact of Leadership
Skills on the Student Organizational Performance of PUP – Paranaque Campus
S.Y. 2015-2016” The main objective of this research is to identify the impact
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of leadership skills on the student organizational performance in PUP-
Paranaque Campus. The researchers examined the relationship between
the dependent variable which are performance of the students’
organizations and the impact of leadership skills in organizational
performance and the independent variables namely the profile of
respondents and leadership skills. The researchers used the data from the
variables as the input of this research. As shown on the research
paradigm below, the expected outputs are the identification of the impact
of leadership skills on students’ organizational performance and the
organizational performance itself. Further, this research intends to help the
different leaders of the student organizations to know the different areas that
need to be improved in leading the organization.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326264702_Impact_of_Leadership_Skil
ls_on_the_Student_Organizational_Performance_of_PUP-
Paranaque_Campus_SYImpact_of_Leadership_Skills_on_the_Student_Organiz
ational_Performance_of_PUP-Paranaque_Campus
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Synthesis
This part of the Chapter 2 aims to generate new knowledge by combining
and comparing the results of multiple studies on a given topic.
According to Severino G. Alviento (2018) “Effectiveness of the
Performance of the Student Government of North Luzon Philippines State
College” this study is relevant to our topic because it described the same profile
of the respondents. The findings of the study synthesized here are highly
relevant to our topic because it studies how effective the performance of the
student government in their school, while ours aims to know how efficient student
government is in our school. Its similarities is to both speak to a successful effort,
one in the directly clarity of the task performance, and the other the direct
success or degree of success the results of the task shows.
As reported by Spencer Scruggs (2014) “Student Government
Leadership in the 21st century: Its Importance & Why it must be supported”
this study is relevant to our topic because it collected experiences and
perceptions of students. Both of our studies want to improve the leadership in our
school.
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According to Nephtali Martinez (2018) “A Study on Shekinah Learning
School Junior High Satisfaction Rate of Supreme Student Government
Performance S.Y. 2017- 2018: Basis in Developing Leadership Program”
this study is relevant to our topic because the respondents are students and it
gives information, data and statistics of students’ satisfaction regarding their
performances and services.

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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This portion presents the research design, population and sample, data
gathering techniques and instrument and statistical treatment of the data.
Research Design
The researcher used descriptive method of research in the measurement
of the level of effenciency of the student governtment in the St. John's Cathedral
School.It focused on how efficient student governmnet is the effect of the student
government to high school students depend how the student government
organization managed the welfare of the students and the school. They are the
one who keeps the peace, balance and discipline in the school so if the student
government officers have no capability to keep the peace balance and discipline
in the school they are not effective leaders without them no one will discipline
the students because not all the teachers and staff can handle a hundreds or
thousands of students no one will voice out all the student body student
government is also the voice of all students !the student government officers are
the student connection to the management of the school if there will be a
meeting the student government will be their representative and stand up for the
entire student the effect can be good and bad.

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The student government teaches the student how to choose and vote the
right leader.The out put of this study was to improve the government
efficiency,and enhance their leadership skills in St. John Cathedral School.
Sources of Data
This part will tackle the locale of the study and population sampling.
Locale of the Study
The researchers will conduct the study at St. John’s Cathedral School in
the school year 2019-2020. It is the one of the oldest Catholic School in
Dagupan, tracing its roots to 1957 when the school was founded. It remained a
Catholic institution through various generations, offering primary and secondary
education. The Saint John's Cathedral School offers programs in the elementary
and secondary levels. It is located at Zamora St, Downtown District, Dagupan,
Pangasinan.
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Figure 2: Map showing St. John’s Cathedral School

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Population Sampling
The population of this study are 220 selected students from the grades 7
and 12, that will serve as the respondents of the study. The technique used to
identify the respondents for this study was the random sampling method.
Table 1 shows the result of the random sampling of the respondents coming from
St. John’s Cathedral School
Table. 1 Distribution of Student-Respondents
Grade & Section No. of students in class Total number of

respondents needed
7 - Abraham 44 20
7 - Joshua 40 20
7 - Isaac 39 20
7 - Jacob 37 20
7 - Moses 33 20
7 - Aaron 34 20
12 – St. John Chrysostom 28 15
12 – St. Hilary of Poitiers 31 15
12 – St. John Paul II 27 15
12 – St. Therese of Avila 17 15
Total: 180
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Instrumentation and Data Collection
The main data gathering instrument will be researcher-made
questionnaire checklist. Part l is focused on the questionnaire for profile
The part ll is focused on the questionnaire for the level of efficiency of
student government.
Part lll was the effect of the student government on each student in terms
of their beautification of school facilities.
Part lV is the effect of SSG towards respondents.
The items in the questionnaire were formulated by the researchers and
was adopted from his readings which was presented to the panel members
during the proposal defense. Suggestions were incorporated in the final draft of
the questionnaire.
The researchers personally administered the questionnaire to the school.
After one week, the researchers retrieved the copies from the respondents to
ensure 100 percent retrieval.
Procedure for Data Collection
The researchers took the permission from the school authority after which
the questionnaires are administered on the student. Students were informed
about the purpose of the study and what was required on them in order to ensure
adequat1e and truthful responses. After completion, the questionnaires were

