bis elaonshi 0 social inequality an the dominance of be prince can Pe eeetht hens of Labs Compl by Casa play te comic acre aight Labetoeapened dremel as a San de whom Pi eee gged by wip sod beating 2 bs rea. He ied, NOpKGtnum, we lne eur berg" He flowed this fine edit wee Beet hwenee shay he master whom many fee” (Poco, Tet peed! Nees et mus times, quem el Ges tanta tow lat wore all he sdience sone arias, ‘eres turned the laces ad thee Caesar, nlc a Was Fare ee act of eesti poten) tht was bing a rls i eog fie” (Macobiany Strabo 2.75). Thi ‘ring to Macros, was Labera’ reves A ee aking on 2 perc deforms, desing Tie beaten lave, ori ladle atacuonof sara and power-andhs own dep creeettomof sans Neverle even whieh acento the oof cere deed by hesl and low Raman, he pen aac this ates ifereiasn by sein equality of ower. I delaring hat "SSSR far may whom many fen Labesu inst om 2 at Ba cer rcs Acording to Snes, hee fous word of Laer, BS SLi be ma of cll way “aug the ear of th oe people re etaan had teen pret tothe peoples voce”: “Laberanus Me ‘ng medio cl bl theta due om i pops non Tie cver, qunm si mutes ext vox popull alee” (De ira nape Ke monster and the mocking mic are elated to poll an soi ‘huss niin "physic of ey.” To the extent tat Rone Had be tea hy sical and eagmensry carla whichbiearchy was Sate cliborte and ore cay hypontatied sl inthe de- paar lb wes sho ely, the nega o 2 neation See ae Sts enn opment Rie al Me ai cm” 3h a.m ee FIVE ENVY (PART TWO) “Teneo sam bcos th een of ey (nm Derepae La88 ‘Deere fee sd ey re snr “Seed coded (tiny, pte 9337 IIE DEFORMED sara Vain ke Rigoletto was as much he ‘arp asthe our o abuse (acy Amales 1-4)? 28 ‘Volar asthe tend ist of Jrion be ws ying ole the Romans ofan spare of fro tat of the dro. If te deror tosh mime the sesond mime fi secandaro party, mi Iron ders) wash offedouet, “tone who Bs Greasy [eames pes ofthe ine fone a osed to Kncls" Miot tbo, banda ciismen” (Carmen 8,85, in Petroloie Grae vol rte 383) Jbanaes Chysonomas rele othe slapping on 20 ese nang a epee! yn ne Tuten rae aS mon ce a aa” wh erm eer soidactnionidtase ma ‘55 mmr mt er ih oe nin Guinean ahr te een pens 8“ capone 429: "ninn inh” al Ce ei a Avo pts 738 lane en ‘Serpe npc nt inn i tn i i elem at Ar cactm monn Rk ortee” and lls hw the i fol“ ashamed ithe i ot ace in EREAR ota demos (damass bap” Spurs cde aetna an cpcram Mavtal Tamene a the face of » diner guest "was ‘Ethed with more noe than whee Laur smacks the chexp wots FETE Pineal 2.72)" Epgrm 5.61 Maria quetons an a ae ena Maras concn th crip (opi or prety bo) ‘tins orver cing fo his wit: "Ob, Malas, bow you dese he Pees of aout ow wl be the ocxsoe, fanc, to Fanaicass™ Te sonatas spi arta une eeconclale with det comity tos the one have dscased in he st chapter. Th Paar the lovened maior ofthe ders, the deo as see om bor prev. The preps of the i wars andthe monarchy eaten tongresog te crim ordnon brough to lay 8 EPG" compondng te Rene Gord's "Saeical Cras a colpse lth sensu commana cre sytem of xorg nd oerng” I Gia lom ofa senor commen Heat, and a sort of prsne cil ELLs cower he mona, and espe hi vara th grotegie Tepe ong the principal ad mor eflcive saci decors sap ipegoatseequted to peserve the "Roman They were the resp Tee Sy ofthe lows se se deformsty ss Brosdet ene a monies spawned by sng the feneton of oe tng cut, the morse tha zed fom equaly had the fonction of cg sino The fs nonsers stack down te aboo 20d the ‘Shovel the second expat me eansressons, Enbodinea of huss “Surepsentines of soc, he step were yes fhe scape Sree ie the rancor een i ice ‘RTE ership el er 570 sett ae Ras pepe Soy? ‘esti isp 0th yor bn in “8 am Sn pn ot cram cg Pile a eee ae oe oa ts eps les Pa er hin rca, pin ey te Sg Sana cer ce snr peso ve nem EuShererwmsarerse ten onde tes “The alee who ives away vl maya th same ime be made to ake “pon hima e aumulaed eno his people He sy be singled SPT pbormaton a sapegst and be ceremonially beaten aod xed i coca “The Saturnalia ut of Bounds 1a Li's Satis 2) he eign of Keon mie seen days [Akerward beret to beng avec person and one of ho pol. “But ‘ag be sever day Rronerhave speed ett conduct ay busines ‘are ot eve io pon, Whee may’ do drink aod be drunk, Thou ply gates and de poi maser of he revel, feast hese ‘ans Sng ar nak ap and shake, spd sometimes eh pes sb Tews old water wih my face meted th sat" “Troughowt the vay Kenan rpetediy emphasis the reiy and Fenton of regs Michael Sade Becsten compares Hore’ Sx trae 3? a0 Diderot Le Neen de Raman ‘ihe are] Des awed hse ck sat, oh ‘Uber emma es sly mpc pnd, ot perm ely dhe. Doon the Sara, of he charac, ate sk ‘Sve ce mun dfn pens oth adm whos oper coon upc ae porte inal has prescribed boundries fr the overthrow of bounds Sat reap oth shel tng in arance orang them. ‘Slay wi the hearse wu ranted tthe stage, bu even those eRndiag the spat to Tella found them acess only pro- "Rn Toro 7 8; les Me 1 Re Gr Ce can in 39129] we ey per a cps on athe a . tonto ergy hepa ra) He ens pp Kron Siptns‘anears sheetedvided tht they peered the fst ofthe gods and were nied 0 tee cee inc Cam tempore es loo" (De petal 1.1, “Caran dae ee athe appled cyto oor pay sothathar we do nox wily eRe rerytng adc ay by ur pleasures all in some espas Seto De efits 128.108.» So Maca famous ci, eo ceniou but ny eile (asciaestanbis