Manual Mantenimiento G930 - 940 - 946 - 960 (Ingle Üs)

Table of Contents Página 1 de 219
Foreword
This Operator's Manual is intended as a guide for the correct use and maintenance of the machine. Study it
carefully before starting and operating the machine, or before carrying out any preventive maintenance.
Keep the manual in the cab so that it is always at hand. Replace it immediately if it becomes lost.
The manual describes the applications for which the machine primarily is intended and is written to apply for
all markets. Please disregard the sections which are not applicable to your machine or to the work for which
you use your machine.
Many hours are spent on design and production to make a machine that is as efficient and safe as possible.
The accidents which occur in spite of this are mostly caused by the human factor. A safety conscious person
and a well maintained machine make a safe, efficient and profitable combination. Therefore, read the safety
instructions and follow them.
We continually strive to improve our products and to make them more efficient through changes to their
design. We retain the right to this without committing ourselves to introducing these improvements on
products, which have already been delivered. We also retain the right to change data and equipment, as well
as instructions for service and other maintenance measures without prior notice.
Safety regulations
It is the operator's obligation to know and follow the applicable national and local safety regulations. The
safety instructions in this manual only apply to cases when there are no national or local regulations.
The symbol above appears at various points in the manual together with a warning text. It means:
Warning, be alert! Your safety is involved! It is the obligation of the operator to make sure that all
warning decals are in place on the machine and that they are readable. Accidents may otherwise
occur.
Get to know the capacity and limits of your machine!

This manual applies to machines with Serial Numbers 39300 and up.
Table of Contents
Foreword 1
Identification numbers 2
Table of Contents 3
Presentation 5
CE marking, EMC directive 9
Communication equipment,
installation 10
Product plates 11
Information and warning plates / decals 12
The USA Federal Clean Air Act 16
Instrument panels 19
Side console instrument panel 20
Centre instrument panel 26
Pedestal instrument panel 33
Electrical distribution panel 40
Display unit 42
Alarm texts 52
Other controls 57
Operator comfort 59
Hydraulic controls 68
http://smrp-prod.volvo.com/e894ext/e894pub/9603/html/VOE21C1001930w/... 22-08-2007
Other controls 74
Operating instructions 75
Safety rules when operating 76
Measures before operating 80
Starting engine 81
Gear shifting 83
Steering 92
Braking 94
Differential lock 96
Stopping machine 97
Parking 98
Recovering / towing 99
Transporting machine 101
Operating techniques 103
Attachments 104
Attaching and disconnecting attachments 105
Scarifier 106
Ripper 107
Scarifier, ripper and dozer blade operation 108
Turning around using articulation 109
Making a three point turn 110
Moldboard 111
Blade lift system 112
Grading around an object 120
Grading on an `S' curve shoulder 121
Right-hand levelling 123
Left-hand levelling 124
Road construction 125
Signalling diagram 136
Safety when servicing 137
Before service read 138
Fire prevention 141
Handling hazardous materials 143
Service and maintenance 147
Service points, G930, G940, G946 and G960 150
Service points, G970, G976 and G990 151
Engine 152
Fuel system 154
Turbocharger 156
Air cleaner 157
Oil-bath precleaner
(optional equipment) 159
Cooling system 160
Electrical system 164
Transmission 168
Rear axle 170
Tandems 171
Brake system 172
All Wheel Drive 175
Cab 176
Air conditioning (optional equipment) 177
Hydraulic system 179
Tyres 182
Greasing bearings 183
Service schedule 184
Lubrication and service chart, G930 to G960 185
Specifications 193
Capacities 198
Engine G930 to G960 199

Power transmission 204
Brakes / steering system 205
Recommended air pressure 206
Cab 207
Dimensional drawing 210
Machine weights 211
Service history 213
Alphabetical index 217
Subject Index 219
Presentation
Intended use
The machine is intended to be used under normal conditions for
the operations described in the Operator's Manual. If it is used
for other purposes or in potentially dangerous environments, for
example, an explosive atmosphere, areas with dust containing
asbestos, etc., special safety regulations must be followed and
the machine must be equipped for such use. Contact the
manufacturer / dealer for further information.
Machine Operating Temperature Range
The standard machine configuration is intended for use within
an ambient temperature range of -40°C (-40°F) to 50°C (122°
F). Special configurations for different ambient temperatures
may be available. Consult your Volvo dealer for any additional
information or special configurations of your machine.
Engine
G930, G940, G946, G960

G930 Volvo D7EGCE3, G940 Volvo D7EGBE3, G946 and
G960 Volvo D7EGAE3.
A 7.2 litre (439 in3) six cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection,
low-emission engine which is turbocharged with charge air
cooling of the air to air type. Common rail fuel system and IEGR
(internal exhaust gas recirculation) are controlled by the engine
electronic control unit (E-ECU) software. The engine has wet,
replaceable cylinder liners and two valves per cylinder with
replaceable valve guides and valve seat inserts. The
accelerator position is transferred electrically from the
accelerator pedal to the control unit (E-ECU). All models have
VHP (Variable horsepower).
G970, G976, G990

G970 Volvo D9BGAE3, G976 and G990 Volvo D9BGBE3.
A 9.4 litre (574 in3) six cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection,
low-emission engine which is turbocharged with charge air
cooling of the air to air type. Overhead camshaft and unit
injectors and IEGR (internal exhaust gas recirculation) are
controlled by the engine electronic control unit (E-ECU)
software. The engine has wet, replaceable cylinder liners and
two valves per cylinder with replaceable valve guides and valve
seat inserts. The accelerator position is transferred electrically
from the accelerator pedal to the control unit (E-ECU). All
models have VHP (Variable horsepower).
VHP
All Volvo grader models have engines that provide three
different power levels depending on the gear selected by the
operator.
Transmission gear
VHP engine power range
HTE840 HTE1160
Low F1, F2, R1 F1, F2, F3, R1, R2
Mid F3, F4, F5, R2, R3 F4, F5, F6, F7, R3, R4
High F6, F7, F8, R4 F8, F9, F10, F11, R5, R6
Electrical system
The electrical system is a 24VDC, negative-ground system.
Power is supplied by two 12VDC batteries connected in series.
Battery charging is accomplished using a standard 80 amp
alternator or an optional 100 amp alternator. Electrical power
can be isolated using a battery disconnect switch.
The machine has three electronic control units (ECUs).
The I-ECU for the instrumentation is integrated with the display
unit, warning lamps and instruments, and provides the operator
with information via these.
The V-ECU (for the machine) receives signals from sensors on
the machine and these are passed on to the I-ECU and E-ECU.
The V-ECU is placed in the electrical distribution box on the
back wall of the cab.
The E-ECU controls the engine. For D7 engines, the E-ECU is
installed in the cooling module. For D9 engines, the E-ECU is
installed on the engine.
Power transmission
All machine models are equipped with the standard HTE840
powershift transmission, which has 8 forward and 4 reverse
speeds. All machine models can be equipped with the optional
HTE1160 powershift transmission, which has 11 forward and 6
reverse speeds. Both transmissions are direct drive, fully
sequential units using a countershaft design.
Rear axle / tandems

Models G930, G940, G946 and G960 are equipped with the
APR70 rear axle. Models G970, G976 and G990 are equipped
with the APR90 rear axle. Each has an operator-controlled
lock / unlock differential. Tandem wheels are chain-driven.
Brake system
Hydraulically actuated, oil disc service brakes are located at the

four tandem drive wheels. The crossover dual braking circuits
provide even braking on both sides of the machine.
If the engine stalls or hydraulic boost pressure becomes
unavailable, full braking capability is available through a reserve
system. An electric motor and hydraulic pump unit supplies the
power required to bring the machine to a safe stop.
Parking brake
The parking brake is a spring applied / hydraulically released,
wet multiple disc brake. The brake assembly is installed inside
the rear axle housing. In the event of transmission system
pressure loss, an accumulator in the circuit stores system
pressure and allows the parking brake to remain released for
about 20 minutes.
Steering system
The steering system is a closed-centre, dynamic signal, load
sensing system. The hydraulic steering system incorporates
two steering cylinders and the turning arc is 50°. The leaning
wheel and articulating frame features can be used to decrease
the turning radius. Secondary steering is available as an option.
Cab and frame

Enclosed cabs can be provided with pressurised air
conditioning and / or heating systems as options. All controls
are housed in the fully adjustable steering pedestal and the
right-hand side console. Ergonomic seating and hydraulic
control lever placement ensure operator comfort and efficiency.
The frame articulates 23° (models G930 to G960), 21° (models
G970 to G990) to the left or to the right and uses lock valves to
ensure stable operation.
FOPS and ROPS

The cab is approved as a protective cab according to the FOPS
and ROPS standards, see page 207. FOPS is an abbreviation
of Falling Object Protective Structure (roof protection) and
ROPS is an abbreviation of Roll Over Protective Structure (roll
over protection).
Never carry out any unauthorised alterations to the cab without
first, through a dealer, having discussed the alteration with the
Volvo CE Engineering Department. The department will decide
whether the alteration may cause the ROPS approval to
become void.
Hydraulic system
The closed-centre hydraulic system uses a pressure and flow
compensated (load sensing) variable displacement piston
pump. The pump supplies oil to the implements and the
steering.
The cooling fan is driven by a hydraulic motor. Fan speed is
variable and is determined by various cooling requirements.
The fan operates between pre-determined minimum and
maximum speeds. The fan remains at its minimum speed until
there is a demand for cooling. Fan speed will automatically
increase with the demand for cooling.
Lock valves are incorporated in the blade lift, moldboard tilt,
circle shift, wheel lean and articulation hydraulic circuits to
prevent cylinder drift. The control levers are short throw,
feathering type located on a fully adjustable steering pedestal.
All Wheel Drive

G946 and G976 are All Wheel Drive (AWD) models. The AWD
system is powered by two electronically controlled, variable
displacement hydraulic pumps in separate closed loop systems.
Each pump supplies one front wheel motor.
Front wheel motors are two-speed, high torque, radial piston,
cam lobe type. Each wheel motor has a separate speed sensor.
Equipment and attachments

