Class 7 Science Chapter 17 – Forests: Our Lifeline

Question 1: Explain how animals dwelling in the forest help it grow and regenerate.
Answer: The animals in forests are of various types. These could be herbivores, carnivores, micro-
organisms, etc. These play an important role in maintaining the food chains.
(i) Micro-organisms convert the dead plants and animals to humus. This humus helps in returning the
nutrients back to the soil. These are absorbed by plants.
(ii) The animals also help in dispersing the seeds of certain plants.
(iii) The decaying animal dung provides nutrients to various types of seedlings to grow.
All these activities of animals dwelling in the forest help it to grow and regenerate.
Question 2: Explain how forests prevent floods.
Answer: Forest acts as a natural absorber of water. It allows rain water to seep through. In the absence of
trees, the rain water would hit the ground directly resulting in flood. However, because of the presence of
trees, rain water does not hit the ground directly. It rather hits the ground slowly. Hence, before flooding,
all the rain water seeps through ground. In this way, forests prevent floods.
Question 3: What are decomposers? Name any two of them. What do they do in the forest?
Answer: Decomposers are micro-organisms that convert the dead plants and animals to humus.
Bacteria and fungi are the two types of decomposers.
They help in the process of recycling of nutrients by decomposing various dead organisms such as plants
and animals to form humus.
Question 4: Explain the role of forest in maintaining the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere.
Answer: Forests are called the green lungs. This is because plants in forests release oxygen through the
process of photosynthesis and help in providing oxygen to animals for respiration. Plants consume
carbon dioxide released by the animals. In this way, plants help in maintaining a balance of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in atmosphere.
Question 5: Explain why there is no waste in a forest.
Answer: There is no waste in a forest because micro-organisms act on the wastes and convert them to
humus. This humus ensures that the nutrients are returned back to the soil.
Question 6: List five products we get from forests.
Answer: (i) Medicines (ii) Wood (iii) Paper (iv) Oil (v) Gum
Question 7: Fill in the blank:
(a) The insects, butterflies, honeybees and birds help flowering plants in pollination.
(b) A forest is a purifier of air and water.
(c) Herbs form the lowest layer in the forest.
(d) The decaying leaves and animal droppings in a forest enrich the soil.
Question 8: Why should we worry about the conditions and issues related to forests far from us?
Answer: There are various reasons for which we should be vigilant about matters related to forests.
(i) A decrease in forest area would lead to an increase in carbon dioxide in air. This will lead to an
increase of earth’s temperature.
(ii) Soil erosion would occur if there are no forests.
(iii) Floods would be more frequent in absence of forests.
(iv) Forests provide shelter and food to animals. When forests are adversely affected, the habitats of wild
animals are also adversely affected. Therefore, we need to conserve our forests.
Question 9: Explain why there is a need of variety of animals and plants in a forest.
Answer: A greater variety of plants and animals in the forests helps it to regenerate and grow. Greater
variety of plants means more food and habitat for the herbivores. An increase in herbivores means more
food for carnivores. Decomposers help to maintain the supply of nutrients to the soil and to the growing
plants. This wide variety makes forest a dynamic living entity.
Question 10: In figure17. 15 ( page no 218), the artist has forgotten to put the labels and directions on the
arrows. Mark the directions on the arrows and label the diagram using the following labels:
clouds, rain, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, oxygen, plants, animals, soil, roots, water table
Answer:

Question 11: Which of the following is not a forest product?

(i) Gum (ii) Plywood (iii) Sealing wax (iv) Kerosene Answer: (iv)Kerosene
Question 12:
Which of the following statements is not correct?
(i) Forests protect the soil from erosion. (ii) Plants and animals in a forest are not dependent on one
another.
(iii) Forests influence the climate and water cycle. (iv) Soil helps forests to grow and regenerate.
Answer: (ii)Plants and animals in a forest are not dependent on one another.
Question 13: Micro-organisms act upon the dead plants to produce
(i) sand (ii) mushrooms (iii) humus (iv) wood
Answer: (iii) humus

Class 7 Science Chapter 18 – Wastewater Story

Question 1: Fill in the blanks:
(a) Cleaning of water is a process of removing pollutants.
(b) Wastewater released by houses is called sewage.
(c) Dried sludge is used as manure.
(d) Drains get blocked by cooking oil and fats.