asia, a Eh, abu lea for Stason fedom fo bi ep Perry dese of ta fed on the wounds that is ined Fe oniosFses for ndulgence shaved on hi observance of Titaon™ nian cai une in poplin gained ine, Deeining with ead ncetsng to btween he and seven ays. Content PERDUE Se mutesand he evodard who sed 0 ni thee ae eStry ome te cain” asarped the ag ving off SES phe call he eho thea, te uadsonl comedy and Te eashermote th sr cael to leave his sharp toque ond Tae havo Bell nto core ofthe Aen (he oe Fein er he ecurn and een che ble particpted withour infany) a Ovid and Maral ether ating or wating forte sag, me had (eg, Trine) 17-19) For enn tseeed anf the ie Saari ard helenae ofthe hee ad anos ther Feceeee Sead cemed ie beste exeions tha proved the rl.” Se eel Co 16 ngs of Sao a seg lei nin ns Cae Set re hina hans steenk De amen De Cam Defra Cun Silene ww daetoncs ne re rackets: ithe Ter ant ii me erence gp nnn th De ae et a arte cae fi nk a enn Seen team TEI ama, al 28308 78 sek De te kr me etl Sats pine cn ent cera Faience atari Sates a toca ttn Eveyling sh te no of spears ere Fics bre te Seuals aay bane da Tce Sandner mentee ho “Ther eon forth foros i tolerable to be mad once aye” ‘Born ene conpli hi monszue goes the Capito al yar Tong “The Rage for Order How don ng eel nd wa, ‘rt Nan, Te P| “The Romans dep tse dtincions They equally ented the ab- ‘act of lnsncoons, Toe ere of hs pend ssatsraed with com ‘Beto a proper coinanaon ar not being bred Cicero, inthe atte Meds the rst ers who doesnot ese is Peer caries closed on te Atlan face, He ata he See scar for cdclingerecying and anything, incing me eo tut bounds an kits Livy complains that the Reese eee thesw hos ected oinenity (7.2.13, amd Horace laments the Siceive epenceson of te Racine Episuae 2.19958) seroma aa a se ee aces eet Soames cea Soper tent ar etagertie Seopa coe eee ingen ari es af ee Serene na! panned ace ye te‘When the shocking di note ois own rerio, ene for many, toe caari Say, onstrcred and which oa os oscaom malice and Evy ae erly structured and Mera (Sona Slee remarsyTo deste the ume digs and rjc the ‘Sime things indeed i Sm eup."™ Bar wating te same ‘hing la shrgenel compete cory & produced what Cleo cle + emus sbiois na” (va Sulla), "Desng the sume hing” in otrthe berisfendship ad ee source of malic because the deed "Rings cant be ies one ule kes om the ote "To wan he ‘eit hing ich ought wo bare been the Bond of ove ith xs of ‘ellion sed hated What you dae i signify, but besrose ‘amnr be waned wo one wiht beng stolen from another, po- ‘Shes thse desing the sae tings octet 2nd sue” Sens, Des 334, ‘George Fost, in is importan arte “The Anatomy of Evy” find “osteny scataceratc os wotdview whic emphnses the os of ‘Matos another" The Roman “pais fied” cor Tepond very well to Ft "noosa gas” the amen which the Feeunc oor nel athe misfortune of tothe Prat ann be made ‘Sibouc low sien” sxodig to the mime water Pubs Sus [Ptocrum sn damao ste er no potest" (397)>" When the ibe hardworting fein Cais Foras Gesinue was posperos ‘Sle thse fh ighbors were notte avins neighbor aes bi Trorea Ronan maga the cussed of cacming hel crops nto Bf (ny the flr, Miso warrals 18A.41—43), "The eno fman" according to Horace, "rows tin on the plenty of another nln Coe fran. 6° a, Sr Pe Sioa ieee aa eon ececmm memati Se eld Cad apn 2 an Se 1 St Eo Ree Seria ieee Spam cet ee game non in "1 Compare enc’ "ext avert viii 73 (eps 1257-59) Tas “aeosum game can ao be headin Sen- (eo remaks on stated ambition: ‘hap oy ed es: ra ey dst dein Cee ey thm ce aban Foc eon he ee anne an camplng fh p, ees cmb 3 Fae a cy aise ul (De ral ‘ecco ba espns fc cng sett The i tcl cron two fonts bed ore tipmme tan Fe ye mae se the cinpton ad dis cor em eaves Sp et an anf ont sven *d sce ero eps One se ed ego rote he or of“ Tes ie ean anon eyo Se er tenon of ta cl by ee we ee mn lo thor re" The SEEMS cata get oe peared ee Sear ple wer oat wim cn Se ec nel ower bol he wit Popo tn che daria he a Re ee Dae ier rl sna conn mab whte rons wal) made eon seston one pen mead ew ote ee Hand gnc oo tine by MG SSeRNEASS Tae ot he Yo hn ferencethat be name of coral conferred more eny thn presige (Pro Sul 23 a Lords of Misule “Theft po make Serial yong (Tent Sorin 4" tn Snes Apocolagmtosi an anientifisbe dey discae wth Her ‘ei thc poten of aking te dead Claus ico apd: “Even ha he ‘ugh ts bene rom Str, whose mont he, most Satrmalan of ‘oh raed al ear lng he wold not have caine’ 1° (8. As ERT icine pons ot in "Claud: Somalis Prive” Caux Sea E Nec onycharscteted by hi love of sx fod, ink ab year ery tulrton Seto Claud 32-53), and by hs tortion of ‘PlyeotheStuonla (Dlo 60.258, bu ays depied in Tacs and ‘conan by bit tbmizioe othe wayward wives and feedmen. ho SSETTE eden won gl co ie of characte Clus’s ‘frmeas Cos waste rex stuonon ta Sana that meee nde ‘isodios was ao lone ofthe emperors te very symbols a6 fen sh authors of excess dain, to be branded patrons of adie (hee shnee of exoronsen he powell ete ex of esti= Sons om tr bet cts a nero (Cicero, De repli 142 SGPED2G) the enor and enforce of i socal dsinctions tbe ‘ekspcoeangesor of them. Sully the wanton ordre, ws te au esis fx Comal de sare ents (Seneca, De provietia T3724) Livy's penn Appi Claas under whou epithe aw of efedhc Tle was pe orig menage bxween pain sae cba wat pepe to