The circle, drawbar and moldboard equipment is fully
manoeuvrable using hydraulic cylinders. Blade mobility permits
steep ditch cutting angles and back sloping outside of overall
machine width. The circle is held in place by adjustable clamp
plates and guide shoes. Bearing surfaces are faced with
`Duramide?' for maximum service life. Hardened teeth are cut
on the outside of the circle. The moldboard is provided with a
replaceable cutting edge and end bits. The drawbar is a narrow
"T" design for optimum visibility to the work area. Five common
attachments include:
Mid-mounted scarifier
Front-mounted scarifier
Rear-mounted ripper
Front-mounted dozer blade
Front-mounted push block
Modifications
Modifications to this machine including the use of unauthorised
attachments, accessories, assemblies or parts may affect the
integrity of the machine and/or the ability of the machine to
perform as designed. Persons or organisations making
unapproved modifications assume all liability arising from or
related to the modification, including any adverse affect on the
machine.
No modifications of any kind should be made to this product
unless the specific modification has been officially approved in
writing by Volvo Construction Equipment. Volvo Construction
Equipment reserves the right to reject any and all warranty
claims which arise from or are related to unauthorised
modifications.
Modifications are officially approved if at least one of the
following conditions is met:
1 The attachment, accessory, assembly or part is manufactured
or distributed by Volvo Construction Equipment and installed
in a factory approved manner as described in the
publications available from Volvo Construction Equipment;
or
2 The modification has been approved in writing by the Product
Line Engineering Department of Volvo Construction
Equipment.
CE marking, EMC directive
CE marking
(Declaration of Conformity)
(Only applies to machines marketed within the EU / EEA.)
This machine is CE marked. This means that when delivered
the machine meets the applicable "Essential Health and Safety
Requirements", which are given in the EU Machinery Safety
Directive, 98/37/EC.
Any person carrying out changes that affect the safety of the
machine, is also responsible for the same.
As proof that the requirements are met, the machine is supplied
with an EU Declaration of Conformity, issued by Volvo CE for
each separate machine. This EU declaration also covers
attachments manufactured by Volvo CE. The documentation is
a valuable document, which should be kept safe and retained
for at least ten years. The document should always accompany
the machine when it is sold.
If the machine is used for other purposes or with other
attachments than described in this manual, safety must at all
times and in each separate case be maintained. The person
carrying out such action is also responsible for the action which,
in some cases, may require a new CE marking and the issue of
a new EU Declaration of Conformity.
EU EMC Directive
The electronic equipment of the machine may in some cases
cause interference to other electronic equipment, or suffer from
external electromagnetic interference, which may constitute
safety risks.
The EU EMC directive about "Electromagnetic compatibility",
89/336/EEC, provides a general description of what demands
can be made on the machine out of a safety point of view,
where permitted limits have been determined and given
according to international standards.
A machine or device which meets the requirements should be
CE marked. Our machines have been tested particularly for
electromagnetic interference. The CE marking of the machine
and the declaration of conformity also cover the EMC directive.
If other electronic equipment is fitted to this machine, the
equipment must be CE marked and tested on the machine with
regard to electromagnetic interference.
installation
IMPORTANT! All installation of optional electronic
communication equipment must be performed by trained
professionals and in accordance with the Volvo CE
instructions.
Protection against electromagnetic interference

This machine has been tested in accordance with EU directive
89/336/EEC governing electromagnetic interference. It is
therefore very important that all non-approved electronic
accessories, such as communication equipment, should be
tested before installation and use, since they can cause
interference to the electronic systems in the machine.
Mobile telephones
To obtain the best functionality, mobile telephones should be
permanently installed in the electrical system of the machine,
with a permanent aerial fixed on the cab and installed as
advised by the manufacturer. If a portable mobile telephone is
used, note that it can constantly transmit information to its base
station, even when the telephone is not used . For this reason,
it should not be placed beside electronic equipment in the
machine, such as directly on a control panel etc.
Guidelines
The guidelines given below must be followed during installation:
The aerial placement must be chosen to give good

adaptation to the surroundings.
The down lead from the aerial must be of the coaxial
type. Make sure that the cable is undamaged, that
the sheath and braid are not split at the ends, the
braid covers the connector ferrules and has good
galvanic contact with them.
The mating surface between the aerial mounting bracket
and the bodywork must be clean metal surfaces, with
all dirt and oxide removed. Protect the mating
surfaces against corrosion after installation, to
maintain good galvanic contact.
Remember to keep interfering cables and those which may
suffer from interference apart. Interfering cables are the power

supply cables and the aerial to the communication equipment.
Cables which may suffer from interference are cables to and
from electronic units on the machine. Install cable harnesses as
close to grounded plate surfaces as possible, as these have a
screening effect.
Product plates
With the aid of the product plates, shown below, it is possible to identify the machine and its components. The
Product Identification Number, PIN, indicates the model designation, engine code and serial number of the
machine. The Component Identification Number, CIN, indicates the serial number of the component. Make a
note of the identification numbers on page 2.
When ordering spare parts, and in all telephone enquiries or correspondence, the PIN and CIN must always
be quoted.
1 Engine 5 Product plate for TUV (Germany)

The engine model designation, serial Machine model designation, PIN, max. machine weight, max.
number and power rating (plate attached on charge weight on front axle, max. charge weight on rear axle,
the engine). year of manufacture.
2 Cab
6 Transmission
ROPS / FOPS number and ROPS / FOPS
The manufacturer's name and address and transmission CIN
certificate number (plate attached on the
(plate attached to the housing).
R.H. door post).
3 Product plate
The manufacturer's name and address,
7 Rear axle
machine model designation, machine PIN,
The manufacturer's name and address and rear axle CIN
machine weight, engine output, year of
(plate attached to the housing).
manufacture, year of delivery and position of
CE mark (EU / EEA countries only).
4 CE mark
Separate self-adhesive decal attached to the
product plate (EU / EAA countries only).
Information and warning plates / decals

The operator should know and pay attention to the information and warning plates / decals which are
positioned on the machine.
The plates / decals must be kept free from dirt, so that they can be read and understood. If they have been
lost or no longer are legible, they must be replaced immediately. The part number (order number) is given on
the respective plates / decals and in the Parts Catalog.
2 WARNING! Jumper cables alert. Read

Operator's Manual.
1 WARNING! Rotating components, hot surfaces, high

pressure. Read Operator's Manual.
3 WARNING! Battery information, corrosion and explosion 4 WARNING! Read Operator's Manual first.
hazards. Read Operator's Manual.
5 WARNING! Articulation crush zone. Stay clear when 6 Hydraulic oil fill point. Read Operator's
engine is running. Manual.
7 Engine coolant fill point. Read Operator's Manual. 8 Engine oil fill point. Read Operator's
Manual.
10 Windshield washer fluid fill point. Read

9 Brake fluid fill point. Read Operator's Manual.
Operator's Manual.
12 WARNING! Pressurised accumulators.
11 WARNING! Crush zone. Keep clear of moldboard. Read Operator's Manual.
14 WARNING! Reversing machine. Keep

13 WARNING! Rotating components. Keep clear. clear.
15 Lift point(s).
17 Transmission oil fill point. Read

Operator's Manual.
16 Fuel economy.
18 Fuel fill point. Read Operator's Manual. 19 Tie down (lashing) point(s).
21 Tandem oil fill point. Read Operator's

Manual.
warning!
20 Sling / tie down chart. Read Operator's Manual.
23 Lubrication chart. Read Operator's

22 Battery disconnect switch. Read Operator's Manual.
Manual.
25 Sound power level outside the machine

(G930, G940). Read Operator's Manual.
24 Engine data for US machines.
26 Volvo coolant (VCS). Read Operator's

Manual.
25 Sound power level outside the machine (G946, G960,
G970, G976 and G990). Read Operator's Manual.
27 WARNING! Rotating components. Keep clear.
The USA Federal Clean Air Act

The Federal Clean Air Act Section 203 (a) (3) prohibits the
removal of air pollution control devices or the modification of an
EPA-certified non-road engine to a non-certified configuration.
The Federal regulations implementing the Clean Air Act for
non-road engines, 40 C.F.R.Section 89.1003(a)(3)(i), reads as
follows:
The following act and the causing thereof are prohibited:

For a person to remove or render inoperative a device or
element of design installed on or in a non-road engine vehicle
or equipment in compliance with regulations under this part
prior to its sale and delivery to the ultimate purchaser or for a
person knowingly to remove or render inoperative such a
device or element of design after the sale and delivery to the
ultimate purchaser.
The law provides a penalty of up to $2,500 for each violation.
An example of a prohibited modification is the recalibration of

the fuel system so that the engine will exceed the certified
horsepower or torque.
You should not make a change to an EPA-certified non-road

engine that would result in an engine that does not match the
engine configuration certified to meet the Federal Standards.
Customer Assistance
Volvo Construction Equipment wishes to help assure that the
Emission Control System Warranty is properly administered. In
event that you do not receive the warranty service to which you
believe you are entitled under the Emission Control System
Warranty, you should contact your nearest Volvo Construction
Equipment Regional office for assistance.
Normal Non-Road Engine Use

The Maintenance Instructions are based on the assumption that
this conventional machine will be used as designated in the
Operator's Instruction Manual and operated only with the
specified fuel and lubrication oils.
Non-Road Engine Maintenance

The non-road engine is of conventional design and any local
dealer may perform the necessary non-road engine emission
control maintenance defined in this manual.
Volvo recommends that the purchaser use the service program

for the non-road engine, known as Preventative Maintenance,
including the recommended engine emission control
maintenance.
In order to document that the proper regular maintenance has

been performed on the non-road engine, Volvo recommends
that the owner keep all records and receipts of such
maintenance. These records and receipts should be transferred
to each subsequent purchaser of the non-road engine.
Service Performed By Your Local Dealer

Your local dealer is best qualified to give you good, dependable
service since he has trained service technicians and is
equipped with genuine original manufacturer´s parts and
special tools, as well as the latest technical publications.
Discuss your servicing and maintenance requirements with
your local dealer. He can tailor a maintenance program for your
needs.
For regular scheduled service or maintenance, it is advisable to

contact your local dealer in advance to arrange for an
appointment to ensure availability of the correct equipment and
service technician to work on your machine. This will aid your
local dealer in efforts to decrease service time on your
machine.
Preventative Maintenance Program

To retain the dependability, noise level and exhaust emission
control performance originally built into your conventional non-
road engine, it is essential that the non-road engine receive
periodic service, inspections, adjustments and maintenance.
Fuel System
Fuel Recommendations
The fuel used must be clean, completely distilled, stable and
non-corrosive. Distillation range, cetane level and sulfur content
are most important when selecting fuel for optimum combustion
and minimum wear.
Engine working conditions and ambient temperature influence

the selection of the fuel with respect to cold handling properties
and cetane levels.
In cold weather conditions, below 32 °F (0 °C), the use of lighter

distillate or higher cetane level fuel are recommended. (Final
boiling point max. 660 °F (349 °C) and a cetane min 45).
To avoid excessive deposit formation and to minimize the

emissions of sulfur dioxide into the ambient air, the sulfur
content of the fuel should be the lowest available. The diesel
fuels recommended for use in Volvo engines should meet
ASTM designation: D 975 No. ID (C-B) or No. 2D (T-T); with a
cetane level above 42 and sulfur content not exceeding 0.5
percent by weight.
Check for fuel leaks (while the engine is running at fast idle):
Visually check unions and hose connections.
Check the conditions of the fuel hoses for:
Ageing
Cracks
Blisters
Scuffing
Check the condition of the fuel tank:
Drain water condensation.