Question 2: What is sewage? Explain why it is harmful to discharge untreated sewage into rivers or seas.
Answer: Sewage is the wastewater containing both liquid and solid wastes produced by human activities
from homes, industries, hospitals, offices, etc.
Sewage contains various contaminants including disease-causing bacteria and other microbes. If
untreated sewage is discharged into rivers or seas, then the water in the rivers or seas would also get
contaminated. If this contaminated water is used for drinking, then it can cause diseases such as cholera,
typhoid, dysentery, etc. which may lead to death. That is why it is harmful to discharge untreated sewage
into rivers or seas.

Question 3: Why should oils and fats be not released in the drain? Explain.
Answer: Oils and fats harden and block the sewage pipes. In an open drain also, fats block porosity of soil
which affects its water filtering efficiency. That is why oils and fats should not be released in the drain.

Question 4: Describe the steps involved in getting clarified water from wastewater.
Answer: The steps involved in getting clarified water from wastewater are as follows:
(i)Use an aerator to bubble air through the wastewater. A mechanical stirrer or a mixer can also be used
in place of the aerator. This helps in reducing bad odour of the wastewater.
(ii)Then, the water is filtered through the layers of sand, fine gravel, and medium gravel. Filtration makes
the wastewater clean from various types of pollutants. The water is filtered continuously until it becomes
clear.
(iii)Then any disinfectant such as chlorine tablet is added to the filtrate and stirred to obtain completely
clear water.

Question 5: What is sludge? Explain how it is treated.

Answer: Semi-solids such as faeces that settle down during wastewater treatment are called sludge. This
sludge is removed using a scraper and then transferred to a tank where it is decomposed by anaerobic
bacteria to produce biogas. This biogas is used as a low-cost fuel for heating, cooking, etc. It is also used to
produce electricity.

Question 6: Untreated human excreta is a health hazard. Explain.

Answer: Untreated human excretions are a health hazard. It causes pollution of soil and water including
the underground water. Thus, it contaminates the sources of water from which people collect water for
drinking and household purposes. When this contaminated water is used for drinking, it can cause
diseases such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, dysentery, etc., which may even lead to death.

Question 7: Name two chemicals used to disinfect water.

Answer: Two chemicals used to disinfect water are chlorine and ozone.

Question 8: Explain the function of bar screens in a wastewater treatment plant.

Answer: In a wastewater treatment plant, bar screen removes large solid objects from water. The
wastewater is allowed to pass through bar screen so that large solid objects such as rags, napkins, sticks,
cans, plastic bags, polythene, etc. present in wastewater can be removed.

Question 9: Explain the relationship between sanitation and disease.

Answer: Sanitation and disease are related to each other as lack of sanitation can cause diseases.
In our country, a large number of people even today do not have sewerage facilities and thus defecate in
open fields, railway tracks, etc. The untreated human excreta thus pollute soil and water sources
including the underground water. When this contaminated water is used for drinking, it can cause
diseases such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, dysentery, etc. which may even lead to death.
Therefore, lack of sanitation resulting in drinking of contaminated water can cause health problems.

Question 10: Outline your role as an active citizen in relation to sanitation.

Answer: A citizen has many responsibilities regarding sanitation. Among other things, an active citizen
should do the following with regard to maintaining proper sanitation:
(i) Ensure that his surroundings (both inside and outside home) are clean.
(ii) Ensure that the sewerage system in his house is properly managed.
(iii) If he notices some leakage or other problem in the sewerage system, he should report it to the
municipality.

Question 11: Crossword puzzle:

Across
3. Liquid waste products: SEWAGE
4. Solid waste extracted in sewage treatment: SLUDGE
6. A word related to hygiene: SANITATION
8. Waste matter discharged from human body:EXCRETA
Down
1. Used water : WASTE WATER
2. A pipe carrying sewage ; SEWER
5. Micro-organism which causes cholera : BACTERIA
7. A chemical to disinfect water: OZONE
Answer:

Question 12: Study the following statements about ozone:

(a) It is essential for breathing of living organisms.
(b) It is used to disinfect water.
(c) It absorbs ultraviolet rays.
(d) Its proportion in air is about 3%.
Which of these statements are correct?
(i) (a), (b) and (c) (ii) (b) and (c) (iii) (a) and (d) (iv) All four
Answer: (ii) (b) and (c)