atcaly degrade to davery the pede ‘Seema ame na ot a ron eon heen Sean ing kp 6) bi a Src nonin area nn ted pio ee pen Serer peta a8 nba en eon esc wep mayen we Se ican shown ‘Vii, in onde tht e might wate her with puny. Apis he Tage i Apis the man woot ies. TAT olla those oer ave parlans of juice, the emperors tackles’ Ar Jah alle demonstats in ber arch Per (ee Guncs and the Chango Image of Agusta” Aupstos wore st Tee cette same in th oar of oda rorya the rea roe Austr henotocos rade s Angst the ake ser eins A John Dik pone ot Aussi care steno rage and seas of he oe figroay exci eed om (Behl and yee we keow tht the sae dele Toran aces was his Peeett dane companion Domitian, the ender ofthe vigity of BEVEL ew protigay he man who eifres he ex Rosle ae eee ithe grand od indurninaeSturoaia* Tae pair 2A ine arent of Sortonr' peal ora els hs Ro- rae sion ose te faa he enbodmen and PopSet oth these erent sol denis, Festival without End “hone ei wt ching ted Tone ‘enn oe 48-897" In this wove, eclebration becomes a toement, 2 party. one cannot TEae tne natn bier ster Romans Weep now! For wher the "i car wor nor and the dain of Cacia o Pompey eaied, peur tore ejoce-"Now you have he power to amen while ‘Bo rene ofthe chefs emai undecideds when one othe eter ‘Sn oe preva you mi cebrate™ (lio ce 240-42)” The nvr ee inte pa Sant oe a comes oct seed ag nan A ‘Crus eso orig who Sanwa of deci on, * tetas eta a SESE cette“cicero” of delamation ees to bg Antony fr his ie. you ive by oot of Aeon, protest wi you be ie even th” Seneca Rito, Suasorse 64) "Ta eal pon was ato 2 metaphor. The emperor Neo, wile on tou chet te dor of the theatres where he perionmed aowing 3B eeke ie fo any esos. Eakausted wih stening ane appli, ‘Pocuorsjnped om the mal r tage death node 0 be cared eeefthcultoriom (Nero 23.2} At gladavoral exibition, provided Tea var ln bs, Calipla ws wont to have the protective ‘Reg fle bck an to eb anyone te eve comping te a3d Snore wach decaying sia, worbless” and aged anos, and ‘is betwen pts amano with marked elites thus deeply 8 SBSy iedng he audience (Gate 265, Diels his ory about omiin:orhewph a ean in and Wolene son sndenly atone, be Tein oe eee te pecan hose nsf hanged nto tick tronics cores, he mould not allow tbe oes to chang he aire, ‘Sermany felsic and il” (6783), las berated Pstor bas ro coie but wo put onthe west and one Spero who bas ust ccerd his eo De a 2.33.3-6) Ib {Bi Samana ito none compel vo plac “Every mea it ‘Tiga at he abe of ing” ase Harpe, pawig 0 his hi ‘uta bone te servant of teenth declares, sb pepe Bem ate banque of king an the fer fhe deat oes (Dera sass. “sx ten ar iL ne? Pps 26 SEIEPITITEENE 2g em a line en USB Mr tos Va plone 7 he SESRESIORS ER tte 4 mtn, Aon sn Semen fale es Macon oe yh Sates rr eo oe = exam uni al al Pane Se bn hep ok [iallaceermaigScnprremacybdew a a tote ahaa Fences ainsi Zhe aoae eae =e “The tran abewoof the wa ofl ase al presides over the eal steliion of dictons. Doings lg o orn 33 G2, ideas TRS Rome wir the cous of tov be has ordered puc to death fot te yt Scran hemmed ly, eared or ln eps of Say ce the Hlnsous wih the Obscure” (ncutinmenss ‘ager ses arte ise nobis, gers a Sep ‘ot Fhacim damales 619)" Acorn Dio's deception, Neos rai gor and omamental dase f 6c ena oe caly aaa eding bat promis ating: heave wos pies fe eign Gb the mines intoe presence ofthe mas, and tbe gladiator volte ‘Berle gil ore the eer fer athe (62.19). Saad bechamel of Vero, ecovdog oh indignant adc fecbore youn acon and pests el nerminged: "i ee sem meri sorta ner mates fails vesabanci” 2 Poiippae 41105, el, 2769H¢). The sanasscsie orator is even hed ws shar the evs the bome of Erp wih the former ‘ve sod mime Cythera Epa ad flares 9.26 46 46:3) "Th Lie Tyan wate operate on the tne model a the gods and ths mperors Tima inves hs vest abl he deo Ba SAt enn (Sutyoeor 70-71) de Teele Zio ose FE SENSES ak Opin, nda hi elves, nd bis con Nem over i vite gue (Marl 3.82) chen ate cout of An Fae Cleopatra, Delos tbe torn, complied tat they (Anions raya ceed aut wine whe thbatfoos Same at Rome wat ‘USing the ar and pcs Flea Pach Antonina 59.4" cee ited Greck mont gv way inthe ouschl ofthe Roma a ‘Kehoe ut tote dart cexting buy iis and othe lewd dances ‘Gagan mo lng irs re 5LBon SEER ate it 1.1403 fre cna ning eae _ ee me ga ect SSeS tn enya nny ne ee et tial nn ea cei React toed ene token ent ee se kesh cousinbot evento the housbold pts (De marcede esp. 27 +34), Even the tet ovorsof Maras Maal, wo seepindscrintely Trek ie servas (he adninng even her hasan’ feeds oF her Tighbon) (639). anon a Sarna, but rather the absense of all ction: tint ner onde north adsl inversion oforer—b0t Py IE rion ences, and Koga ein teste bon. se ela nce sz eamvaestion of values daring which #810 topes gustan of being down ssid birarchis aod sale alg ‘heir bu ther of beg deed amy vantage poi: fom which a vale ail beamed” Absolute Whiesy Complains asns the emperors te aimed nor ony ais tht ese ermal sinioo hut aga! the arhrarness with which fom ‘BFE of power they cn both overow and ordain teens Ree SConctnng tat nan in whom ll power ests Te thing cea Gr kb al hing ar cert once aw il bs Bee (Gok se wo one can tne a fre dependent on he wl: fo Sy whiner of ante” (eo, Epituae ad famines 916.3 (46 pene) Cobar debnsenen ote ngh Lakers met wth