Check for cracks.
Check for leaks.
Check the mounting.
Check the turbocharger:
Visually check for leaks in the intake hoses and exhaust

pipe of the turbocharger.
Instrument panels
Do not operate the machine until you are thoroughly familiar with the position and function of the
various instruments and controls. Read through the Operator's Manual thoroughly. Your safety is
involved!
Keep the manual in the cab so that it is always at hand.
Instrument panels
1 Side console instrument panel (switches, rheostat).
2 Centre instrument panel (central warning, warning /
information control lamps, display unit, gauges, I-ECU).
3 Pedestal instrument panel (switches, display unit keyboard,
direction indicator / horn / high beams lever).
4 Rear control panel (L.H. side behind operator's seat) (remote
12 V power source, service connection (VCADS PRO),
remote 24 V electrical power source, fuses and relays, V-
ECU)
Side console instrument panel
1 Rheostat, instrument lighting 15 Rear worklights and parking lights switch

2 Fan speed control switch 16 Secondary steering system test switch
3 Heater / A/C temperature control switch 17 Hydraulic accumulator switch
4 Heater / A/C air mix / defroster fan switch 18 Heated mirrors switch
5 Air conditioning switch 19 Extra rear warning beacon switch
6 Lower windows wiper / washer switch 20 Single rear warning beacon switch
7 Front windshield wiper / washer switch 21 Blade lift lock pin switch
8 Rear window wiper / washer switch 22 Unassigned
9 Ignition switch 23 Unassigned
10 Front headlights and parking lights switch 24 Unassigned
11 Cab headlights and parking lights switch 25 Unassigned
12 Front worklights and parking lights switch 26 Unassigned
13 Moldboard worklights and parking lights switch 27 Unassigned
14 Upper corner worklights and parking lights switch
1 Rheostat, instrument lighting
Knob turned to the right (clockwise) = Increased light intensity.

Knob turned to the left (counterclockwise) = Decreased light
intensity.
NOTE! Headlight switch must be on.
2 Fan speed control switch (optional equipment)
The knob controls a variable speed fan.

Knob turned to the right (clockwise) = Fan speed increased.
Knob turned to the left (counterclockwise) = Fan speed
decreased.
For maximum cab pressurization, turn knob to highest speed

and select the outside air position of the air mix control. See
item 4.
3 Heater or heater / air conditioner temperature

control switch (optional equipment)
Knob turned to the right (clockwise) = Air temperature

increased (warmer).
Knob turned to the left (counterclockwise) = Air temperature
decreased (cooler).
4 Heater / air conditioner air mix / defroster fan

switch (optional equipment)
The knob controls air mix and defroster fan activation.
The following text describes the five switch position functions

starting at the left-hand side.
Recirculation air position = Use for initially cooling
down or rapidly warming up the cab interior.
Mixed air position = Mixture of outside air and cab

recirculation air.
Outside air position = Cab recirculation air valve fully

closed. Only outside air is circulated throughout the cab
for maximum cab pressurization. Use in dusty working
conditions.
Low defroster air fan speed = Cab recirculation air

valve fully closed. Only outside air is circulated
throughout the cab while defroster fan operates at low
speed.
High defroster air fan speed = Cab recirculation air

valve fully closed. Only outside air is circulated
throughout the cab while defroster fan operates at high
speed.
For additional information, see pages 66 and 67.
5 Air conditioning switch (optional equipment)
Upper end of switch pressed in = Air conditioner unit turned on.

Lower end of switch pressed in = Air conditioner unit turned off.
The air conditioning switch operates only if the fan speed
control switch (2) is activated.
6 Lower windows wiper / washer switch

(optional equipment)
Switch knob turned to the right (clockwise) one indexed position

= Normal wiper speed.
Switch knob turned to the right (clockwise) two indexed
positions = Fast wiper speed.
Switch knob pressed in (spring return) = Windshield washer
activated.
7 and 8 - Front and rear windshield wiper /

washer switch (optional equipment)

= Normal wiper speed.
Switch knob turned to the right (clockwise) two indexed
positions = Fast wiper speed.
Switch knob pressed in (spring return) = Windshield washer
activated.
NOTE! An intermittent wiper option is available.
= Delayed wiper stroke. Wiper stroke speed is adjustable from
short to long delay. Switch knob turned to the right (clockwise)
two indexed positions = Normal wiper speed. Switch knob
turned to the right (clockwise) three indexed positions = Fast
wiper speed.
9 Ignition switch
The ignition switch has five positions:

O = Turned off.
In the (O) position, the engine stops immediately and the
electrical system is turned off.
R = Radio position.
When the ignition key is in the (R) position:
- Current is supplied to some electrical equipment.
- The engine remains shut down.
I = Running position and preheating position.
When the ignition key is in the (I) position:
- The electrical system is turned on.
- Engine preheating can function if conditions are met. See
page 81.
- The engine runs in this position.
II = No electrical function.
- Prevents re-engagement of starter motor from position (I)
when engine is running.
III = Starting position.
The starter will engage with the ignition key in the (III) position.
10 Front headlights and parking lights switch
Upper end of switch pressed in to position 1 = Parking lights

only turned on.
Upper end of switch pressed in to position 2 = Headlights and
parking lights turned on.
Lower end of switch pressed in = Headlights and parking lights
turned off.
If the blue control lamp in the centre instrument panel is on, it
indicates that the high beam lights are switched on.
11 Cab headlights and parking lights switch
Upper end of switch pressed in to position 1 = Parking lights

only turned on.
Upper end of switch pressed in to position 2 = Headlights and
Lower end of switch pressed in = Headlights and parking lights
turned off.
If the blue control lamp in the centre instrument panel is on, it
indicates that the high beam lights are switched on.
12 Front worklights and parking lights switch

Upper end of switch pressed in = Front worklights and parking

lights turned on.
Lower end of switch pressed in = Front worklights and parking
lights turned off.
13 Moldboard worklights and parking lights

switch
Upper end of switch pressed in = Moldboard worklights and

Lower end of switch pressed in = Moldboard worklights and
parking lights turned off.
Extra moldboard worklights and parking lights

Upper end of switch pressed in to position 1 = 2 moldboard
worklights and parking lights turned on.
Upper end of switch pressed in to position 2 = 4 moldboard
worklights turned on.
Lower end of switch pressed in = Moldboard worklights and
parking lights turned off.
14 Left-hand or right-hand upper corner cab

worklights and parking lights switch
Upper end of switch pressed in = Upper corner cab worklights

and parking lights turned on.
Lower end of switch pressed in = Upper corner cab worklights
and parking lights turned off.
15 Rear worklights and parking lights switch

Upper end of switch pressed in = Rear worklights and parking

lights turned on.
Lower end of switch pressed in = Rear worklights and parking
lights turned off.
16 Secondary steering system test switch

(optional equipment outside EU / EAA market)
(standard equipment on model G990 and within
EU / EAA market)
To test the secondary steering system, see page 93.

IMPORTANT! Do not test the secondary steering system
longer than two minutes or a thermal cut-off device will
activate.
17 Blade lift and circle side shift hydraulic

accumulator switch (optional equipment)
The switch has a secondary release to make it operable. It also

prevents involuntary activation of the blade lift and circle side
shift hydraulic accumulators.
Upper end of switch pressed in = Hydraulic accumulators
activated.
Lower end of switch pressed in = Hydraulic accumulators
deactivated.
18 Heated mirrors switch (optional equipment)
Upper end of switch pressed in = External cab mirrors heater

turned on.
Lower end of switch pressed in = External cab mirrors heater
turned off.
19 and 20 Amber or blue rotating warning beacon

Upper end of switch pressed in = Rotating beacon turned on.

Lower end of switch pressed in = Rotating beacon turned off.
21 Blade lift lock pin switch
The switch has a secondary release to make it operable. It also

prevents involuntary release of the blade lift lock pin.
Upper end of switch pushed up and pressed in = Blade lift lock
pin is disengaged.
Lower end of switch pressed in = Blade lift lock pin is engaged.
The amber blade lift system status control lamp in the centre
instrument panel will light up when the blade lift lock pin is
disengaged.
For additional information, see page 113.
22 to 27 Unassigned
Centre instrument panel

By taking action in time, it is possible to prevent serious
damage to the machine. Therefore, look now and then at the
centre instrument panel where the operator is provided with
information should something happen that requires his or her
intervention. In order to be able to check the function of
instruments and controls, the current must be turned on and the
ignition switch should be in position (I) (running position).
Information is provided to the operator in different ways
depending on the function involved:
- Amber central warning lamp flashes if / when a less critical
system error occurs. The corresponding system indicator
lamp will light up and any available information is displayed
on the display unit.
- Red central warning lamp flashes if abnormal operating values
or faults occur. The warning lamp for the function lights up at

the same time as information is shown on the display unit.
Stop the machine as quickly and safely as possible. Park the
machine away from high traffic areas.
For certain functions, the buzzer sounds at the same time as

the red central warning lamp flashes. See page 28.
- The control lamps light when the respective functions are
engaged.
- The warning lamps light in case of malfunctions such as too
high or too low pressure, temperature or level.
- In addition to alarm texts, the display unit also shows starting
sequence, operating information and settings. See page 42.
- The machine is equipped with three gauges. A warning lamp
to the right of the gauge lights up if the engine coolant
temperature is too high, engine oil pressure is too low or the
fuel level is too low.
Central warning lamps

1 Central warning (amber)
2 Central warning (red)
Warning and control lamps
3 Battery charging (red)
4 High hydraulic oil temperature (red)
5 Low transmission oil pressure (red)
6 Service brake warning (red)
7 Blade lift lock status lamp (amber)
8 Applied parking brake (red)
9 Engine air filter restriction (amber)
10 Filter bypass warning (amber)
11 Primary steering system (red)
12 High beam (blue)
13 Direction indicator (green)
14 Differential lock status (amber)
15 Preheating (amber)
16 Secondary steering (amber)
17 Seat belt (red)
18 Low hydraulic oil level (red)
19 All Wheel Drive charge pressure (red)
20 Display unit
Gauges
21 Engine coolant temperature
22 Fuel level
23 Engine oil pressure
1 Central warning (amber)
The lamp flashes when system errors occur for less critical
warnings. It informs the operator that a function is engaged /
disengaged or that a function needs to be kept under
observation (e.g. low fuel level). At the same time, it is
accompanied by the warning lamp for the function lighting up
and / or alarm text shown on the display unit.
2 Central warning (red)
The lamp flashes when critical warnings or errors occur. At the

same time, it is accompanied by the buzzer sounding, the
warning lamp for the function lighting up and / or alarm text
shown on the display unit. It informs the operator that
immediate attention is required.
Buzzer
The buzzer sounds and the red central warning lamp flashes if
any of the following faults occur. The transmission shifter must
be in a position other than Park (P) for the buzzer to operate:
- Low engine oil pressure
- Low engine coolant level
- Low engine charge air pressure
- Low transmission oil pressure
- Low service brake pressure
- Low hydraulic oil level
- Low steering system pressure
- Low voltage to the transmission shifter
- High engine charge air temperature
- High engine coolant temperature
- High hydraulic oil temperature
- High transmission oil temperature
- Restricted engine air filter
- Conflicting signals from the transmission shifter
- Faulty parking brake electrical circuit
- Parking brake (if applied in motion)
- Computer failure
3 Battery charging (red)
If the lamp lights when operating, the alternator is not charging

