MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES

SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY HEATH

RESEARCH PROPOSAL
ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ON MALARIA
PREVENTION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT MUHIMBILI
UNIVERSTY OF HEALTH ALLIED SCIENCES IN 2023

By
HENRY E. MWANJALI
2020-04-14394

SUPERVISOR: PROF KESSY

FEB, 2023

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DECLARATION AND APPROVAL
I HENRY E. MWANJALI declare that, this is my work entitled “Assessment of the
knowledge, attitude and practice malaria prevention among undergraduate at muhimbili
university of health and allied sciences” It is an independent research proposal done by
myself as a necessary criterion in order to qualify for a Bachelor of sciences in
Environmental Health Sciences (BSc. EHS) under the School of Public Health and Social
Sciences (SPHSS). This study has not been done before by any other student for the award
of Bachelor degree of Environmental Health Science (BSc. EHS) or any other associated
qualification.

HENRY E. MWANJALI
Registration no. 2020-04-14394
Signature: ..............................
Date: ..........................................

Approval by Supervisor:
This research proposal titled “Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice on
prevention of malaria among undergraduates at muhimbili”, has been approved; hence I
recommend her to proceed for further implementation.

Supervisor’s name
Prof. Kessy
Signature: ……………………….

Date: …………………………

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION AND APPROVAL..........................................................................................2
ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................................5
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS.........................................................................................................6
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................................................8
1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................8
1.1 Background...........................................................................................................................8
1.2 Problem statement..............................................................................................................10
1.3 Conceptual frame work.....................................................................................................11
1.4 Rationale of the study.........................................................................................................11
1.5 Research question...............................................................................................................12
1.5.1 Main research question...............................................................................................12
1.5.2 Specific research question...........................................................................................12
1.6 Objectives............................................................................................................................12
1.6.1 Broad objective.............................................................................................................12
1.6.2 Specific objectives........................................................................................................12
CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................13
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................................................13
2.1 Review on the study objectives......................................................................................13
CHAPTER THREE.....................................................................................................................15
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY..........................................................................15
3.1 study setting........................................................................................................................15
3.2 Study design........................................................................................................................15
3.3 Study population and sampling technique.......................................................................15
3.4 Target population...............................................................................................................15
3.5 Sample and sample technique...........................................................................................15
3.6 Data collection.....................................................................................................................16
3.7 Piloting of the tool...............................................................................................................16

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 3.8 Data analysis and presentation.........................................................................................16
3.9 Study limitation and solution............................................................................................16
4.0 Inclusion criteria.................................................................................................................16
5.0 Exclusive criteria................................................................................................................17
6.0 Ethical clearance.................................................................................................................17
7.0 Research plan and budget.................................................................................................17
7.1 Budget..............................................................................................................................17
7.2 Schedule of activities.......................................................................................................17
7.3 Budget justification.........................................................................................................17
8.0 REFERENCES......................................................................................................................18
9.0 APPENDIX.............................................................................................................................19
9.1Appendix 1: Questionnaire (English version)...................................................................19
9.2 Appendix 2: Informed consent agreement.......................................................................22

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ABBREVIATIONS
IRS Indoor Residual Spraying

ITN Insecticide Treated mosquito Net

MUHAS Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences

WHO World Health Organization

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DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Attitude Is a feeling or belief of a person about something

Knowledge Means the awareness or familiarity gained by experience of the

situation.