35
returned to the researchers. Information given by the respondents were treated
with almost confidentiality.
Tools for Data Analysis
This kind of problem is raised to be statistically treated. This problem was
based on the status of grade 7 and 12 point of view of how they see the work of
Supreme Student Government of Saint John Cathedral School fulfill the task that
assigned to them.
The data gathered on the study will be analyzed using the different
statistical treatments.
In Problem 1, frequency and percentage count, is the statistical method
used in answering the question raised with regards to the demographic profile of
the respondents with reference to their age, gender, grade level and their
section.
The frequency and percentage were determined with the use of the
following formula: % = f x 100
n
Where: % - percentage of the respondents

36
f – frequency of the respondents
n – total number of the respondents
In Problem 2, the common problems encountered along the school
facilities were derived from the result and were interpreted using the Average
Weighted Mean and 3-point Likert scale that is presented below.
The AWM was computed by multiplying the numbers in the data set by the
weights they are under, adding the results up, and then by dividing the sum by
the number of the population.
The formula is: x = Σx

n
Where:
Σ = sum of all values represented by x
X = represent each value
n = number of value
37
Results from Problem 2 were described per level by using the mean 3-
point Likert Scale presented below.
Mean Range Scale Descriptive Equivalent Verbal Interpretation
2.61 – 3.40 3 Very Satisfactory (VS) It means that the respondents are
satisfied with the situation at a very
high level.
1.81 – 2.60 2 Satisfactory (S) It means that the respondents are
neutral with the factors or situation.
1 – 1.80 1 Poor (P) It means that the respondents are
dissatisfied with the situation at a very
low level.
In Problem 3, the level of the service of the supreme student government
was derived from the result after using the constructed questionnaire, interpreted
using also the Average Weighted Mean (AWM)
Results here were described per level by using the mean 5-point Likert
Scale presented below:

38
Mean Range Scale Descriptive Equivalent Verbal Interpretation
2.61 – 3.40 3 Very Satisfactory (VS) It means that the respondents are
satisfied with the situation at a very
high level.
1.81 – 2.60 2 Satisfactory (S) It means that the respondents are
neutral with the factors or situation.
1 – 1.80 1 Poor (P) It means that the respondents are
dissatisfied with the situation at a very
low level.
Ethical Considerations
As responsible researchers, the liability to safeguard the interests and
well-being of the respondents is an important matter. This research preserved
the dignity of the respondents by omitting all possible forms of discrimination in
the text that may harass their rights and identities.

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1

Archdiocese of Lingayen – Dagupan Catholic School

contribute efficiently to the objectives of nation’s goals. The progress of a nations

what he is pertaining to. The primordial goal of leadership is to provide quality

is governed by some of the most outstanding leaders out there giving an

According to John Maxwell (2016) leadership is influence- nothing more,

just means leading a group of people or an organization. However, most people

Department of Education (DepEd) must provide the citizens of the nation a

Education has already released a memo of having a mandatory student

entitled Constitution and By-Laws of the Supreme Pupil Government (SPG) and

Supreme Student Government (SSG) in Elementary and Secondary Schools, the

organization of a student government (SG) aims to establish a representative

services that is conducive to their development as learners. Teachers also play a

a conducive learning environment and to facilitate the effective delivery of

learning outcomes. In the Philippines, the acquisition of a quality leadership is

considered as the answer to a large influence of positive impact to others and

these people work together for a one vision and mission.

government as efficient in helping the schools provide a better learning

environment where everyone could foster and develop.

The adoption of being a leader and governing a community could have

affect the mobility of it to function smoothly while objectifying a certain goal to

success of its scoped community to become globally competitive. The quality of

excellent education in schools here in our country doesn’t only cover

through the enhancement of the programs, upgrading of the standards to be

better workplaces through meaningful staff development.

Measuring the efficiency of the student government’s leadership is the reason

the other students in St. John’s Cathedral School.

Researchers have come up with leadership theories try to address this

question by mainly focusing on the characteristics of a leader. These theories

Trait Theory. Early research on leadership was based on the psychological

McCall and Lombardo (1983) researched both success and failure

and intellectual breadth.

This theory is relevant to the study because it focused on analyzing

mental, physical and social characteristic in order to gain more understanding of

what is the characteristic or the combination of characteristics that are common

Behavioral Theory. Behavioral theories of leadership are classified as such

because they focus on the study of specific behaviors of a leader. According to

Behavioral Theorists, a leader behavior is the best predictor of his leadership

influences and as a result, is the best determinant of his or her leadership

success. Behavioral theories look at what leaders actually do.

According to Ossorio (2006) behavior is describable as an attempt on the

part of an individual to bring about some state of affairs – either to effect a

change from one state of affairs to another, or to maintain a currently existing

one. If success can be defined in terms of describable actions, then it should be

relatively easy for other people to act in the same way.

This theory is relevant to the study because good behavior is needed in

leading an organization or a group of people because what leaders do reflects on

manners not just in school but also in other places.

Situational Theory. Situational theory of leadership suggests that no single

the most effective style of leadership changes from situation to situation. To be

approach to diverse circumstances.

The conceptual framework shows the organization of key concepts

process-output paradigm as an aid for the measurement, analysis, and

performance of the student government of St. John’s Cathedral School in terms

of promotion of student welfare, conservation of school facilities, and

implementation in school policies.

There are also various department orders issued by the Department of

Government in Secondary School” has declared the standard principles and

student government officer.

Standard Constitution and By-Laws of the Supreme Student Governments in

governments of the different schools under the supervision of the Department of

could gain insights about the concerted needs of the students.

 DepEd Order No. 34,