within the proper voltage range. Alarm text shows on the
display unit if the electrical system voltage is not within
specifications.
4 High hydraulic oil temperature (red)
The lamp lights when the hydraulic oil temperature in the tank is
too high. The red central warning lamp flashes and alarm text
shows on the display unit. The buzzer sounds if the
transmission shifter is in a position other than Park (P).
Fluid temperature must be kept within acceptable limits to retain
the proper viscosity and other properties necessary for
satisfactory operation between oil change intervals.
For additonal information, see page 179.
5 Low transmission oil pressure (red)
The lamp lights when the oil pressure in the transmission is too
low. The red central warning lamp flashes and alarm text shows
on the display unit. The buzzer sounds if the transmission
shifter is in a position other than Park (P).
Stop and check the oil level or investigate any other cause of
the triggered warning. Rectify before continuing operation.
6 Service brake warning (red)
If the brake warning lamp lights and the alarm sounds during operation, bring the machine to a safe
stop. The brake system is faulty and must be repaired by a qualified service technician. Remove and
retain the ignition key. Attach a warning label to the steering wheel. Do not operate the machine until
repairs are completed.
The lamp lights if the brake pressure is too low or if one brake
circuit does not work. The buzzer sounds if the transmission
shifter is in a position other than Park (P). At the same time,
alarm text indicating fault / error type is shown on the display
unit. The red or amber central warning lamp flashes depending
on fault or error condition.
7 Blade lift lock status lamp (amber)
The lamp lights when the blade lift lock bar pin is disengaged.
8 Applied parking brake (red)
The lamp lights when the parking brake is applied. If the brake
is applied when the machine is in motion above 0.5 km/h (0.3
mph), the red central warning lamp flashes, the buzzer sounds
and alarm text shows on the display unit. The red central
warning lamp flashes depending on parking brake error
condition. Alarm text indicating fault / error type is shown on the
display unit.
9 Engine air filter restriction (amber)
The lamp lights when the air flow through the engine air filter is
restricted. The red central warning lamp flashes. The buzzer
sounds if the transmission shifter is in a position other than
Park (P).
If the lamp lights, clean or replace the engine primary air filter
element.
10 Filter bypass warning (amber)

(optional equipment for hydraulic filter)
(standard equipment for transmission filter)
The lamp lights when either the transmission or hydraulic filter

is clogged. The amber central warning lamp flashes and alarm
text in the display unit shows which filter has registered the
warning. For additional information, see page 169.
11 Primary steering system (red)
If the primary steering system warning lamp lights and the alarm sounds during operation, bring the
machine to a safe stop. The steering system is faulty and must be repaired by a qualified service
technician. Remove and retain the ignition key. Attach a warning label to the steering wheel. Do not
operate the machine until repairs are completed.
The lamp lights if the steering system hydraulic pressure is too
low. At the same time, the red central warning lamp flashes, the
buzzer sounds and alarm text shows on the display unit.
12 High beam (blue)

The lamp lights when any of the high beam lights are switched
on.
13 Direction indicator (green)

The lamp flashes when the direction indicator lever is moved for
turning left or right or the 4-way hazard flasher light switch is
activated.
Uneven flashing pulses indicate a faulty bulb, which should be

replaced.
14 Differential lock status (amber)

The lamp lights when the differential lock is in the LOCK
position.
If there is a fault in the circuit, the lamp lights and alarm text
indicating the fault is shown on the display unit.
15 Preheating (amber)
The lamp lights when the preheating is activating.
After 10-50 seconds (the time depends on the coolant

temperature), the preheating element will automatically
deactivate and the lamp will go out.
16 Secondary steering (amber)

The lamp lights at the same time as the steering system electric
motor is energised. It indicates that the secondary steering
system has been activated.
Operate the system only long enough to bring the machine to a safe stop - maximum one minute.
The secondary steering option is an auxiliary electric / hydraulic
system that allows the operator to make steering corrections
more easily in the event of loss of hydraulic flow to the steering
unit. The ignition key must be in the (I) (running) position for this
system to function.
The system also works when the test switch is activated.
17 Seat belt (red)

The lamp lights to warn that the operator should wear and
fasten the seat belt. The lamp goes out when the seat belt is
buckled securely.
18 Low hydraulic oil level (red)

The lamp lights when the hydraulic oil level is too low in the
hydraulic tank. The red central warning lamp flashes and alarm
text shows on the display unit. The buzzer sounds if the
transmission shifter is in a position other than Park (P).
19 All Wheel Drive charge pressure (red)

The lamp lights when the All Wheel Drive charge pressure is
low. The red central warning lamp flashes and alarm text shows
To protect the system, All Wheel Drive operation is not

available when low charge pressure is detected.
20 Display unit
For display information, see page 42.
21 Engine coolant temperature

The pointer shows the current engine coolant temperature. If
the pointer enters the red sector, the lamp to the right of the
gauge lights up. The red central warning lamp flashes and
alarm text shows on the display unit. The buzzer sounds if the
transmission shifter is in a position other than Park (P). At the
same time, the engine speed is limited as a protective measure.
Run the engine at low idle for a few minutes. If the gauge
continues to indicate within the red sector, stop the engine and
investigate the cause.
22 Fuel level
The pointer shows the current level in the fuel tank. Check the
fuel supply when the machine is on level ground. If the pointer
enters the red sector, the lamp to the right of the gauge lights
up indicating the machine should be refuelled. In this situation,
there is approximately 1/5 of fuel capacity remaining in the tank.
Refuel the machine to avoid air entering the fuel system.
If the fuel tank has been run empty, see page 154.
Fill the fuel tank at the end of each shift. This reduces the
chance of condensation forming in the tank.
See page 194 for specifications.
23 Engine oil pressure

The pointer shows the current engine oil pressure. If the pointer
enters the red sector, the lamp to the right of the gauge lights
up. The red central warning lamp flashes and alarm text shows
The lamp lights if the engine lubricating oil pressure is too low.
At the same time, the engine speed is limited as a protective
measure.
Stop the engine as soon as it is safe to do so and rectify the
fault.
Pedestal instrument panel
1 Direction indicators / high beams / horn switch

lever
Direction indicators
Switch lever moved up = right-hand direction indicators.

Switch lever moved down = left-hand direction indicators.
NOTE! Manually return the switch lever to the centre (OFF)
position. It is not a self-cancelling type.
High beam
Switch lever pulled toward the operator = Changes the

headlights from low beam to high beam.
Switch lever pushed away from the operator = Changes the
headlights from high beam to low beam.
The blue indicator control lamp in the centre instrument panel
will light when any of the high beam lights are switched on.
Horn
Push on end of switch lever = Horn sounds.
2 Auxiliary hydraulic enable switch for

electrically-actuated attachment controls
The optional electrically-actuated auxiliary hydraulic controls

can have float capability or no float capability. Both options are
described below.
No float capability
Upper end of switch pressed in = Electrically-actuated auxiliary
hydraulic controls are enabled (ON).
Lower end of switch pressed in = Electrically-actuated auxiliary
hydraulic controls are disabled (OFF).
Float capability
Upper end of switch pressed in = Electrically-actuated auxiliary
hydraulic controls are enabled (ON).
Middle switch position = Electrically-actuated auxiliary hydraulic
controls are disabled (OFF).
Lower end of switch pressed in = Electrically-actuated auxiliary
hydraulic float control is enabled (ON).
NOTE! When pressing the lower end of the switch for float
capability, hold the switch for one second.
3 Keyboard for display unit

The keyboard allows access to information in different areas of
the machine. The information is organized into systems
(function groups).
Engine
Engine speed, Coolant temperature, Oil pressure, Air inlet
temperature, Boost temperature, Boost pressure, Fuel
pressure, Coolant level, Fan reverse mode (optional).
Transmission
Transmission oil pressure, Transmission oil temperature, Filter

bypass, Lever selected gear, Transmission current gear,
Transmission mode.
Hydraulics
Hydraulic oil temperature, Hydraulic oil level, Hydraulic filter
bypass (optional).
Service meter
Machine hours, Engine hours.
Electrical system
System voltage, I-ECU (software version and datasets), V-ECU
(software versions and datasets), E-ECU (software version and
datasets).
AUX1 (machine information)

Current date and time, Model, Tyre size, Distance,
Instantaneous fuel consumption, Average fuel consumption,
Total fuel consumption, Time to next service, Next service
interval, Time to next engine oil change.
AUX2 (trip measurement information)

Fuel used, Time, Fuel / hour, Distance, Average speed, Fuel /
distance, Reset (changes fuel, time and distance values to
zero).
The following functions can be controlled from

the keyboard:
- Selecting function group by direct selection (function key)
- Browsing within a function group (the arrow keys)
- Activating / deactivating functions (on / off)
- Setting to zero / acknowledge (time / distance / cycles)
- Numerical settings (the arrow keys)
- Alpha-numerical settings (the arrow keys)
- Simpler settings (e.g. increase / reduce)
Engine, Transmission, Hydraulics, Hourmeter, Electrical,

Auxiliary 1 and Auxiliary 2 keys, display information about the
respective function group.
SETUP key displays the menu for making changes to units and
language. See page 42.
Arrow Up and Arrow Down keys are used to scroll in a function

group menu. Select key is used to change and confirm settings.
ESC key returns the display to "Operating information",

regardless of which menu is showing.
When in the SETUP mode, pressing ESC will bring you back to
the top of the selected menu. See page 42.
4 All Wheel Drive aggression switch

(Models G946 and G976)
The momentary-type switch can be operated in 16 incremental

steps. The control is used to fine tune speed differences that
may occur between the front and rear wheels.
The aggression setting A0-A16 appears on the operating
information display screen. See example display showing AWD
ON A12.
Upper end of switch pressed in momentarily = All Wheel Drive
aggression increased by one increment.
Lower end of switch pressed in momentarily = All Wheel Drive

aggression decreased by one increment.
- A lower setting reduces the front wheel rotational speed
compared with the rear wheel rotational speed.
- A higher setting increases the front wheel rotational speed
compared with the rear wheel rotational speed.
5 All Wheel Drive activation switch

(Models G946 and G976)
All Wheel Drive is available in the following combinations:

- F1 - F7 forward gears (HTE840 transmission).
- All reverse gears (HTE840 and HTE1160 transmissions).
Upper end of switch pressed in = All Wheel Drive system turned
on.
Lower end of switch pressed in = All Wheel Drive system turned
off.
6 Transmission mode, travel / manual / auto

switch (optional equipment on all models)
Three transmission modes are available.The switch has three

indexed positions. Operate the switch to the appropriate mode.
Top indexed position = Travel mode.
Middle indexed position = Manual mode.
Bottom indexed position = Auto mode.
7 Articulation indicator gauge
The indicator needle displays the degree the machine frame is

articulated. The frame is straight with the needle in the centre
position.
8 Engine mode, speed / power switch

Speed mode allows increased engine speed in lower gears.
Upper end of switch pressed in = Power mode turned on.
Lower end of switch pressed in = Speed mode turned on.
Two possible applications are available:

- Machines marketed outside of the EU / EEA will be equipped
with the engine mode, speed / power switch. When the
engine is in the high range, full engine speed is available
regardless of the engine mode, speed / power switch
position.
- For machines marketed within the EU / EEA, no engine mode,
speed / power switch is installed.
Engine mode operation

Outside European Union (EU) / European Economic Area (EEA) market
HTE840 Engine speed Gear ranges
Speed position Full engine rpm All gears
Power position 1900 rpm limit F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 & R1, R2, R3
Full engine rpm F6, F7, F8 & R4

Speed position Full engine rpm All gears
Power position 1900 rpm limit F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7 & R1, R2, R3, R4
Full engine rpm F8, F9, F10, F11 & R5, R6
Within European Union (EU) / European Economic Area (EEA) market

1900 rpm limit F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 & R1, R2, R3
Full engine rpm F6, F7, F8 & R4

1900 rpm limit F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7 & R1, R2, R3, R4
Full engine rpm F8, F9, F10, F11 & R5, R6
9 Throttle mode, auto / hold switch
Upper end of switch pressed in = Auto mode turned on.