inignaton—bet soit hs equally ariearyretoration of Laberiyt0 the aus of & BuBLP is srs complained om age dat "he opaon of the RBS (hans be este who expresed sds ony walling Pere Soc another in tne cotce of veing] ahead wit aOnEe" (ne fng cp pedi seen ex)" he was expresing he di: (rela ose or whom te fort of Stas was fel as osason. ica Case clarged the suber of ent onne handed be one GTR cabenel the power od vez of nial senators be ade WN cncae cab ad this deceased its edt ping power a0 ¥ ree fo tonbolles™=) But when te same Labesny freed and re es? Coca tpt ake place the fourteen ows ofthe te he Cail Tae” 285. Cl Jorn Sao hse ~ oe n a ee e sania Rama “ise 3, queasy shore whose sentments he vied EEG Soong to Macrae thesele aon bythe vo, TEdbt'of de ores—Sot by Laber's degradation and tis ofhand eettanr "ilar onlin, eam devectte goes Romanus et rarer ean” As bem panting Cle nbs seach fr at SIRT ACES oud hve been id to have you bade me wer ae staal for toms tending By thst words tore the ra edad oe sme ine o make fn ofthe now sate whore aembts ET an uy increased by ee Case (sup fs axe) (Sa- toma 23.10)" ‘Res Pablica in Extremit wel apes th re word fr ings ese, saci cin ei ‘Son Cina S21 gid ede ike gd order, eu 2 opy-tunyoniese,Each ae Sham tack onal. When ss Saturna out of Bound then SR fecomes nds As evenal compli in Sate 6624 ste as {SE05 heat tone of tragedy Ta Us Sarria which il wat 36 age cn Cover dx 1 olga by Thuy, he ce aa etic sony organizes the world ate bree Inthe wi of aaa Cicero anne thse who fall hi proper cles and Fee Sci ae pence oy ili slaves (De epubies 143) the Hare con fl teaver “te est eth ese of Se poole caer bid 3.13) esotepamba7ahc Sometime getter eno. sect ie tn ered Sees eee hin Tel red i i et ‘ed or el ores Toa ont 1958 190. Be ely ep i ine‘He Turannike Baskania ‘There ance wow condos wan seo fra erode hi opines ‘Seece, Gane 393 “The ey ccated bythe Sera out of Bounds i aie malic of he (os woul-bedemacrat Those wo eavy now ae those who cig Tovnaus datincionr and ne treated by te fear of losing than: the td the emperors the Roman words, the freemen. In Engi when eeSoor wera aeynonyi for ony, weuse te word elo for thc ese fom of aia: he dead and sng casone by teat of Tee Shetine. someone or vote marks of tus curren in one ‘omenlon Lat baring oly ane word for both en, makes exer ‘Bice thie inrerelednes “The ey of oe gods (or ate or Fortune) is manifested inci an enh and lathe desracton of anything happy or excepocl, Wharver ad fora marks thee, acordngt Seas che cvce avid Ses Per linger er aad stating eTocs Fate sage tay wreak havoc onthe ely andthe i: the laden vines ge ‘ined by the src: the igh corn rt inde tin the stow clouds (ter abou the pronperoat sls the foes i gated by fie; and the ‘Bates beat f Pls snatched say from be (tae 8137 se he an pacts ofthis vine jelous. The indi of he emperor ae pe Ti on Rac pe Sree aeinnesnc dened capnan ecole ew th dt bs mt Ce SST nat 2648-7 on Ano 225 cer fee a tan ti rs a i re aa eat de a. 1 aa tr aap op aston eine Be SMS ra ey oe Secs mare peiarionatind tai om ‘gone Teer sadn etre eh ‘ecmncadeClrcdon po Quasar Rom Soa ‘will no alow bm orate any gules in another which ng lead Tezehonsbe ompatuonss! Acouing to Pliny the Younger, he vr ‘Geof Vries nade in sures 20d reseed by “eran of ‘Be apenUpimor2 13} The emperor Cali could note ‘ean ton fhe igh pir i wn honor, we dein in de ‘union ef all and sary (Sener, De constant spent 18.1) ‘out surrmlon of prince bth Calla std Nero were ever ‘picous and impatient of ambiguity aa atacked mimes fr wtering nbiaow levees” Taipei) eds othe intnon of informers, the ev eyesof thempetors Te blind Cals Messin, "a monster rest and en Spicos even fr oo "was a weapon aimed by Doman a s0y0ne Recto hs ace supine at Vato, the dear bff ad ‘Swf lado iniunce and weal y Neo, was eof Neos infor er asa tb lig expeson othe ids of the emperor™ AWanton Wilderness eon this perspective the coincenia oppostorum is thing but an Seat deceit” Fr tone who poerive he world sa cial nc rey, the morte a daring eves Gsgsting, phenome: ia saz wih corruption ad potion. Dying he imation of “nyse te moter a mongrel the mos appeopeate posable von Faencaey snd mceennin. Theatr he nee fa ear Slee omncned ite te medersl Wild Mex, wih untamed sexual do [Slsiitbe teat of srnl and geet pliin ray feral the Roman)" Seaca’shglving Hovis Quadra, with hs insatiable de ‘chi bask Mu Ain 11; On Ano 625. "a tte on enue 8 ‘Seep Potent rea Apel So clo Real Cen 9 1 igri emi na ince ge rn eer cs as bye an lm Sit cto he Caner Abs Hee it's Boel tng se decom, se Tn er le ow The te i SPS SOT apd ws rece Spo a 97 goin pea nes fone mesites ving beyond he iis of nate” (Natale: Quaetones 1.16) see ion wah ison boas ior ste porns the MoE Trae yy bn ke the “stnichemapodie” of Mitta Bade nd Sioa Bucur nfs an tncontralled polation of ero post a Rate than harmony, be monte symbolizes dco. Rater ‘han tiple bls Supt. Rather than relaxation, is PELE SRetars So Viren denoanes the popular tat or "o> teogosinthe te Repub: ‘Ons wc re mone rir han dente eects ee om, Se Se Cre mop cen) ec of cle eect cf gn spel pans wk ce Jae aod vat cee pred tes dsr theme es, te ST ee th nt oe the pres es po EATES Agni sence all with ad of ena a ‘SS athe ky, Sch ng bth ae or ce, oe hae Secinofa ger era mend seeder as vet as orhow