Malaria Is the parasitic disease of human caused by protozoa called

plasmodium
Prevention Refers to the action of stopping something from happening or arising

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ABSTRACT
Background

Despite being preventable and curable, malaria continues to have a devastating impact on
people’s health around the world. Almost half of the world population, living in 100 countries
are at risk of malaria. University campuses are potential reservoirs of infectious diseases, but
they are not in the research focus. It is obvious that the use of malaria preventive tools like the
use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN), mosquito repellents and indoor residual sprays is
extremely necessary in campus conditions in endemic countries including Tanzania. This study
aimed to assess of knowledge, attitude and practice on prevention of malaria among
undergraduate of muhimbili university of health and allied science who dwell at campus hostel
2023 upanga magharibi ilala district dar es salaam

Objective

The main objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on malaria
prevention among undergraduate at muhimbili university of health and allied science

Methodology

The study design will be descriptive cross-sectional study with standardized structured
questionnaires for collection of data and they will be provided among undergraduate at
muhimbili university of health and allied science

. The data will be entered into a data base using the latest statistical Package of social sciences
software. Descriptive analysis will be done by establishing the means and standard deviation for
quantitative variables, proportions and frequencies. Chi-square test and t-test will be used to
determine whether there is significant association between variables at significance level of
probability ≤ 0.05 with 95% Confidence interval.

Budget

The study will cost 380000/=TSHS in which 280000/=TSHS are funded by HESLB and
100000/=TSHS are private money, the money will be used for transportation, stationaries
together with meals and communication.

Key words; knowledge, attitude, practice, malaria, prevention

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 CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Human Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by protozoan of the phylum apicomplexan, class
sporozoan and subclass coccidian. These haemosporinas or haematozoans of the family
plasmodidae and genus Plasmodium are exclusively parasitic and without locomotory organelle.
Four species of Plasmodium parasitizes man, of which P. falciparum is the most virulent of the
malaria parasite. Malaria has remained a deadly scourge in Africa. Malaria is no respecter of
persons, so all groups of people are exposed to the infectious bites of the female Anopheles
mosquito, which breeds in stagnant water. The disease is transmitted by the infectious bites of
female anopheles’ mosquitoes. These mosquitoes carry infective sporozoites in their salivary
gland, which they transfer to the blood stream of man during a blood meal

Malaria is the single most important cause of ill-health and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa.
Malaria is widespread in many parts of the world mainly in tropical and subtropical regions but
extending into some of the temperate areas. Most malaria endemic regions are characterized by
warm temperature and rainfall both of which are suitable for mosquito breeding

The vision of WHO and the global malaria community is a world free of malaria. To guide
malaria elimination, the Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016–2030 (GTS) was adopted
by the World Health Assembly in May 2015(4). By adopting this strategy, WHO Member States
have endorsed bold vision of a world free of malaria a which is reducing malaria mortality rates
and malaria case incidence globally by at least 40% by 2020, 75% by 2025 and 90% by 2030(5).

At the current trend, the world is not on progress to attain the 2030 goal of malaria reduction
case incidence by 90% from 2015 baseline unless more efforts are accelerated. In order to
reignite the pace of the progress in the global malaria fight, the WHO launched a new aggressive
approach in 2018 known as “high burden to high impact” - a country-led response(6). The new
approach will enable high burden countries including Tanzania to mark progress to reduce its
disease burden.

Tanzania Mainland has eight geographical zones for; Lake, Western, Northern, Eastern, Central,
Southern, Southern Highlands and Southern West Highlands zone. Tanzania Malaria Operational
Plan of 2018 highlighted that 93% of the population on the Mainland and the entire population of
lives in areas where malaria is transmitted(7).

Regarding the distribution of Plasmodium species in Tanzania, Plasmodium falciparum accounts

for 96% of malaria infection in Tanzania, with the remaining 4% due to P. malariae and P.
ovale(7).

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The Tanzania national control program of malaria they come up with the strategic plan of 2015-
2020 to make sure that they reduce 80% of morbidity and mortality caused by malaria. In order
to attain the above goal, there is a crucial need of strengthening the health system and capacity of
building and also the community knowledge, attitudes and practices towards malaria are
essential preventing malaria infection and promoting malaria free zones. And also the success of
malaria control efforts is highly dependent on level of understanding, attitudes and socio-cultural
aspects of malaria prevention and treatments seeking behaviours in the community(1).

There is potential gap in the knowledge, attitudes among undergraduate students on the malaria
preventive measures which is yet to be evaluated Campus hostel.