Centre position of switch = Throttle mode, auto / hold mode
turned off.
Lower end of switch pressed in = Hold mode turned on.
Auto mode
In auto mode, the throttle control functions similar to an
automobile's cruise control system and is used mainly for
roading the machine. It controls engine speed (rpm) rather than
road speed.
Auto mode is available at all engine speeds and all forward
gears.
If any of the following conditions occur, the auto mode is
suspended and the engine speed returns to the current
accelerator pedal position.
- The service brake pedal is depressed.
- The inching pedal is depressed.
- The throttle mode, auto / hold switch is moved to the centre
(OFF) position.
- Shifter is not in the Forward (F) position.
Hold mode
Hold mode is used mainly under working conditions. It is the
same as auto mode except for the following conditions:
- The inching pedal has no effect on the throttle setting.
- Throttle mode is available at all engine speeds and all forward
and reverse gears.
10 Throttle control, increase / decrease / resume

switch
When the throttle mode, auto / hold switch (9) is not in the
centre (OFF) position, press the throttle control, increase /
decrease / resume switch forward to set the engine speed.
- Press the switch forward again to increase the engine speed
by approx. 100 rpm. Press the switch forward and hold it to
increase the engine speed by approx. 600 rpm for every
second the switch is held in place until maximum engine rpm
is reached.
- Pull the switch downward to decrease the engine speed by
approx. 100 rpm. Pull the switch downward and hold it to
decrease the engine speed by approx. 600 rpm for every
second the switch is held in place until minimum engine rpm
is reached.
- During activation of either the service brakes or inching pedal,
a memory function stores the throttle mode engine rpm
setting for recall.
Resume
When the throttle mode, auto / hold has been operating and is
then suspended by depressing either the service brake or
inching pedal, a memory function stores the engine rpm setting.
To recall the throttle setting, pull the throttle control, increase /
decrease / resume switch downward.
11 Differential lock / unlock switch
Upper end of switch pressed in = Differential lock is activated

(LOCKED).
Lower end of switch pressed in = Differential lock is deactivated
(UNLOCKED).
The amber differential lock status control lamp in the centre
instrument panel and the indicator lamp on the switch will light
up when the differential lock is in the LOCK position.
Activate the differential lock (LOCK position) for normal grading
operations when maximum traction is required. Deactivate the
differential lock (UNLOCK position) when differential action is
required. This will reduce strain on the rear axle and decrease
tyre scuffing when operating on paved surfaces.
IMPORTANT! Lock or unlock the differential ONLY when

driving at very slow speeds, in a straight line or if the
machine is stopped. Do not lock or unlock the differential
while making a turn or when the tandem wheels on one
side are spinning. Otherwise the differential may be
damaged.
12 4-way hazard flasher switch
Upper end of switch pressed in = 4-way hazard flasher lights

turned on.
Lower end of switch pressed in = 4-way hazard flasher lights
turned off.
The green direction indicator control lamp in the centre
instrument panel and the red indicator lamp on the switch will
flash when the 4-way hazard flasher lights are activated.
If the 4-way hazard flasher lights are on, the direction indicators
do not work.
Electrical distribution panel
1 Fuses and relays

The fuse and relay printed circuit board is located behind the
panel on the rear left-hand side of the cab. The printed circuit
board houses the fuses, relays and direction indicator flasher
unit.
2 Remote 24 V electrical power source
A remote 24 volt electrical power source is located next to the

fuse and relay panel on the rear left-hand side of the cab.
Example for use is VCADS PRO equipment.
3 Service connection (VCADS PRO)
The service connector (VCADS PRO) is located on a bracket at

the extreme left-hand side of the fuse and relay printed circuit
board.
Contact an authorised dealer workshop.
4 Remote 12 V electrical power source
(with optional 24 V to 12 V equaliser / converter)

A remote 12 volt electrical power source is located next to the
side console on the rear right-hand side of the cab.
Display unit
The display unit, which is located on the pedestal instrument
panel, shows starting sequence, current operating information
and alarm texts. With the aid of the keyboard on the pedestal
instrument panel, the operator may also obtain information
about the machine status and make settings.
Initial display
When the ignition key is turned to position (I) (running position),
a test program will begin to run to verify the system. The
starting sequence takes 4-5 seconds and its progress is shown
by way of black squares increasing in number from one to
seven. During the first part, the control lamps will light up and
the gauges will indicate (at the twelve o'clock position)
Operating information
After an initial display, an "Operating Information" screen will be

shown including current information; provided that this screen
was displayed when the ignition was last switched off.
If another screen was displayed when the ignition was last
switched off, that screen will be displayed. Press ESC to return
to the "Operating Information" screen.
NOTE! "Operating Information" screen for All Wheel Drive
machine is shown.
X Engine speed / Er / -
V Travel speed / Er / -
Z Units: km/h / mph
G Operator selected gear: N / P / FC / F1-F11 / R1-R6 / -
H Current time: hours : minutes / Er / -
T Temperature: / Er / degrees C or F / -
P Units: C / F
Y AWD mode: Off / On / On (Standby) / -
AWD aggression setting A0-A16 / Er / - (AWD models only. No aggression setting displayed when AWD
A is off.)
D Mode switch position - T (Travel)

E Mode switch position - M (Manual)
F Wanted gear position: F5-F11 / R3-R6 / -
.Engine oil level information
When the ignition key is turned to position (I) (running position)

the engine oil level is shown on the display.
If the engine oil level is low, an information message will be
displayed, and the amber central warning light will flash.
Keyboard for the display unit
With the aid of the keyboard on the pedestal instrument panel,

the operator may obtain information about the machine status
and also make certain settings.
Machine information
Information about the machine status is obtainable by pressing
the respective function on the keyboard.
Each function group consists of one or more display screens.
Should more than one screen be available for a function group,
an arrow pointing downward will be displayed in the bottom,
right hand corner. To browse within the function group, press
arrow down or arrow up.
Revert to the "Operating Information" screen, press the ESC
key.
NOTE! If "Er" is shown for a value in any display screen, it
indicates an error in the signal monitoring that information.
NOTE! Features that are options will not appear in the
display unless the machine is equipped with that option.
X = Engine speed (revolutions per minute) / Er.
T = Engine coolant temperature / Er / < -15 °C or < 5 °F.

Minimum temperature displayed is < -15 °C or < 5 °F.
P = Units: C / F.
Y = Engine oil pressure / Er.
Z = Units bar / psi.
X = Charge air pressure / Er.

T = Charge air temperature / Er / < -15 °C or < 5 °F. Minimum
temperature displayed is < -15 °C or < 5 °F.
P = Units: C / F.
Y = Engine coolant level: Normal / Low / Er.
X = Fuel pressure / Er.

Y = Intake air temperature / Er / < -35 °C or < -31 °F. Minimum
temperature displayed is < -35 °C or < -31 °F.
P = Units: C / F.
X = Fan reverse mode: Not Installed / Off / Manual / 1/15 3/30 /

-
NOTE! Reversible fan is optional equipment. If the

reversible fan has not been installed, then "NOT
INSTALLED" is displayed as the fan mode and no other
selections are available.
If manual mode has not been selected, then the "activate"
option is not available and not displayed. If the reversible
fan option has been installed and manual mode has been
selected, then a manual reversal of the fan may be
activated by pressing the SELECT key.
X = Transmission oil pressure: Normal / Low / Er.
T = Transmission temperature / Er.

P = Units: C / F.
Y = Transmission oil filter: Normal / Bypass1 / Er.
G = Operator selected gear: N / P / F / F1 / F2 / F3 / F4 / F5 /

F6 / F7 / F8 / F9 / F10 / F11 / R / R1 / R2 / R3 / R4 / R5 / R6 /
Er.
Y = Current gear: N / P / FC / F1 / F2 / F3 / F4 / F5 / F6 / F7 /
F8 / F9 / F10 / F11 / RC / R1 / R2 / R3 / R4 / R5 / R6 / Er.
M = Transmission mode: MAN / AUTO / DRIVE / CREEP2 / Er.
T = Hydraulic temperature: / Er.
P = Units: C / F.
X = Hydraulic oil level: Normal / Low / Er.
Y = Hydraulic oil filter: Normal / Bypass / Er.
X = Grader hours: up to a maximum of 999999.9 hours.
Y = Engine hours: up to a maximum of 999999.9 hours.
X = Electrical system voltage (real time) in volts DC.
Instrument electronic control unit I-ECU
X = Main software: [MSW] / Er.
Y = Dataset 1: [DST1] / Er.

Z = Dataset 2: [DST2] / Er.
Vehicle electronic control unit V-ECU

Engine electronic control unit E-ECU

D = Current date: [year]-[month]-[day].
H = Current time: [hours]:[minutes].
X = Machine model: G930 / G940 / G946 / G960 / G970 /

G976 / G990.
Y = Installed tyre size: 14.00 / 16.00 / 17.50 / 20.50.

D = Distance travelled: Up to a maximum of 999999 km or
621372 miles.
Z = Units: km / mi.
X = Instantaneous fuel consumption, shown in L/h or g/h (litres

per hour or US gallons per hour).
Y = Average fuel consumption per hour, shown in L/h or g/h

(litres per hour or US gallons per hour). Calculated by dividing
total fuel consumed by grader hours.
Z = Total fuel consumption, calculated up to 9999999 litres or
2641720 US gal, in one unit increments.
W = Units: L / g.
X = Time remaining to next service interval [hours].
Y = Service interval shown as 250 / 500 / 1000 / 2000.

When 8 hours remain to the next service, display shows "Time
for service."
To acknowledge and remove information, press SELECT for 3-
5 seconds.
For additional information, see pages 185, 186, 187,189, 190
and 191.
The service interval is displayed to the right of the bar. The bar
increases from left to right as time to the next service
decreases.
- Press ARROW DOWN selects the TRIP INFO 2 display.
X = Fuel consumption since resetting, in litres or US gal up to

999999 litres or 264172 US gal.
Y = Time since resetting in hours up to 9999.9 hours.

