Module 2:

OSH Situation in
the Global and
Local Levels
AC Calumpita
Melvin Cabalonga
Jeny Mae Fernandez
BSEE 1A
 Objectives
By the end of this session, learners would be able to:

● Explain the current OSH situation, both at the local and international
levels.

● Identify the problems/issues associated with OSH conditions in the

country.
 Global OSH Data: International Labour Organization (ILO)
Safework Introductory Report

● 2.3 million men and women workers die each year (fatal work-related accidents
and diseases)
● 337 million victims of occupational accidents and diseases every year (causing
4 days absence form work)
● Close to 50% of the deaths attributed to work take place in Asia
● Death rates five to six times higher in developing countries than in industrialized
nations and in developing countries where, every year, around 170,000
agricultural workers and 320,000 people die from exposures to biological risks
such as viral, bacterial, insect or animal related risks.
Global OSH figures
Estimated numbers and incidence rates of fatal work-related accidents and diseases: global trends

Year Number of fatal Fatal Accident Number of fatal Total number of

accidents incident rates* diseases fatal accidents
and diseases

1998 345,000 16.4 - -

2001 351,000 15.2 2.3 million 2.38 million

2003 358,000 13.8 1.95 million 2.31 million

2008 321,000 10.7 2.02 million 2.34 million

*Accident incidence rates are the numbers of accidents per 100,000 workers
 Philippine Labor and OSH statistics
According to the latest
Labor Force Survey (LFS) EMPLOYED PERSONS
of the National Statistics Number (In thousands)
Office (NSO), the 36200
Philippine labor force/ 36000
economically active
35800
population, which refers to
35600
persons 15 years old and
above who are employed 35400 36,047
or underemployed, totals 35200
38.905M in October 2010. 35000
34800
34600
34400
2009 2010

35,062 EMPLOYED PERSONS

Number (In thousands)
 Philippine Labor and OSH statistics

INDUSTRY SECTOR 2009 INDUSTRY SECTOR 2010

Agriculture Agriculture
Services 34.40% Services 33.20%
51.10% 51.80%

Industry Industry
14.50% 15.00%
 Philippine Labor and OSH statistics
Occupation Officials of government and special
0.40% interest organizations, corporate
Special occupations executives, managers, managing
proprietors and supervisors
13.80% Professionals
Laborers and
4.70%
unskilled workers
32.30% 2.60% Technicians and associate
5.60% professionals

Plant and machine 10.60%

operators and Clerks
assemblers 6.30%
16.00%
7.70% Service workers and
shop and market sales
workers

Trades and related workers

Farmers, forestry workers and fishermen
 CLASS OF WORKER

Worked without pay in Wage and salary workers

11.50%
own family-operated
3.90% 54.40%
farm or business
11.50%

54.40% Self-employed without

30.20% any paid employee
Employer in own
30.20%
family-operated farm
or business
3.90%
 Working 40 hours and over 63.5%

Working less than 40 hours

35.2%

Did not work

1.3%

On the average, employed persons

worked 41.7 hours a 41.7
week in 2010.
• The number of underemployed workers in 2010 was 6.8 million,
representing an annual underemployment rate of 18.7 percent.

• Underemployed workers are persons who express the desire to

have additional hours of work in the present job, or to have an
additional job, or to have a new job with longer working hours.

• The lowest underemployment rate was observed in Central Luzon

Female,
(9.1%) while the highest was noted in Bicol Region (36.8%). 36.7
• About 2.9 million Filipinos were unemployed in 2010 representing Male,
an unemployment rate of 7.3 percent for the year. 63.3
• The unemployed persons who have attained high school
accounted for 45.2 percent of all unemployed.

• The proportion of unemployed males was greater than that of

their female counterparts (63.3% compared to 36.7%).
July 2011 Current Labor Statistics of the DOLE Bureau of Labor and
Employment Statistics (BLES)