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1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

"Despite efforts to control and eliminate malaria, it remains a major public health problem in
many countries, including Tanzania. In particular, there is a need to understand the knowledge
and practices related to malaria among university students, who are at higher risk of exposure to
the disease due to their mobility and potential for engaging in high-risk behaviors. The lack of
information on the knowledge and practices of university students regarding malaria prevention
and control poses a significant challenge to developing effective interventions to reduce the
incidence and impact of the disease. Malaria prevention and control efforts rely on the active
participation of individuals and communities. Understanding the knowledge and practices related
to malaria among undergraduate students at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
is crucial for designing effective interventions to promote malaria prevention and control.
However, there is limited information available on this topic.

Also, most malaria investigations in Tanzania have been conducted in rural regions, largely
missing out students living on university campuses. Nevertheless, university campuses are
potential reservoirs of infectious diseases, as is any place where people from different regions
live in close proximity for long periods. In the campus environment, the use of insecticide-
treated bed nets (ITN) would appear to be the simplest and cheapest method of personal
protection from malaria. Therefore, there is a need to assess the knowledge and practices of
undergraduate students at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences on the topic of
malaria in order to identify gaps and inform the development of targeted interventions."

1.3 CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK

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Undergraduate students adherence towards different ways for malaria prevention and eradication
is influenced by their knowledge and attitude which are crucial in determining prevalence of the
use of insecticides treated mosquito nets (ITN) and mosquito repellents. This may be illustrated
by the following conceptual framework.

KNOWLEDGE

PRACTICE MALARIA
PREVENTION

ATTITUDE
Different ways of preventing
malaria such as the use of bed
nets, insecticides spray,
mosquito repellents and drain all
stagnant water in the
surrounding areas.

1.4 R ATIONALE OF THE STUDY

The interesting part of the study is to know the degree of knowledge and practices of ways of
preventing malaria among undergraduate students at campus hostel. The detailed information
that will be obtained will enable MUHAS administration to improve on strategies aimed at
reducing burden of malaria at campus, for instance to educate them on the importance of using
those preventive measures and if possible, to supply them with bed net for each student and
insisting the use of them.

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1.5 R ESEARCH QUESTION
1.5.1 MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION
What is the level of knowledge, attitude and practice on prevention of malaria among
undergraduate of muhimbili university of health and allied science who dwell at campus hostel
2023 upanga magharibi ilala district dar es salaam?

1.5.2 S PECIFIC RESEARCH QUESTION

i. What is the knowledge among undergraduate students at campus on different ways of
preventing malaria?
ii. What is the attitude among undergraduate students at campus students a on ways used to
prevent malaria?
iii. What is the practice of undergraduate students who are using several measures used in
prevention of malaria?

1.6 OBJECTIVES
1.6.1 B ROAD OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on malaria
prevention among undergraduate at muhimbili university of health and allied science students
dwelling at campus hostel 2023.

1.6.2 S PECIFIC OBJECTIVES

i. To determine the level of knowledge on malaria prevention among undergraduate at
muhimbili university of health and allied science
ii. To assess the attitude among undergraduate at muhimbili university of health and allied
science towards malaria prevention.
iii. To determine the practice of malaria prevention among undergraduate at muhimbili
university of health and allied science

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW ON THE STUDY OBJECTIVES
i. To assess knowledge of university students regarding malaria prevention.

In the study conducted among undergraduates’ students on knowledge, attitude and practices
about malaria among members of a university community of Hamelmalo Agriculture College of
Eritrea Almost showed that all the respondents (99.3%) were aware of the existence of malaria as
a disease. With regard to the malaria symptoms, fever was the most frequently reported by
participant accounts 94.4%, followed by headache (72 %,) and chills (80.2%). And 12% of the
respondents reported diarrhea as a symptom of malaria

Another study conducted on knowledge and practice towards prevention and control of malaria
in south western Ethiopia, about 86.7% of the study participants mentioned mosquito bites as the
source of transmission and also they believed malaria is preventable(10). About 84.4% of the
respondents mentioned bed nets as one of the preventive measures against malaria, other
respondents mentioned the use of wire mesh at windows(15.3%) and wearing the long clothes
which was 11.2% of all respondents, only 24 (21%) respondents said they use the bed nets which
are treated (10).