Z = Fuel consumption per hour since resetting, up to 99.9 L/h or
26.4 g/h (litres per hour or US gallons per hour).
W = Units: L / g.
NOTE! To reset, see Trip information reset to follow.
- Press ARROW UP selects the TRIP INFO 1 display.
- Press ARROW DOWN displays the trip reset menu.

X = Total distance since resetting in km or miles up to 9999.9
km (6213.6 mi).
Z = Units: km / mi.
Y = Average speed since resetting up to 99.9 km/h (62.1 mph)
shown in km/h (kilometre per hour) or mph (miles per hour).
V = Units: km/h / mph.
F = Fuel consumption per unit distance since resetting, up to
99.9 in L/km or US mpg.
W = Units: L / g.
Trip information reset:
- Press ARROW UP, display shows TRIP INFO 2 data.

- Press SELECT to reset. Trip data is now set to zero.
This display is shown for several seconds while the trip data is
resetting. After the trip data has reset, the display returns to the
TRIP INFO 1 display.
TRIP INFO 1 display shown after trip reset.
Setup, language and units
- Press SELECT to enter language setup.

- Press SELECT again will enter the date / time setup.
- Press ESC to return to the "Operating Information" screen.
- Use arrow key to scroll through the list of available languages.

- Confirm with SELECT.
- Press ESC to cancel the selection made.
- Press ESC again to return to the "Operating Information"
screen.
NOTE! The standard available languages are: English,
Swedish, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
and Turkish.
- Use arrow key to scroll through the list of available units.

- Confirm with SELECT.
- Press ESC to cancel the selection made and will return to the
"Operating Information" screen.
Setup, date / time
ALT = Alternative date / time format as shown by A following.

A = Date / time formats: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Y= Current year
M= Current month
D= Current day
H= Current time: hours : minutes
- Press SELECT to show date / time format menu.
- Press ESC will return to the "Operating Information" screen.
- Press ARROW UP will return to the setup menu.
- Press ARROW DOWN will display the fan mode setup menu.
A = Date / time formats: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Where the date / time format available selections are:
1. year - month - day - 24 h
2. year - month - day - am / pm
3. month - day - year - 24 h
4. month - day - year - am / pm
5. day - month - year - 24 h
6. day - month - year - am / pm
Setup, fan reverse
Available fan modes are: Off, Manual, 3/30,1/15.

- Press SELECT to show fan mode format menu.
- Press ARROW UP will return to the date / time setup menu.
- Press ARROW DOWN to display fan sound test menu.
Reversible fan is optional equipment. If the reversible fan has
not been installed, then "NOT INSTALLED" is displayed as the
fan mode and no other selections are available.
Cooling fan reversal (changing rotational direction) can be set

to one of four different modes as selected with the keyboard.
The arrow keys may be used to scroll through the list of
available fan modes. Press SELECT to select a specific fan
mode and displays the fan mode setup menu. Press ESC to
cancel the selection. Press ESC again will return the display to
the "Operating Information" screen.
The possible fan modes are: Off / Manual / 1/15, 3/30.
Reversible fan is optional equipment. If the reversible fan has
not been installed, then "NOT INSTALLED" is displayed as the
fan mode and no other selections are available.
Basic factory Available reversal time

Mode Available interval times
setting duration
20 - 180 sec. adjustable (VCADS
M1 Manual 3 min --
PRO)
20 - 180 sec. adjustable (VCADS 5 - 180 min adjustable (VCADS
M2 3/30
PRO) PRO)
20 - 180 sec. adjustable (VCADS 5 - 180 min adjustable (VCADS
M3 1/15
PRO) PRO)
M4 Off No reversal
Mode operation
M1: Fan reversal interval is controlled by the operator. When
selected, the factory setting for fan reversal duration is 3
minutes. Fan reversal duration is adjustable by VCADS PRO.
M2: When selected, the factory setting for fan reversal time
duration is 3 minutes with an interval of 30 minutes continued
engine operation. Fan reversal duration and interval is
adjustable by VCADS PRO.
NOTE! If interval or duration times are changed using
VCADS PRO, 3/30 identifying mode 2 will not change.
M3: When selected, the factory setting for fan reversal time
duration is 1 minute with an interval of 15 minutes continued
engine operation. Fan reversal duration and interval is
adjustable by VCADS PRO.
NOTE! If interval or duration times are changed using
VCADS PRO, 1/15 identifying mode 3 will not change.
M4: No reversal fan mode is selected.
Setup, fan sound test
- Press SELECT to show fan mode format menu.

- Press ARROW UP will return to the date / time setup menu.
- Press ARROW DOWN to display fan sound test menu.
Although the fan sound test display screen can be accessed by
the operator, it is not intended for operator use. Refer to the
Service Manual for activation instructions.
Alarm texts
The information to the operator is provided on the display unit in
the form of alarm texts, which are divided into four classes:
Warning, Info, Error and Service Info, see below. For all classes
at speeds above 20 km/h (12.4 mph), the alarm text is shown
for two seconds and is then alternated with the previous screen
which is shown for three seconds. This alternate showing of the
two screens continues as long as the error situation remains, or
alternatively until the alarm is shown a certain number of times.
WARNING
- Is shown regardless of which screen was shown previously.
- Alarm text will be shown for two seconds alternately with the
previous screen which will be shown for three seconds (this
will be repeated as long as the error situation remains).
- Red central warning lamp will be flashing.
- Rectify or contact authorised dealer workshop for information.
INFO
will be repeated three times).
- Amber central warning lamp will be flashing.
The alarm will be repeated at the next start if it is still "active."
ERROR
will be repeated as long as the error situation remains).
- Contact authorised dealer workshop for information.
SERVICE INFO
previous screen which will be shown for three seconds. Is
repeated until acknowledgement has been carried out via
the menu NEXT SERVICE or the alarm has been brought to
an end in any other way specified for the function (for
example, replacing filter).
* xxxx = Description of fault PPID, PID / SID, yyy = Numerical

value 1-999
Service brake backup
Engine WARNING system failure
INFO Fan reversing Hydraulics
Engine overspeed
INFO protection
INFO Hydraulic unload on
Testing secondary
INFO Engine stall protection INFO steering system
INFO Water in fuel WARNING Low hydraulic oil level
INFO Low engine oil level WARNING Hydraulic filter bypassing
STOP. Computer failure. Stop High hydraulic oil

WARNING the vehicle
WARNING temperature
WARNING Low engine coolant level WARNING Low steering oil pressure
High engine coolant
WARNING temperature
All Wheel Drive (AWD)
Low engine charge air Low AWD charge
WARNING pressure
WARNING pressure
High engine charge air
WARNING temperature
WARNING AWD filter bypassing
WARNING Engine air intake restriction Engine

Engine oil pressure
WARNING Low engine oil pressure ERROR sensor SE2203
Engine coolant temperature sensor
WARNING High fuel rail pressure ERROR SE2606
Engine charge air temperature
WARNING High crankcase pressure ERROR sensor SE2507
Engine charge air
Transmission ERROR pressure sensor SE2508
High transmission oil
WARNING temperature
ERROR Accelerator pedal SE2702
Transmission filter
WARNING bypassing
ERROR Accelerator pedal SE2704
Low transmission oil E-ECU

WARNING pressure
ERROR * xxxx yyy
Rear axle ERROR Engine preheat RE2501

Testing service brake backup
INFO system
ERROR Engine preheat HE2501
INFO Apply park brake to start engine ERROR Accelerator mode SW2706
Service brake circuit
WARNING failure
ERROR Accelerator control SW2708
WARNING Park brake applied ERROR Fan speed control valve PWM2601
*) xxxx = Description of fault PPID, PID / SID, yyy = Numerical
value 1-999
IMPORTANT! Make a note of any displayed error code and
contact an authorised workshop.
Engine Rear axle
ERROR Fan shutoff valve MA2603 ERROR Differential lock valve MA4601
Service brake system
ERROR Fan direction valve MA2602 ERROR MO5201
Service brake system
ERROR Fuel level SE2303 ERROR SE5201
Park brake valve
ERROR Accelerator pedal SE 2702 and SE2704 ERROR MA5501
Engine air intake pressure sensor Park brake pressure
ERROR SE2502
ERROR sensor SE5501
Crankcase pressure Service brake system
ERROR sensor SE2509
ERROR RE5201
Differential lock
Transmission ERROR pressure sensor SE4601
Transmission oil temperature sensor
ERROR SE4202
Hydraulics
ERROR Gear shifter SE4201 ERROR Hydraulic pump valve MA9111
ERROR * Gear shifter SE4201 -xxxx ERROR Hydraulic oil level sensor SE9104
Transmission filter Hydraulic filter pressure switch
ERROR pressure switch SE4215
ERROR SE9107
Hydraulic oil temperature sensor
ERROR Inching pedal SE4101 ERROR SE9105
ERROR Inching pedal SE4102 ERROR Steering motor MO6401
ERROR Transmission PWM4205 ERROR Steering Motor Relay RE6401
Steering oil pressure sensor
ERROR Transmission PWM4206 ERROR SE6401
ERROR Transmission PWM4207
ERROR Transmission SW4202
Transmission All Wheel Drive (AWD)

AWD bypass valve reverse right
ERROR Transmission PWM4212 ERROR MA4406
Transmission oil
ERROR pressure sensor SE4214
ERROR AWD pump forward left PWM4401
ERROR Transmission sensor SE4307 ERROR AWD pump reverse left PWM4402
ERROR Transmission sensor SE4308 ERROR AWD pump forward right PWM4203
ERROR Transmission sensor SE4316 ERROR AWD pump reverse right PWM4204
ERROR Transmission sensor SE4317 ERROR AWD aggression switch SW4403
ERROR Inching pedal SE4101 and SE4102 ERROR AWD motor displacement valve MA4401
Miscellaneous ERROR AWD freewheeling valve MA4402
AWD charge oil pressure sensor
INFO Apply park brake to start engine ERROR SE9106
INFO Low voltage ERROR AWD filter pressure switch SE9108
AWD bypass valve
INFO High voltage ERROR forward left MA4403
Attention. Reduced
ERROR computer function
ERROR AWD bypass valve reverse left MA4404
AWD bypass valve

ERROR Start relay RE3301 ERROR forward right MA4405
ERROR Ignition key switch SW3301
Ambient temperature sensor
ERROR SE3802
Other controls
Controls
1 Inching pedal
2 Service brake pedal
3 Accelerator pedal
4 Transmission shifter / parking brake
5 Steering wheel
6 Operator seat and seat belt
7 Pedestal tilt pedal
8 Steering wheel tilt lever
9 Climate control system (optional equipment)
10 Hydraulic control levers
11 Auxiliary hydraulic control paddle levers (optional equipment) (Guards not shown for clarity)
1 Inching pedal
Use the inching pedal when you are starting from a complete
stop. The machine will not start to move in any forward gear
higher than 5th (HTE840 transmission) or 7th (HTE1160
transmission). The machine will not start to move in any reverse
gear higher than 3rd (HTE840 transmission) or 4th (HTE1160
transmission).
2 Service brake pedal