flowers antl ery rom tad? Ye wh AEE th leh prove ahr than cde (Dearie esa Sobre ome ee cies as bia shoererncatom ae ‘itis a aon cna WH Mo we Saran mann rn dd Sit a reed serena eee ctl crcternenetc= Sree araemntvgepeter sae EEE Sen athe ptm iy pre eee etmectneenciastertm re Ui a nt nay 1 camerngan Vt Ns hal Strate According to Horace, the pir an oes who alow wi 0 coe tk who pane toake and Bio lm and» et, whe ae eee es cal on a bone ack or he aso of woman on th i Fae ice fabhave gone two fac("Ar Poet Epaoe23.1— u Pececaing the Monster ‘rom this pape th monsters are o be atacke Maria icles Fr enor bg bm tcal hen chikret™—that Ci's ‘ese ha gen hi thx the cny-aied Moor oe the Fae end Brot pped oog be esryed one, the oe wih row fac pore dancer t cians (et ee Gs, fw him a you we ib ery and ten terete the one wah the potted bad aod the don PERSI Taarats genre tthe decton ofthe family mario) The eo eis decrpion of Marl’ ofpring ening withthe Pom ou would bea: bg herd ss Nibe if Coes and Diyas $ePacr Sa canoes” (639) So Seneca agains those who deer ar eae he oper tury universe, who revo oes whe slp all Sey aad crouse al ugh Epa 122), and Jornal lmbasts dose Sy. te black sve “Swan” the dwar "Aas the ile deformed eee ttropa” the maney cur "Lops or “Tiger Lion” (Ss SRE S2Snh The way of igheousos is simpler Seneca nis he re i skins mplen™ Thnge tat are compl ere, He eeatrepac ofa warped rl aguas normal” csi of rary aot seamfor oa coluors they make life bare. hey Serica wera seanardeca g tea ct Spec cieackte nate eere em, ESS ahe aircon te ste eee ey te es a een, Soa a al nin Cae and Ro isn ree ae (hee 28 on Sc apie ieee aang oe Slt cr emis he pie ferme apne mae0 oni nat” and warlike men owing upsceam (Epistle 122, Spin” Saturnalia fom he Saturnalia ‘Unbridled indictiminaon crest amie which nue up Sa tal fm he Strele= Ar ener of Clan, he joyous sod Tipiteaned Roman peopl walk bout ike fe men eae, Ao Testo 12), One of the i, pall, ened jor, ke Lar sd daly en fo the dnd atest of the emperor aceon the Db fering ptefogem (enusidc") wth the wordy“ tld you the Struma would no lt forere*(Apcolacyons 12]. At the deh Gi Nev, accmtg to Suen, the connon peopl an abou ine play the leap which ar warm on te Stora aod bythe man ‘Ried (Nar $7 tod which ope with ait of agus, appeared on {he reve ofthe coins ed by he rami in 2c When the Sliver Seneca moses Hosts uaa marae hit ew nd prot {fue mates Angin il ot po the. Te wa severe measures sees ft the Roa stesso wee spender he Hos cscs ofthe Hosts Quadra became the bet of mi ley omthe stage (Seneca, Near Oaaeston: 1.16.) "ssp ofay0 wont unig fh “Satara from be Susntas When the emperor Cais eommioned thes ‘or Al Pano te ia Pata ad icy dg iyo aro: beyond Gal The oder iia a eng kes to 2257 on cpg cue teins af he xown ord obeyed fhe onder But when the ein Narn, patched by lds ‘mounted cheba! and tempted wade the thy grew ill ore [lignan and wold oot slow Narco spesk™ A once and with ‘rac, we Joan tng Homo Lado A Say ofthe Ply et ct ac ie SHCA au, a Rome Mpc Be Mur 3h dann, “tien amon nine mice It ced atl en ne rns pln Acs ‘Piscine Netto enn epee pe ‘SS toms Ps perl (tes ann wont an eo il brea eps was sng aero ile ve vole they shouted “lo Samal” and surrendered fobvith to ‘hae commander Pats (Dio 0.19.13). “Tirade is xcpsonaly tring, estes the indignation {cc atthe absence of ltintins eve by those who had lle bape af ‘er evening theinatons afl apd wealth nd wh seed he ‘now Hom these ination forthe selec he same cy tt poled Foyous beatin from reat athe Suna war explored to xe rsa enetnnt atthe Suna o of Bound ("This ie Ets we might sy.) The same ey equal of fea creer mace ‘when ei pererved coat of ts Hr of pac ad tine. The very men ‘who mutiny agus audory ate cep by chi afro wo eadion of {ered by she relma and he emperor Submision to he peer ‘come proves a "carival oe anil: TJ Caen’ br, dian caterers and he solder of Pla tithe common people sometins clang dine that emperote ‘nd atc dtd Whex te lare Cron buss ut in "anataon ‘he auger at the ine ofthe edna Tena the peter ‘ous former save nd cent of thon wh shat, To Sata What ini laskthe month of Decor and anche Btrngatak on thettnegretr Gian (Satyricon 38)" Achaia lon tava = ' infos ttt the Etcan sure Suomen (inet ber a ecw" tough hit god looks and bi bonito he nae of which ar ere a Ha Sata) ae na mec inthe cle of Asp and Naecenas™ Encouraged y his Ingh sats a cous, be acemped to pss sna equestian, stung it he {a fourteen row ofthe theatre. Tht “presumption” onthe para Sar ‘ments was net with» pal diction “Sarees sone seam ( ‘ollment, br he people wold keto ie hm another Ler whats due 1 each be gens So Surmencs woud be burdened with heavy china” (aod erp habe Serment ald opel lies. /dgna dpi: Sie Sarmeatshabeat eter coped") “The socal psychologst Leon Pstinge explains the phenomenon of sponteacoushierachzaton, Conpetison and thirenry ise 9y LEE ces ec ii seo ns er ee ‘uefa QE cs Snen nme pre ans and 2 oythe creation of odes wih a soc “Andi scm clear that when ch ate ditneson are emlymaintsned, tn only members of ‘De igher atu who manne themes alo important othe members liber sau to maar her, for i ths way that ey can ately oe the diferent aod compare hemseles ih hi on {roun™ The more ansiuay compat te Situation, the more impor {Ener amached to visor, te more Hkliood