Also, another study conducted in Nigeria on knowledge on malaria among university students
from among members of a university community in kwara state, Nigeria on the respondents
knowledge of the severity, causes and prevention of malaria, 218(42.09 %) understood malaria
as a deadly disease, 280(54.05 %) as ordinary disease, while 20(3.86 %) of the students had no
clear idea about the severity of malaria . However, 68(74.73 %), 15(16.48 %) and 8(8.79 %) staff
understood malaria as ordinary, deadly disease and had no clear idea on the severity of malaria.
Majority, 516(99.62 %) of the students and 90(98.91 %) of the staff agreed that malaria disease
was caused by mosquito bite. On malaria vector identity, 222(42.09 %) of the students identified
the female Anopheles mosquito as the vector of malaria, similarly 69.23 % of staff also agreed
that female Anopheles mosquito was vector of malaria, although larger percentages of students
(44.59 %) and 10.99 % of staff had no idea of the vector identity.

A cross-sectional study of malaria prevalence in history, bed net utilization, and knowledge
about the disease conducted among Tanzania college students, the knowledge about malaria is
relatively high: 98% of the students demonstrated confidence about the vector and 87.8% on
preventive measures. About 76.4% of study participants agreed that sleeping under an ITN is the
most effective approach for disease prevention, 11(4.5%) students thought sprays and ointments
are the most effective

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 ii. To assess attitude of university students on the use of preventive measures against
malaria

Study conducted on perceptions towards malaria prevention among vulnerable groups in the
Buea Health District, Cameroon When asked whether respondents agreed or disagreed with the
fact that malaria is a dangerous disease, 240 (54.2%) strongly agreed, 172 (38.9%) agreed, 17
(3.8%) were neutral, 9 (2%) disagreed while 5 (1.1%) strongly disagreed. The 412 (93%) of the
respondents who at least agreed to the fact that malaria is a dangerous disease gave reasons to
support their perception such as malaria disturbs daily activities, malaria is expensive and
difficult to treat, causes anemia, abortion and many deaths. A total of 382 (86.2%) of
respondents stated the correct mode of transmission (mosquito bites), 45 (10.2%) gave wrong
responses such as drinking dirty water, eating dirty food, always by the fire side, inadequate
body hygiene and bites of other insects. Sixteen (3.6%) of the respondents gave no responses.

In the study conducted on knowledge , attitudes , and practices about malaria and its control in
rural northwest Tanzania, when the study participants were asked if they were ready their house
to be sprayed only 86% of them accepted, the only reason for those who did not accept was bad
smell of insecticides and fear that insecticides may kill their domestic animals (14). This depicts
that some few participants had negative attitude on some malaria preventive measures.

iii. Practice of university students who use different preventive measures against
malaria.

In the study conducted on knowledge and practices regarding malaria control and its treatment
among patients visiting outpatient clinics of civil hospital Khairpur, about 16(12%) respondents
reported using the insecticide treated nets, 115(83%) respondents they had complete compliance
with anti-malarial drugs and about 65(47%) respondents the did nothing on prevention of
mosquitoes’ bite (8).

A cross-sectional study of malaria prevalence in history, bed net utilization, and knowledge
about the disease conducted among Tanzanian college students, 110(44.7%) students reported
that they sleep under a bed net on campus, 33 (13.4%) use antimosquito sprays or ointments
regularly, and the remainder do not protect themselves from malaria infection (12).

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 CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 STUDY SETTING
The study is student based that will be conducted at muhimbili university of health and allied
science, located in ilala district, Dar es Salaam. With total number of undergraduate residing in
campus hostel in 2023 is 600. Campus Hostel is a storey building consists of four blocks, each
with ground and two upper floors. Each block consists of 30 rooms. Each room is resided by four
students.

