MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING HASSAN

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION UNDER VTU BELGAUM)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,

HASSAN

TOPIC: SOIL POLLUTION

PRESENTED BY:
NAVEEN GR 4MC21ME429

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. Dileep K J. BE.
M.Tech. Assistant

Professor
ME Department MCE, Hassan
Introduction

Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds us. It is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21%
oxygen, 0.9%argon. The remaining elements include carbon dioxide, water vapour,
hydrogen. Although gases like carbon dioxide and methane may only exist in small
absolute concentrations, their outsized heat-trapping potential as greenhouse gases
makes them the major factor inaccelerating climate change. Air pollution occurs
when there is an alteration to the composition of air, either by volume, or in the
chemical, physical, or biological properties. The atmosphere is a delicate balance of
elements and particles. Any imbalance, even in small proportions can be detrimental
to living organisms including animals and crops.
Sources of Air Pollutants
• Vehicles
• Construction Activities
• Humans
• Industrial sources
• Thermal power stations

⦁
TRANSPORTION

The environmental effects of transport are significant

because transport is a major user of energy, and burns
most of the world's petroleum. This creates air pollution,
including nitrous oxides and particulates, and is a
significant contributor to global warming through
emission of carbon dioxide. Within the transport sector,
road transport is the largest contributor to global
warming.
Industries Air Pollution
After the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing and technology made
advances, which resulted in more factories and more
industry. These factories emitted smoke into the air.
The effects of the smoke, along with the pollution that
industries caused to water and even the land beneath
and around the factories were becoming obvious.
Industrial pollution was also pointed out as a major
factor in wildlife extinction and eventually, even global
warming. The global environment, even areas that are
not industrial, have been impacted. Arctic and Antarctic
ice samples have been shown to have high levels of
pollutants, demonstrating the great distances that
pollutants can travel. It became clear that environmental
degradation was happening as a direct result of
industrial pollution and something needed to be done.
Day to Day Activities Cause Air Pollution
After the industrial effluents, human activities are one of the major
sources of air pollution and the resultant global warming. It is the
use of emission releasing products along with certain activities that
amount to the pollutants. Such human activities not only pollute the
outside air but the indoor
air too.
In fact, according to the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) in U.S.A., the air indoors is five times more polluted
than the air outside.
• The burning of wood
• The kitchen stoves we use
• Packaged spray products
• Household appliances
Number Of Deaths Due To Air Pollution
 TYPES OF AIR POLLUTANT

The primary pollutants are “directly”

emitted from the processes such as fossil
fuel consumption, Volcanic eruption
and factories. The major primary
pollutants are Oxides of Sulphur, Oxides of Nitrogen,
Oxides of Carbon, Particulate Matter, Methane, Ammonia,
Chlorofluorocarbons, Toxic metals etc.

The secondary pollutants are not

emitted directly.
The secondary pollutants form when the primary pollutants
react with themselves or other components of the
atmosphere. Most important secondary level Air
Pollutants are Ground Level Ozone,
Smog and POPs (Persistent Organic
Pollutants).
INDUSTRIAL SOURCES OF POLLUTION

❑ Liquid soap factory

❑ Sulphuric Acid factory

❑ Plastic industry

❑ Acid manufacturing units

❑ Phosphate fertilized industry

❑ Inorganic chemical plants

❑ Metal industry

Aluminum plants
 MAJOR PRIMARY POLLUTANTS

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Ammonia (NH3)

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Sulphur Oxides (SOx)

Heavy metals (As,Cd,Pb,Hg)

Volatile Organic Compounds

How to Reduce Air Pollution.

▪ We can reduce air pollution by conserving energyby

turning off lights, computers, air conditioners andother
appliances when not in use.
▪ Encourage your employees to use public transportor you can
arrange a bus from a common point for your employees.
▪ When purchasing a vehicle for your companyconsider
buying most efficient, lowest polluting or if possible zero
emission electric vehicle.
▪ Choose materials which are made from recycledmaterials
Encourage activities like planting trees once a yearamong
employees
▪ Give awards to employees who reduced emissions in their shifts
▪ Improve machineries or manufacturing processes toreduce
emissions from factories
▪ Boosting performance of boilers can sharply reduceair
pollution from industry
▪ To identify irregularities in pollutants level in air andkeep your pollutants
level within limits.
▪ Smoking and burning crackers isn’t really ideal, andshould be avoided as much
as possible.
▪ Industrial gases on a worldwide scale should be properly treated before being
discharged.