of the alsion of tose {ao ik ls of atin the formiton of Sabot stats dileent ‘Sion The average alte for sane, wing to pat the ext ‘inn one as cs by him The ied grader swing a hoy orbs "outlsed™ bythe shader gaint wham be ose wos ‘otherwise be compel to compete The more fc the competion, the ‘ore muesout the ates seeped vlan. Cea and dnc di {erences nc or catsgory canbe a bi slowing ew remove one ‘alg without oso fc Lom at unhappy compaion ofl 80,0 Sr cute, dept is denocate and egataranendences, we lady Side up spre competion is myead of erarcl same td ‘ee do a force he thie-rades wo campete wih the even rades Tbehigrachool wane withthe profesional tbe “handcapped™ withthe "Souai' ee Hierarchy cantly x wel ccate spar, cimnish at wel es fighcn cory, cet anos ficuon ar wel sense OF Since, Pusishiog Humor Lauper, he weapon of the sansresor, coulda be rnd agit bint Milam Gait seg thatthe Sororab of 54 cy les thn fo mona after the desth of aud, might haere the occ or the tending of Sete Apocoleyroasexcraingthe Saran ince The pe of bamor that sought pan ranireasions, to ed ‘Be Suumai expres legac by Lis Laer vera Pe Sin Tacng nd oft by Horace and Mana Fateh commends 9 i Si Se spe Pui (Onion, 1976, po 30s 1290 si ay 7 ren ah mir a 5 en ait (Croft efiemarnatac sil mse posed ed ye oa law of Ths which allowed the mime ro lampoon oni adres and Pies New Comedy ecase iis uplifing and morals (Quastinss Conor 7.8 Morte 7120) “Thr iis prsring gh aacks deforma broadet ene “The Romans look askance "they Bvt el ee to frp (ou es disgarement,obscny, el een, nauspcicusoes). The oma Team the prtenoos nln, oF expecially, the moos enero) re ttade the obj of derision ad rae, Geo inthe Deore a ‘cats particularly jase and apt humor the kin hat tack defor nas "Es enim deforma ecorporiviorun xis bel materi a Feeandum’ (289 239) Cleo set only two limitations on atcking de foomirys it should avoid dha wach toes or pate the exteme (2'9.234-39)" and should be steely advantages 0 the Wi like the ots ofthe mie sures (39.239. For Cer ths pe ‘of compaiine humor ithe ey antes ofthe indcrminste home ‘which Ne ator with he mine andthe sara i el asoned ‘warbe humor” weapon dengaed a allow ont timph na cone ‘via worthy opponent ich az one encour i the cou ofan" Wit ‘pert wit he content os formal and inet agon with rales ‘Sbalmkans ‘Deforitare abunce of correc fom—is the on age sated with impunity. Paradacal twas fe the moose aod the grotesque Ime who were cle spon tod the tacking a well he toning, So ‘he Roman aus employed the hens onter and mask—the deform +c i ln nmr em arnsernange i actonscen dpe ee cee rhino he mine na Grn ne Th of se mth a a en at ‘Slots dv Fort ns mann tye Oe Hees, ct See aca sa k ao h hi seu peie Caer een inden pee an lene err haan Queue coum? Senta oes ei tne cp fpf Sy of Ronny 6 Nemtapedewboussbaa Leones appaera iden ae ares orig Se De “The Sacicial Clown “The elaoship berwec ghee welling ofthe common, sd Fact down # nonderalycxpesed ia Apcli's Metamor ‘Move hen poor Lacvs»eangsr in pata, Tesaly and ions, Peching out ioeecet ofthe Tessin witches) ade a “sce ‘tthe om’ eval of Laughter Hes bough before s kangaroo cour, thee be bate homie, mocke, and thresened wih det ESS thay ummered nd extn by hi onda he then way Treteulel and bonocd foe havi layed the vc i his ie GEES Ts ole which may have once Been cried ou y the ete Wings guts, or aut fo the ing sch ab ‘Reidogot te Smads, orerenby benassi it gen the Saal te aed Ma ay bam ad or neues payed byte manera tbe grotesque mine. The eng pod te Sarr, the god acqaine with cas wat ao 8 PERE iy bloody pod bo densanded human arice™ The Acs of East tela tobe pecice of esate ofthe King of the aa ins dhe Mocsan opt eve inthe te of oder. Chosen by eed ithe lig of hsp sas probabiy as Koos), and eee wiherravapant feta, he war sana the end of = onth Stdbanchey > tae mm min haem tm ae in secre nec arate Se oeeiben goa po tS i rea ftp On Don Me oe et ke ob bee ic bin Ore Haan rte bon nga, SOE acti Now, aman ae Secreta et ma Secreta ear Sy ce Scam Ha ble a ie armen {530Fi ely prone ie Moock Mea ant Zan of ie a le il same 10 36 The Stops “he Rowan, whose ives centered, P. Wiseman observes, round fainting and therefore dbtatng 2nd reaening) pecaci, were arin fond ofthe senad mame the sds Le he stpelcan theseapetied the ciated on) in aces el fens of tx preven the rpc ines: ‘on the ie often cached my wreche bead o the theshld I tubed ty toon! et The tnehld Was a mot dangerous place To tip on the ‘Brest and cnck ove’ head on thet, common and pial bad (cer apt expressions or he fnconng of the poets ‘he. Uke cveethng pi the mime and the ostes mee bot mi ‘Sous and -omened To expres tit own ad hi ees Ssappoval of ‘Sr sean te ena se the morons of he gant eps Pyle {Sd them pent (propia [pene 9.17.3), Once labled po ton acannon called for, The mos obvious nd avaiable vcs treet pore theme: the gotsquesof he oushold he sree, Ind espe ns appt to aye consid ht mck epic sound te thee ofthe "Weak of Paps aps the escaped sspepoat Eas, The oe replves ike that of Apulet's mock ep around the “sata [ows and the expaton pal byte eins ocapes is compelled to ‘apse Dla for avrg ee someting he shoal ot ave en Tike Apel’ Loca oe Eurpider eneus (he Atesianvesion of the serial Sacunalian hee Diooysanking), the exslive Enea ‘is panied aking sere