3.2 S TUDY DESIGN

The study will be descriptive cross-sectional study that employed assessment of knowledge,
attitude and practice on prevention of malaria among undergraduates at muhimbili

3.3 Study population and sampling technique

All students found in campus hostel. The study sample will be obtained by using purposive
sampling technique.

3.4 TARGET POPULATION

All undergraduate students at campus hostel in upanga magharibi ilala district Dar es salaam
during the period of this study will be target population.

3.5 S AMPLE AND SAMPLE TECHNIQUE

The sample size involves 380 students who will be selected by random sampling under purposive
sampling technique in randomly selected rooms. The questionnaire will be used to collect data.
The sample size can be obtained by the following formula;
2
Z p ( 1− p )
n=
ε2

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n = Estimated Sample Size

Z = standard normal deviate of 1.96 on using 95% CI.

P= Estimated proportional of Tanzania college students who use ITN 44.7%(12).

 = margin of error 5%

Estimated proportional (P) will be set at 0.5

n= {1.96² × 0.45 (1-0.45)} ÷ 0.05²

Therefore, sample size is 380

3.6 D ATA COLLECTION

The research data will be collected using a self-administered standardized structured
questionnaire that will be provided to the sampled first year students at Chole hostel so as to
obtain the detailed information which will show the assessment of knowledge, attitude and
practices on malaria prevention among first year at Chole hostel. The data that will be collected
will be on social demographic information and closed ended questions. The frequency, tabulation
and percentages are going to state the findings.

3.7 PILOTING OF THE TOOL

The data collection tools will be pretested before the actual data collection exercise begin.
Twenty self-administered standardized structured questionnaires will be provided to the twenty
(20) sampled undergraduate students at campus hostel so as to obtain the detailed information
which will help to assess their responses and necessary amendments that will be done to ensure
that all information from the field will be captured for example addition of more questions or
changing the structure of the questions.

3.8 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

The quantitative statistic that will be found are going to be used on analysis the population
characteristic on and will be used to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices on prevention
of malaria among first year students at Chole hostel. I will use the database and analyse
statistically with epidemiological information statistical software package of social science
(SPSS). Response frequencies for survey questions were determined and displayed in tabular and
graphical formats. Descriptive analysis will be done by establishing the means and standard
deviation for quantitative variables, proportions and frequencies. Chi-square test and t-test will
be used to determine whether there is significant association between variables at significance
level of probability ≤ 0.05 with 95% Confidence interval.

3.9 S TUDY LIMITATION AND SOLUTION

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Limitation; limited budget

Solution; the research will be conducted effectively according to budget allocated for this study

Also potential bias among the first year underground students as they will not give the real
information about what they have been asked since they are learning in Health University.

Solution; Review and adjustment of any questions which might elicit a favourable answer.

4.0 I NCLUSION CRITERIA

All undergraduates who dwell in Campus Hostel, upanga magharibi in academic year 2022-2023
who will be willing to participate in this study.

5.0 EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA

All undergraduates who will not be present at the time of data collection and those who will not
be willing to participate in the study will not be included as study participants.

6.0 ETHICAL CLEARANCE

Ethical clearance will be obtained from Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science
(MUHAS) Research and publications Committee prior to study. Confidentiality of the
respondents will be maintained where no participant’s names or other personal details will be
included in the questionnaire. It is important to keep the personal details for human right concern
before, during and after engaging in the study.

7.0 RESEARCH PLAN AND BUDGET

7.1 BUDGET
This study will require three hundred thousand shillings where (280,000)/=TSHS which is
funded by HESLB and 100,000 TSHS as private money. This amount will help to run all costs
that will be required for proposal development on January 2021 and report submission
September 2021.