Use the brake pedal to apply the service brakes when bringing
the machine to a stop.
3 Accelerator pedal
Depress the front of the accelerator pedal to increase engine
rpm.
Use the accelerator pedal to override the engine speed set by
the throttle control, increase / decrease / resume switch.
4 Transmission shifter / parking brake
The transmission shifter is located in the console on the

operator's right-hand side. The shifter knob is equipped with a
Neutral lock button. The operator may only move the shifter to
either Forward (F) or Reverse (R) if the Neutral lock button is
depressed.
Use the transmission shifter to activate and deactivate the
parking brake.
- To activate the parking brake, place the shifter in the Neutral
(N) position. Push the shifter to the right to engage it in the
detented (P) position.
- To deactivate the parking brake, press the Neutral lock button.
Push the shifter to the left to disengage from the detented
(P) position to the Neutral (N) position.
5 Steering wheel
The steering wheel is used to steer the machine.
Operator comfort
6 Operator seat and seat belt
The factory-installed operator seats have been tested to meet
the seat belt anchorage standards SAE J386 Nov 97 and
ISO and are designed to minimise whole-
body vibrations during machine operation in the best possible
way. The size of the vibrations during machine operation
depends on different factors, many of which are not related to
the construction of the machine, such as ground conditions,
speed and operating techniques. Note the following:
- Adjust the seat according to the operator weight and height.
The operator weight range for the standard mechanical seat

is:
50 kg (110 lb) to 136 kg (300 lb).
The operator weight range for the air suspended seat is:
45 kg (100 lb) to 136 kg (300 lb).
- For additional information, see page 207.
- Choose the correct operating technique and speed for the
existing circumstances.
Correctly adjusted operator seat increases operator comfort,
safety and visibility. Incorrectly adjusted seat may lead to
injuries. The adjustments that should be made are:

A Back-rest extension adjustment.
B Lumbar adjustment.
C Height / weight adjustment (optional air-suspended seat).
D Armrest fore / aft and height adjustment.
E Back-rest tilt adjustment.
F Seat fore / aft isolator lockout (optional air-suspended seat).
G Variable damping control (optional air-suspended seat).
H Cushion fore / aft adjustment.
I Height / weight adjustment (standard mechanical version).
J Seat fore / aft adjustment.
K Cushion tilt adjustment.
L Armrest angle adjustment.
NOTE! Do not adjust the seat while the machine is moving.
A Back-rest extension adjustment
Grasp the back-rest extension. Pull or push the extension to the

desired height. The extension rods are indented and engage at
predetermined intervals.
B Lumbar adjustment
The adjustment knob is located behind the armrest on the left-

hand side of the seat back-rest. Turn the adjustment knob
clockwise or counterclockwise to alter the lumbar support. This
helps to improve seating comfort and increase operator
efficiency.
C Height / weight adjustment

(optional air-suspended seat only)
The height / weight setting for the optional air-suspended seat

is adjusted by operating the rocker switch on the outside of the
left-hand armrest.
Upper end of switch pressed in = seat raised and weight
compensated as air suspension inflates.
Lower end of switch pressed in = seat lowered under gravity
(no electrical connection) as air suspension deflates.
While sitting in the seat, adjust it so that the upward and
downward movement ranges are equally distributed.
D Armrest fore / aft and height adjustment
Loosen the bolts at the right-hand and left-hand brackets to

raise / lower and move the armrests fore / aft.
E Back-rest tilt adjustment
The adjustment handle is located at the rear left-hand side of

the cushion. Pull the handle upward and adjust the back-rest to
the desired inclination.
F Seat fore / aft isolator lockout

This control locks out the seat fore / aft isolation feature. The
control lever is located below the back-rest tilt adjustment
handle. Pull the control lever upward to activate the lock. Push
the control lever downward to deactivate the lock.
G Variable damping control

The adjustment knob is located underneath the cushion on the

left-hand side of the seat suspension bellows. Turn the
adjustment knob clockwise or counterclockwise to alter the
damping control setting (soft, medium and hard).
H Cushion fore / aft adjustment
The adjustment handle is located at the front left-hand side of

the cushion. Pull the handle upward and adjust the cushion to
the desired position.
I Height / weight adjustment (mechanical version only)
Adjust the seat for the operator's weight by turning the weight
adjuster knob. The adjuster knob is located underneath the
cushion on the front of the seat suspension bellows. While
sitting in the seat, adjust it so that the upward and downward
movement ranges are equally distributed.
J Seat fore / aft adjustment
The adjustment handle is located at the front of the cushion.

Pull the handle upward and adjust the seat to the desired
position. Release the handle to lock the seat.
K Cushion tilt adjustment
The adjustment handle is located at the front of the cushion

above the seat fore / aft adjustment handle. Pull the handle
upward and adjust the cushion to the desired position.
L Armrest angle adjustment
Adjust the armrest angle by turning the wheeled knobs

incorporated in the underside of both armrests.
Lap type seat belt, checking and maintenance
Replace the belt if it is worn, damaged or if the machine has been involved in an accident where the
seat belt had to take some strain.
Changes to the belt or its mountings must never be made.
The seat belt is intended for one adult person only.
Keep the belt rolled up when not in use.
Change the belt every third year regardless of its condition.
When washing, use a mild soap solution and allow the belt to
dry while it is fully pulled out, before rolling it up. Make sure the
belt is installed in a correct way.
Wear the seat belt when operating the machine. For additional
information, see page 80.
7 Pedestal tilt pedal
To move the pedestal forward or backward:

- Grasp the steering wheel.
- Push down on the pedal located at the bottom of the pedestal
column.
- Move the pedestal to the desired position and release the
pedal.
8 Steering wheel tilt lever
Pull up on this lever to tilt the steering wheel and pedestal

head. Releasing the lever locks the steering wheel in one of the
four positions.
To tilt the steering wheel and control head assembly:
- Grasp the steering wheel and lift the lever located on the
upper right-hand side of the pedestal column.
- Move the steering wheel and control head to one of the four
positions.
Release the lever and ensure that it latches securely.
9 Climate control system (optional equipment)
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning controls

The controls for the heating, ventilation and air conditioning
systems are located on the right side console. Filtered, fresh air
is distributed through the upper, lower and rear level ventilation
nozzles of enclosed cabs.
Cab air temperature is controlled using the fan and temperature
controls.
Turn the switch knobs to increase or decrease the temperature
and regulate the fan speed. Operate the air conditioning switch
to turn the air conditioner unit on and off.
General information
- In an enclosed cab, keep the doors and windows closed to
provide efficient heating and air conditioning.
- Direct air flow away from unprotected skin.
- Adjust the fan speed until the air flow in the cab feels
comfortable. Select the air mix knob in the third (outside air)
position for maximum cab pressurization.
Cab air distribution
Upper level ventilation nozzles (1) are located in the door post
covers.There are three nozzles, one facing forward, one facing
centre and one facing rearward.
Rear ventilation nozzles (2) are located on the right-hand and
left-hand sides of the rear cab wall.
Lower level ventilation nozzles (3) are located at the bottom
right-hand and left-hand sides of the side console / door post
covers.
Adjusting heating and ventilation without air

conditioning
The instructions below are basic recommendations. Each
operator should experiment to achieve the best possible
working environment in the cab, i.e. the right temperature
without a draught.
How to achieve ...
... max. warmth:
- All ventilation nozzles fully open.

- Fan control knob turned fully clockwise.
- Temperature control knob turned fully clockwise.
- Air mix knob at the outside air position.
In case of misting, see "... demisting / defrosting all windows."
... max. cooling:

- Temperature control knob turned fully counterclockwise.
- Air mix knob at the outside air position.
... comfortable working temperature:

- Temperature control and fan control knobs regulated until the
required temperature is achieved.
- Air mix knob at the second (mixed air) position.
... demisting / defrosting all windows:
- All front facing ventilation nozzles fully open and directed

towards the front side windows.
- All rear facing ventilation nozzles fully open and directed
towards the rear window / rear side windows.
- Air mix knob at the appropriate defroster fan speed (low /
high) position if the machine is equipped with the defroster
fan option. For machines without this option, select the third
(outside air) position.
Provide for good ventilation

Do not operate the machine for long periods without
ventilation or with the cab fully closed without having the
fan turned on.
Poorly ventilated air can cause tiredness (lack of oxygen).
Adjusting heating and ventilation with air

conditioning
How to achieve ...
... rapid cooling:

- Temperature control knob turned fully counterclockwise.
- Air mix knob at the recirculation air position.
- Upper end of air conditioning switch pressed in, i.e. air
conditioner unit turned on.
... demisting all windows:
- All front facing ventilation nozzles fully open and directed

towards the front side windows.
- All rear facing ventilation nozzles fully open and directed
towards the rear window / rear side windows.
- Air mix knob at the appropriate defroster fan speed (low /
high) position if the machine is equipped with the defroster
fan option. For machines without this option, select the third
(outside air) position.
- Upper end of air conditioning switch pressed in, i.e. air
conditioner unit turned on.
NOTE! The temperature is regulated with the temperature

and fan controls to obtain the desired temperature. Select
the air mix knob in the third (outside air) position for
maximum cab pressurization.
Doors and windows

The cab can also be ventilated by opening the doors and
optional hinged front or sliding side windows.
- Secure the doors in the fully open position by pushing them all
the way until they latch against the stop on the side of the
cab.
IMPORTANT! Operate the machine with the cab doors
latched in the fully open or fully closed position. If a door
is not latched properly, it could be contacted by the front
tandem tyre and be lifted off its hinges.
- Open the optional hinged front windows by releasing the latch
handle. The amount of swing can be controlled by securing
the knob on the adjuster quadrant.
NOTE! Do not operate lower wipers when front lower
hinged windows are open.
Open or close the optional sliding side windows by releasing
the side latch pins and sliding the window pane to the desired
position.
NOTE! In certain conditions dirt and debris can build up
and become trapped between the cab vent windows and
door seals, allowing unwanted moisture and dust to enter
the cab. Clean any dirt and debris from the seals and
sealing surfaces periodically to ensure proper
performance. See "Cleaning the machine" page 150.
Hydraulic controls
1 Left-hand blade lift lever 6 Right-hand blade lift lever