avy ars ital ‘Sophy th Stet tg nas tat inn smn SORSSRES aie ater tnt Sno Amon De Ee tee ptr gn hj nd et Se Tae al lr nnd nd ‘Ei nae va chr al Pc wed Str ‘seta to to 8 wea rn Ti nn Wk hn an ml oe“The rote mins fined We he male andthe mascot he oan Sn Prac explain ta te probscans mame eer earou parpheraa wal wo combat the ev ee fred eee om again ey by Svein, cxig the az ofthe male aaa op 1 beady, sogalaniy,srangenes (3.7 Morale ett 25 or Th monsters and Me's beads embowed on shel pease bower om bores hres, thephallss onthe batouse cis Gala’ oven a ange snd base the SES ASEH ESCs pevypbalie tntieabus opera on this pace, Nix aan eons te pail popular apotopsc mast eek charm erode! by Dalmeydy for exam dep hee (or pore sanding om 8 doable penis Te goin the ee usc are. coring Poli was the costiom 00 rap seting clos ver ear” (eos ey gaia na Po tain en pobonox apope” (7.108), Payicha the at Sela ts crafemcn edo ang up trang le Pusan ane tac bases rom th ees Angst bad his Gabby Bae paca Taian ha Capris. Emperor ators, aaa eae: people who urounded thems wih oteauey Fas an sos in arto protect hemes; thse bse oF foe coarser he words of Enid Webord, reverse mas es reverse ighsingrodh"* Ae ene ante sci of the spi ent spi= eee cdom sell was roe topical the mine nthe Empice aa the sepia who played the role of the Jewish og Cisti sro of Jens Misc ™” Thre much evidence, addition 10 oc tke mimes weot out ofthe way to mabe theses vane ups Simhat Bp. Boe, eine TEESE i pepe mee be ge ie aa enna nt et Sper iemadtt om 8 eatin i et cm romeo po Sette ac roe mp 2 SELES ch mole tsa eserapicr ec eam cei reer oe ee ag a en le The shiny shaven pate dete the rte ne i ca ‘as mores phair a di imamerable pots n the Roman ‘Tod The misapen dvact cows of Lats Laithoe ns oly BS Mist but petra deoein which be furter dors is body Jone wo make Half more riaous (Lain, Lapthr 18). Uke ‘isthe Roman mime et kde een he poten fom thee eye of (aland men forded by the score mask." They oe, like many of {ic rmoat ancient mins, dreed naked (wore thing mean “Tule alkenes And om eran oosons they even apeatd inthe ‘Mitac atthe Fa, wb male mimes danced mace" aly {betes wove the en! Uso rod the enocmows exposed ‘al No chars inal of Roan ie was s caveful fashioned to {Beatle he er ine To weet ig males “The mimes ol as decoy may help to explain the val placed onthe rapt as oppose to thea that iy eve) foo The na a the te pds made a moe eft decoy precy beease he wear cecil yloerabl, Eke Herrinae's Kez. Maria com Finis of foo he had pacha: "He was said wo be a mori. 1 asd Fen thxsand fot hi, Civ me back ny oney, Gargianut—beas Bf (8.132 "The lowe or grtegue ime ofthe eae hd a dablyapsropaic funda, Om the one bay a someone who apeated ar inerval ike Fee sceTutene ote clown, the cow of Javanese dru, be cece the aie rm the fenton (he fascnen) hich spe TSE RS eke ee opal nadine the ces 0 Fouco ny i i min: Die iets Be eeprom fe emetic termes din eae Se Serr Be fra” ra 93293, 1420 Manin swe nn tie le ‘esate ken ds a ceed te oS ecg Se eek SUSE specter at tyoma, he poet the player os being lacie by she aden oat “rage phe by ahering the eer ofthe suchence athe mao the inde once nse. The baseball down of opening da, and the tam ma fet sl play ths "uae nse roe In many cares, epecaly inthe Medteraocan epi he hachbck continu fo sera fn ton liane snd elm American (especialy gales) prs neat ‘yng hoocback figures gob, gabe ade ofcors mother of ‘Pes ser, o pla 8 pretation sin thee ye “Asc thn fncions othe etaoriay, the deformed he mow sero wasnt an imovaion of te Romans. Te alan sun the painting or saute of te gotnge cow had slong pedir. A- ‘eid ithe courts a the Hellen Kings the monsters Bure i ‘long of isl pace and ime Dwarves sound the cout of Pa lenis The Greck plynath Albeacus ate secnd cetary Ci) ona the fashion wi Grek pba in Souther ely The Ro ‘ean, mareoves, modeled thi aro” on nomersbl epee ‘Son of the comic monster ofthe Grek snd Hala heated ot ‘nas The Roman versio fhe protege ofthe New Comedy (= ial he prate the cook ad the save) ae ia odin om the Grek, "Asa greta pencil" accorlng io Marpurete Bieber, “maybe ight conser he more rotegue grea Rowan” Is sot pouibletosay whether the roesque mie elena the po topat Lite Monster orth Lisi Mtr» eetion ofthe types of comedy. [inte ao nds ese ew af oes ihe hia ecg ‘Surat Antec (18-4) nec who Hked m mlnge med doce nto bem (me Eee fart cag She t-0 ‘hers Gat a Re The sn amos ea ses and egrets mole on te crc of Dos ae, O18 td en Comey, SE a pommel At a ‘When his flow saves fst saw the humpbacked Aso, aconng to ‘he Vita Aesop they sl tat the master ad Bouton amet {fo protet hi taf i lve prabuekanon tou tamatomporin™™ ‘The een, Kindly umpbscked Cats wa once ving neo po. tropaton Concerning scp of he prosigon get, Peroni marks, "Hispars were of ach a ethut you might ink tat he hel ‘es sinly te exrason of hal ares (= fsa ("Habba im ingtna pondas tam rade wm homie ain fast Seece [Stoo 3). Tei lets Dimeric Rech, Neate, Biches, and Goldman ae, that many ofthe physically delomed became mite, exping tet forms onthe sage ia the sec, and in private eateanmentn’™ We poses maa depcoes ofthe deformed protesqur ss eoraes or Ines of oper mime oops hundnced feplayes: pense, Walleye dancers (lator); eked hyphae owas the ving robo, he stefan, wee ethan hat Say There were