7.2 S CHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES

DECEMBE JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY ACTIVITY
R
Title selection

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 Proposal
development
Proposal
submission
Funds
collection
Data collection
and Analysis
Report writing,
presentation
and submission

7.3 BUDGET JUSTIFICATION

SN ITEMS COST(Tshs)
1 PROPOSAL WRITING AND STATIONARY 180,000
2 TRANSPORTATION 30,000
3 COMMUNICATION 20,000
4 SURVEY 30,000
5 RESERCH REPORTING 60,000
6 EMERGENCY AND CAUTION MONEY 40,000
7 TOTAL 380,000

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8.0 REFERENCES
1. Zadock D, Id M, Nyundo AA, Mpondo BC. Knowledge , attitude and practice towards
malaria among symptomatic patients attending Tumbi Referral Hospital : A cross-
sectional study. 2019;57:1–12.

2. Mufutau A, Joseph O, Olayinka S, Femi E. KNOWLEDGE , ATTITUDE AND

PRACTICES ABOUT MALARIA AMONG MEMBERS OF A UNIVERSITY
COMMUNITY IN KWARA STATE , NIGERIA. 2017;14:2793–803.

3. WHO Africa. World malaria report 2019 [Internet]. WHO Regional Office for Africa.
2019. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria

4. Liu Q, Jing W, Kang L, Liu J, Liu M. Trends of the global , regional and national
incidence of malaria in 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 and. 2021;1–12.

5. Global technical strategy for malaria 2016–2030. 2016;

6. Call W. High burden to high impact A targeted malaria response “ A MASSIVE. :1–8.

7. Bwire GM, Sciences A. Malaria control in Tanzania : Current status and future prospects
Malaria control in Tanzania : Current status and future prospects. 2019;(December):6–10.

8. Imtiaz F, Nisar N, Shafi K, Nawab F. Knowledge and Practices Regarding Malaria

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 Control and its Treatment among Patients Visiting Outpatient Clinics of Civil Hospital
Khairpur Knowledge and Practices Regarding Malaria Control and its Treatment among
Patients Visiting Outpatient Clinics of Civil Hospital Khairpur. 2016;(March 2017).

9. Ross PP, Smith TA, Hodel EM, Kay K, Penny MA. Age - shifting in malaria incidence as
a result of induced immunological deficit : a simulation study. Malar J. 2015;1–14.

10. Haile S, Abera S, Muhdin S, Kumalo A. iMedPub Journals Knowledge and Practice
towards Prevention and Control of Malaria in Tepi Town , Sheka Zone , Southwestern
Ethiopia Abstract. 2015;1–6.

11. Ar-rashid PH, Abubakar UR, Shehu E, Sani M. KNOWLEDGE ON MALARIA AMONG
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FROM NIGERIA LIVING IN DHAKA. 2019;10(12):637–
44.

12. Nyahoga Y, Bochkaeva Z. Cross-Study of Malaria Prevalence in History , Bed Net

Utilization , and Knowledge about the Disease among Tanzanian College Students.
2018;2018.

13. Talipouo A, Ngadjeu CS, Belisse PD, Djonkam LD, Chiana NS, Kopya E, et al. Malaria
prevention in the city of Yaoundé : knowledge and practices of urban dwellers. Malar J
[Internet]. 2019;1–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2799-6

14. Mazigo HD, Obasy E, Mauka W, Manyiri P, Zinga M, Kweka EJ, et al. Knowledge ,
Attitudes , and Practices about Malaria and Its Control in Rural Northwest Tanzania.
2010;2010.

9.0 APPENDIX
9.1A PPENDIX 1: QUESTIONNAIRE (ENGLISH VERSION )
RESEARCH TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND
PRACTICE ON MALARIA PREVENTION AMONG FIRST YEAR STUDENTS AT
CHOLE HOSTEL, MASAKI IN 2021.