OFW
Land-based

347150 Sea-based
6.53M 1.47M
June 2010 1123676
• Taken in 2007-2008 and released in 2010, the latest
Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics (BLES)
Integrated Survey (BITS) on cases of occupational injuries Occupational
and diseases that affected private sector establishments
covered 6,460 sample non-agricultural establishments with Accidents
20 or more workers. It now covers 65 industries, including 70000
shipbuilding and boat repair (manufacturing), bus line
58720
operations (transport, storage, and communications), 60000
accounting, bookkeeping, and auditing; tax consultancy, 52515
50000 46570
architectural, engineering, and related technical 44800
consultancy; call center activities, medical transcription,
and related outsourcing activities (real estate, renting, and 40000
business activities); and animated films and cartoons
30000
production (manufacturing).
• The BITS results reveal that a total of 44,800 occupational
20000
accidents occurred in 4,600 non-agricultural
establishments employing 20 or more workers in 2007, 10000
a figure lower by 14.7% than the 52,515 accidents that
affected 4, 824 establishments in 2003. Occupational 0
injuries resulting from workplace accidents declined by 2003 2007
20.7% from 58,720 in 2003 to 46,570 in 2007.
 • Cases that required absence/s from work stood at
23,265 in 2003 and 20,386 in 2007 or a reduction of
12.4%. Almost all cases with workdays lost in 2007
Figure 2 were temporary disabilities (20,109). This is 12.4%
lower than the caseload of 22,964 in 2003.
• Fatalities decreased by 31.8% (from 170 in 2003 to
116 in 2007. However those permanently
incapacitated increased by 23.7 % (from 131 in
2003 to 162 in 2007).
• Machines, equipment, hand tools, materials,
buildings, structures, and chemical compounds all
contribute to workplace accidents and injuries.
• On the other hand, instruction on the right handling
and correct operation of machines, use of personal
protection equipment (PPE) precautions and
carefulness in work prevent accidents and improve
safety in enterprises.
OSH issues and concerns
● Low compliance rate to OSH standards (OSHS)

● Limited coverage of the OSHS

● Absence of strict penalties

● Fragmented OSH administration

● Outdated OSH standards

 OSH issues
Rule 1050 of the Philippine
Occupational Safety and
Health Standards (OSHS)
requires all employers to
report all work accidents or
● Under reporting of work-related accidents and occupational illnesses
illnesses. resulting to disabling
● Lack of OSH facilities in the regions conditions to the DOLE
Regional Office in their area.
● Inadequate number of trained OSH personnel
● Absence of strict penalties.
● Weak enforcement on OSHS laws
● Fragmented OSH administration.
● Public apathy on OSH concerns
● Low priority on OSH by both management and labor.
 Emerging issues in OSH

● Women workers’ OSH

● Child labor

● OSH in the information sector, agriculture, schools, information

technology sector, call centers, etc.

● Lifestyle diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Smoking, drugs/substance

abuse

● OSH of migrants workers, sea-farers, etc.

 Definition of Terms:
● Occupational accident - an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence arising out
of or in connection with work which results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury, disease or
death. It can occur outside the usual workplace/premises of the establishment while the worker is on
business on behalf of his/her employer, i.e., in another establishment or while on travel, transport or in
road traffic.
● Occupational injury - an injury which results from a work-related event or a single instantaneous
exposure in the work environment (occupational accident). Where more than one person is injured in a
single accident, each case of occupational injury should be counted separately. If one person is injured in
more than one occupational accident during the reference period, each case of injury to that person
should be counted separately. Recurrent absences due to an injury resulting from a single occupational
accident should be treated as the continuation of the same case of occupational injury not as a new
case.
● Temporary incapacity - case where an injured person was absent from work for at least one day,
excluding the day of the accident, and 1) was able to perform again the normal duties of the job or
position occupied at the time of the occupational accident or 2) will be able to perform the same job but
his/her total absence from work is expected not to exceed a year starting the day after the accident, or 3)
did not return to the same job but the reason for changing the job is not related to his/her inability to
perform the job at the time of the occupational accident.
● Permanent incapacity - case where an injured person was absent from work for at least one
day, excluding the day of the accident, and 1) was never able to perform again the normal
duties of the job or position occupied at the time of the occupational accident, or 2) will be able
to perform the same job but his/her total absence from work is expected to exceed a year
starting the day after the accident.

● Fatal case - case where a person is fatally injured as a result of occupational accident whether
death occurs immediately after the accident or within the same reference year as the accident.

● Frequency Rate (FR) – refers to cases of occupational injuries with workdays lost per
1,000,000 employee-hours of exposure.

● Incidence Rate (IR) – refers to cases of occupational injuries with workdays lost per 1,000
workers.

● Severity Rate (SR) – refers to workdays lost of cases of occupational injuries resulting to
temporary incapacity per 1,000,000 employee-hours of exposure.

● Average Workdays Lost – refer to workdays lost for every case of occupational injury resulting
to temporary incapacity.
Fin.