places and points of pana where one was epi vu SE i lee Dh 1 oc Gast iy (Gi, Ma Ep Wa, es ab Se "eer den Abas de Bick" pp 7-76 and 184 glo, see i Sen i nae a ‘a EJ 10) ed Cen Aap Labels (Demy, Stetson bts ke copies WOW Como fh part ae pos nt nt Gai "Ane 1 andy $208; fey Gen, “Two Teen Rie Ta Amr Jamal tangy hp Derg eB. Cm ey eee uo bes Ce Res "Colinas god p.215 7.2, Tawa is ‘jaa enya vee apinbe er cone ek pi Te a 1-4 le or ae ‘Mant ppt Bs ase epoca np rnerable: cornet, bridge, bts, doorway. The “sina” areas of the ‘ol were gh hard dangeoun™ ax were places Uke she ge wefan where ane wae ery exposed wo the eyes the? reese putea nd bios whose fey rom chev eye was ey coil for patcna iidal che, ships POW, ES Rlans tatess oven the tol and nimals pon which nes Tad pended. And thee were pans and aspects of oes body eee ece ely al, parc vulnerable othe iid of TEAUIinkednes, ont back, oes bald ead, one's bigeas or 0s cree tents a’ lage o expsed phall ob 7s 2M fit wer often pore by talismans and decoy But the MSs ogc ing ofall a bono. Tha was abe al. the desperte re ei tcnber of te masters twas othe gain, Concasions a polgaane passage Tatas (Ammales 13.15) describes a Seurian Tea EP eS athe royal cour (Phar te sting the Swale ‘SSS lta he phys fava” ae beng eto play) At SEA ival of imecton at which Seneca may have produced his toe rcs mocking the rx who as als a s,s eo Bo oep pine Nery sts pardon) chosen by Soe be King Se eunk Whe be command be tert perform a which will ota, be spe out tech Beannns (te fl ie") ren iy thet he wil the ender the now doomed prince ik, asta obra scm. Te yout, instead of sloping he atcipaced do ayag snd song sours maa sing hs pasion and being Fr ee mtand © Toe oss saagbecomes the Sarat ftom te Soro” si ea hme Te es yh mah hap ang spy ne i ‘gn Ray paint ean eof 287, see er aR a ‘econ ec Tot oe ie Tore plo ei he acu he ine wha welcome vo “acts has imap this nite dana a ang rom Nev's erce feng of sent toward is epee Betamax throne Sorin peemoenceis the ue The te fone es Sy wash demi of ie ther es he pet eo sun universe hich he fcotablesageacing forthe most power eamas of Tiny ln ny masespe of 9 nine” which he eso ir ‘Stealth Satunaln pried by the real a wap and not ibe ‘Som: be cprescin of th deadly tals of brother psn Brother and ars deed by» deadly pricepssatrtlies,The dino be fees deste i bee [tnoce fol Betts "tr os who ges slapped" the special ob. Ftathedtson sn mac fo, esr vey abodes “The vleure which explores our inmost nerves isnot the bed of whom oar dainty poets eal, but those evils ‘ofthe soul, envy and exces. (Peconion quod by Falgecas!™ “The Greeks and Romans ica of ary ad nsatibl desi asthe moet ruling fall emo. Acoring o Pstarch (Qusestiones on iil 5 Morais envy bas an wparled aly insite alin he soul ad contaminate When ose sje tem eh "Gina inthe cure of plein he ap i the aoe dined wo mack Be Cle Soe ‘iat oan inde omer ican ee Soe eee Ere pte Comy ee Te prog Mans De mae lee cen errno Sooner Rew iy Se em nea eee ign ‘at hadveenenpabe Oars, Src i ord sen re th dial ee a ccmecneguliy a tamer nrdowrensd eon”sinc ip me ity ine hte Sethe cn uncon wh Sees See onsen et eed ean ot cn ghninonte Ee Ene ht Se oe aaa ao Be, ae tte monster was the signal and evidence of unacceptable transares- cet oe a ot ne cate Tage ere aie oe ple athe Fe ad lupo Se et Cammy (lg ea Se ce eure nero ek ee Seth eas on he grotesque ean be compared to anything, it into paradox (itacam, On te Grotegu, 197 “The mies wer both he thoumatopo andthe geloopeo the “won TREORG andthe lnuhtermaken”s the oes wh feted und eee rake pl Thre complementary functions hoo of poset eed the sepia, cool be payed bya singe But. The ine ae epecly, he dren button een played Bo ese les ae ‘SatGjTn bing sac (aca) may have been graciously exepted sti atc ihe ae Se titra cece ncn Smart on em er wun entero tn mig ee cent eae Teena aa ratte coe Siete Sa on snd even welcomed the alo fonction athe bu of ial. The ‘wang ele and poate of Horace’ En epi a excelent ecm Pete deo lying the spies an cpeaig verbatim he words Efhs master (ike Te) and oneal rks tothe iss eyped onthe rls Sarmentr and Gab a the bangs ofthe mighty (Sora 5) “Sen, howeve, hte fantions were Geno pais of mines, sem bing such comic tama sv out om Abbor and Camel, Lael sd Hay, or Heiman wonder late and Kezy. The atendan and Comic double of thc the ders, the “econ mime” of tated the sre was the mimic ofa One ofthe now amos ofthese eas tsa ofthe dior ating nd he pbs Pauls They were Inapeot ene anther tle na dstorting miro "The moe unbesabe the sean the dictions, fixations com pon, and cegrizatons the greater the yearning fr election mi- Toes ey aa the pres he er (nd temptation) of sation Ifa“ mito dos not appest—i the monstrous mime dos not tome tote sas if there no sameness ton dilleence thee {Sccnation and. fon ofa word The moe comple the iereeey, the now surmowmtable the dantoen the ree the ree of lo kei if tee onl sameness, ony iene, witout dfrene nd onlin tension, tee eo world no sel Bathe mare sad Ser the dtingion’ the dfeence waout the sameness he ames wih bu the dieence—the gree the gop fling beween diltens and Stoney he more extmswlleeem the ida that np, he Sere, the more chow, the more brutally Sl-consces, he moe nous nd abuee th ply sat wil be necro preserve the worl Tess inion Ei 84 ot rie