QUESTIONNAIRE NO_____________________
DATE OF INTERVIEW ____________________

Greetings! My name is RAHMA ABDUL, a third year student pursuing Bachelor of Science in
Environmental Health Sciences. I am working on the research project entitled “Assessment the
knowledge, attitude and practice malaria prevention among first year students at Chole hostel”.
You are being asked to participate in this study because you have particular knowledge and
experiences that may be important to the success of this study.

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SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS (Circle one appropriate answer)

1. Gender
a) Male
b) Female
2. Age ………………….
3. Degree Programme
a) BSc.EHS
b) B.PHARM
c) MD
d) BMLS
e) DDS
f) BSc. NURSING
g) BSRTT

SECTION B: KNOWLEDGE REGARDING MALARIA (Circle one appropriate answer)

4. Have you ever heard about malaria?

a) Yes
b) No
5. How is malaria transmitted?
a) Mosquito bite
b) Cold
c) Dirt
d) Don’t know
6. Which of the following is mosquito breeding place?
a) Stagnant water
b) Gutters
c) Bushes
d) All of the above
7. When do malaria mosquito bites?
a) Day
b) Night
c) Anytime
d) Don’t Know
8. Which of the following is symptoms of malaria?
a) Fever
b) Headaches
c) Body pain
d) All of the above
9. Which of the following is among malaria preventive measures?
a) Sleeping under insecticide treated net

21
 b) Using mosquito repellents
c) Clearing bushes
d) All of the above

SECTION C: ATTITUDE ON MALARIA PREVENTION (Circle one appropriate

answer)

10. Anyone can be infected with malaria

a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Strongly disagree
d) Disagree
11. Malaria can be completely eradicated
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Strongly disagree
d) Disagree
12. Malaria is a preventable disease
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Strongly disagree
d) Disagree
a) Disagree
13. Only children and expectant women have the risk of contracting malaria
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Strongly disagree
d) Disagree
14. It is important to sleep under insecticide treated net every night
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Strongly disagree
d) Disagree
15. During night time, sleeping under mosquito net can prevent malaria.
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Strongly disagree
d) Disagree
16. Clearing bushes and removing stagnant water interrupt malaria transmission
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree

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 c) Strongly disagree
d) Disagree

SECTION D: PRACTICES ON MALARIA PREVENTION (Circle one appropriate

answer)

17. Do you sleep under insecticide treated mosquito net?

a) Yes
b) No
18. Do you use mosquito repellents?
a) Yes
b) No
19. Have you ever sprayed Insecticide in your room to prevent malaria?
a) Yes
b) No
20. How often do you sleep under insecticide treated net?
a) Always
b) Sometimes
c) I don’t use
21. How often do you use mosquito repellents?
a) Always
b) Sometimes
c) I don’t use
22. How often do you spray insecticide in your room?
a) Always
b) Sometimes
c) I don’t use

9.2 APPENDIX 2: I NFORMED CONSENT AGREEMENT

MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Consent to participate in this study

Greetings! My name is RAHMA ABDUL, a third year student pursuing Bachelor of Science in
Environmental Health Sciences. I am working on the research project entitled “Assessment the
knowledge, attitude and practice on prevention of malaria among first year students at Chole
hostel”. You are being asked to participate in this study because you have particular knowledge
and experiences that may be important to the success of this study.

Confidentiality

23
I assure you that all the information collected from you will be kept confidential. Only people
working in this research study will have access to the information. We will be compiling a
report, which will contain responses from several students without any reference to individuals.
We will not put your name or other identifying information on the records of the information you
provide.

Rights to Withdraw and Alternatives

Taking part in this study is completely your choice. If you choose not to participate in the study
or if you decide to stop participating in the study you will not get any harm. You can stop
participating in this study at any time, even if you have already given your consent. Refusal to
participate or withdrawal from the study will not involve penalty or loss of any benefits to which
you are otherwise entitled.

Signature

I ______________________ have read/understood the contents in this form. My questions have

been answered. I agree to participate in this study.

Signature of Participant _________________________

Signature of research assistant _________________________
Date of signed consent _________________________

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