2 Moldboard slide shift lever 7 Control lever for scarifier or ripper
3 Circle turn lever 8 Articulation lever
4 Circle shift lever 9 Moldboard tilt lever
5 Front wheel lean lever 10 Front-mounted attachments lever
10 Hydraulic control levers
Detent function floating position
Machines equipped with the optional float feature allow the

moldboard and / or front-mounted attachment to "float" along
the ground by following the surface contours. For front-mounted
and rear-mounted attachment float, see page 73.
Either or both blade lift cylinders can be put into float to allow
independent control of each end of the moldboard.
Use moldboard float to remove snow, move loose material on
hard-packed surfaces or to level loose material onto a hard
surface. (Float only the moldboard end contacting the hard
surface.)
On machines equipped with the optional float feature:
- Push forward on the appropriate lever until it locks in the
detent position.
- Pull back on the appropriate lever to return it to the normal
operating position.
Do not use the float control to lower the moldboard. Loss of control of the machine could result.
Left-hand and right-hand blade lift
These levers are located on the extreme left-hand and right-

hand sides. They control the raising and lowering action of the
moldboard.
- Push forward on both blade lift levers at the same time to
lower the moldboard.
- Pull back on both blade lift levers at the same time to raise the
moldboard.
- Push forward on the blade lift lever for the side you wish to
lower.
- Pull back on the blade lift lever for the side you wish to raise.
Moldboard slide shift lever
This lever is the third lever in from the extreme left. It controls
the left-to-right sliding action of the moldboard.
- Push forward on the moldboard slide shift lever to slide the
blade to the left-hand side of the machine.
- Pull back on the moldboard slide shift lever to slide the blade
to the right-hand side of the machine.
Circle turn lever
This lever is the fifth lever in from the extreme left. It controls
the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the circle and

moldboard assembly.
- Push forward on the circle turn lever to rotate the circle
counterclockwise.
- Pull back on the circle turn lever to rotate the circle clockwise.
Make sure all personnel are clear of the machine when the engine is running or the moldboard is off
the ground.
Circle shift lever
This lever is the fifth lever in from the extreme right. It controls
the circle shift function.
- Push forward on the circle shift lever to move the circle and
moldboard assembly to the left.
- Pull back on the circle shift lever to move the circle and
moldboard assembly to the right.
Front wheel lean lever
This lever is the third lever in from the extreme right. It controls
the lean of the front wheels to the left or right for a reduced
turning radius and improved machine stability while grading.
- Push forward on the wheel lean lever to lean the front wheels
to the left.
- Pull back on the wheel lean lever to lean the front wheels to
the right.
Control lever for mid-mounted scarifier or ripper
This lever is the second lever in from the extreme right. The
attachments lever normally controls the mid-mounted scarifier
function. The lever also controls the ripper if the machine is not
equipped with a mid-mounted scarifier.
- Push forward on the control lever to lower the attachment.
- Pull back on the control lever to raise the attachment.
Articulation lever
This lever is located fourth from the extreme right. The

articulation lever controls the direction of the articulation
function.
Remove the articulation lock pins before attempting to articulate
the machine.
- Push forward on the control lever to articulate the machine to
the left.
- Pull back on the control lever to articulate the machine to the
right.
The indicator gauge in front of the operator displays the amount
of frame articulation.
Do not articulate the machine when operating on slopes or when roading the machine as this may
cause the machine to roll over. Always articulate the machine before moving onto the slope.
Moldboard tilt lever
This lever is located fourth from the extreme left. Use the
moldboard tilt feature to ensure that the grading material rolls
freely off the blade.
- Push forward on the control lever to tilt the moldboard forward.
- Pull back on the control lever to tilt the moldboard rearward.
Front-mounted attachments lever
This lever is the second lever in from the extreme left. It

controls the raising and lowering action of the front-mounted
dozer blade / scarifier or other attachment.
- Push the control lever forward to lower the attachment.
- Pull the control lever back to raise the attachment.
On machines equipped with optional front attachment float
capabilities, operate the lever to select the detent position.
On machines equipped with the optional float feature:
- Push forward on the control lever until it locks in the detent
position.
- Pull back on the control lever to return it to the normal
operating position.
Do not use the float control to lower attachments. Loss of control of the machine could result.
11 Auxiliary hydraulic control

The optional auxiliary hydraulic control paddle levers

configuration depends on the position and type of attachments
installed. Right-hand justified and left-hand justified control
paddle lever installations are available. Machines equipped with
the optional float feature allow the attachment to "float" along
the ground following the surface contours.
Do not use the float control to lower the front attachment. Loss of control of the machine could
result.
The paddle levers operate proportional effect switches. The
amount of movement of the lever corresponds to the speed and
deployment of the hydraulic cylinder controlled by the lever.
IMPORTANT! Operate the paddle levers with care. Reaction
is quick. Make sure no personnel are in the immediate
area.
Consult your dealer for instructions on how to use hydraulic
control paddle levers 1 through 5 with the specific front-
mounted and rear-mounted attachments installed on your
machine.
Other controls
(not shown in main overview illustration)
Accumulators (optional equipment)

Some machines are equipped with blade lift and circle shift
accumulators. The accumulators absorb shock loads and
protect the system from impact damage when the machine is
working in severe applications.
In fine grading operations where a high degree of blading
tolerance is needed, the blade lift accumulators can be isolated
from the hydraulic system.
The blade lift accumulators are controlled electrically and can
be turned on and off from inside the cab.
Radio or radio / CD player

A factory-installed radio or radio / CD player is available as an

option. The radio console is mounted in the headliner to the left
behind the operator. Four loudspeakers are installed in the
headliner of the cab. Refer to the instructions supplied in the
package of manuals.
Interior (dome) light

There are two cab interior (dome) light installations. They are
located on the right-hand and left-hand sides at the top of the
door posts. Each installation consists of two separate lights: a
main light (1) and a spotlight (2) that are controlled by separate
switches.
The main light switch has three positions.
Switch pressed in first position = light on.
Switch pressed in second position= light off.
Switch pressed in third position= light on when door is open.
The spotlight switch has two positions.
Rear end of switch pressed in = light on.
Front end of switch pressed in = light off.
The spotlights are moveable on a spherical axis.
Service meter
The gauge shows how many hours the engine has been
running. It is located at the bottom of the right hand door post.
Operating instructions
This chapter contains rules which must be followed to make
working with the machine safe. However, these rules do not
relieve the operator from following laws or other local
regulations for traffic safety, industrial safety and labour
welfare.
To avoid the risk of accidents, alertness, judgement and
respect for applicable safety regulations is a condition.
Running-in instructions
During the first 100 hours, the machine should be operated with
a certain amount of care. During the running-in period it is
important to check oil and fluid levels often. Check system
pressures regularly.
Safety rules when operating

Operator duties
The machine operator must operate the machine in such a way
that the risk of accidents is minimised both for the operator,
other road users and persons present at the work site.
The machine operator must be thoroughly familiar with how to
operate and maintain the machine and should undergo required
training on the machine.
The machine operator must follow the rules and
recommendations given in the Operator's Manual, but also pay
attention to any statutory and national regulations or specific
requirements or risks that apply at the work site.
The machine operator must be thoroughly rested and must
never operate the machine under the influence of alcohol,
medicine or other drugs.
The machine operator must be in charge of the working area of
the machine.
- Prevent persons from entering or remaining in the danger
area - an area of at least 7 m (23 ft) around the machine.
The danger area depends on the speed and direction of
operating machines. The operator may allow a person to
remain in the danger area, but should then observe caution
and operate the machine only when the person is visible or
has given clear indications of where he or she is.
An operator of and the management for a construction machine are responsible for the working area
of the machine and must turn away any person who is not authorised to be there when the machine
is operating. The operator must keep a good lookout forward, rearward and to both sides to avoid the
risk of running into persons or objects.
Machine operator safety

The machine must be operational, i.e. faults which can cause
accidents must be rectified.
Suitable clothing for safe handling and a hard hat should be

worn.
A loose mobile telephone must not be used as it may interfere
with important electronics. The mobile telephone must be
connected to the electrical system of the machine and have a
fixed external aerial fitted according to the instructions of the
manufacturer.
Always sit in the operator's seat when starting the engine /
machine.
Keep your hands away from areas where there is a risk of
crushing, e.g. covers, doors and windows.

Always fasten the lap type seat belt. The seat belt must fit snug
and low around your hips. The tether strap must be adjusted to
suit the seat suspension.
Use steps and handholds when entering or leaving the
machine. Use the three-point grip, i.e. two hands and one foot
or two feet and one hand. Always face the machine - do not
jump!
Check that any attachment is properly and securely attached.
The vibration (shaking) which arises when operating may be

harmful to the operator. Reduce this by:
- Adjusting the seat and tightening the seat belt.
- Adapting your speed.
The cab is for the protection of the machine operator and it
meets the requirements for Roll Over Protective Structures
according to the testing standard "ROPS." Therefore, hold
firmly onto the steering wheel if the machine should roll over -
do not jump!
The cab is also designed to meet the requirements for falling
objects, the weight of which meets with testing methods
according to "FOPS."
The left-hand door opening is the most commonly used
entrance.
The right-hand door opening can be used as the exit in case of
an emergency.
Only step or stand on surfaces which are provided with anti-slip
protection, see page 138.
Select a gear that will prevent excessive speed when going
downhill.
If an emergency hammer is supplied, it should be located on

the left-hand ROPS post. To use, strike a corner of the rear
window or upper door window.
Do not strike the center of the window glass of the front

windshield. It is laminated and the glass will not shatter.
Never allow anyone to sit or stand on the machine when operating. Always operate the machine from
the seat only and with the seat belt fastened.
Working within dangerous areas

Working within areas where there are pipes,
power lines or cables
It is the duty of the employer to know and mark the position of
pipes for gas, water, sewage or power lines or cables on the
work site and to inform the operator about these. Failure to do
so may have legal consequences. When required, local
authorities and / or communication and power companies
should be contacted regarding maps, drawings and advice.
Cables and power lines must be protected against damage in a
suitable way. Electric cables should, if possible, have the power
turned off.
Information about where the gas and water can be turned off
should be made available, so that they can be quickly turned off
if they are ruptured.
High voltage overhead power lines

Observe great care when working in the proximity of high
voltage overhead power lines, as electrical flash-over may
damage the machine and injure the operator at fairly great
distances from the power line. Note the following:
The distance sideways between machine and power line must
be:
- at least 2 m (6.5 ft.) in case of low voltage.
- 4 m (13 ft.) in case of high voltage of at the most 40 kV
(line normally supported on fixed insulators).
- 6 m (20 ft.) in case of high voltage above 40 kV (line
normally carried on suspended insulators).
The distance vertically between machine and overhead power
line must be:
- at least 2 m (6.5 ft.) in case of low voltage.
- 4 m (13 ft.) in case of high voltage.
Operating under ground

Operating under ground requires special equipment, e.g.
certified engine is required within EU / EAA countries. The risks
of danger and hazards are greater when working under ground.
Talk to your dealer.
Working in confined areas

Check that there is sufficient room for the machine.
Move slowly.
Working near danger areas

Observe great care near marked danger areas.
Do not operate too close to the edge of a quay, ramp etc.
Travelling and operating (working) on a

public road
As a machine operator you are considered to be a road user
and, therefore, required to know and follow local regulations
and national traffic regulations.
It is important to bear in mind that the machine, in comparison

with the rest of the traffic, is a slow moving and wide vehicle,
which may cause obstruction. Bear this in mind and pay
attention to the traffic behind you. Facilitate overtaking.
The use of an SMV-plate (Slow Moving Vehicle plate) is
recommended. It should be positioned on the machine where it
is easily visible, not inside the rear window or any other
window. It should be positioned at a height of 0.6-1.8 m (2-6 ft.)
above the ground, measured from the lower edge of the plate.
Road signs, traffic restricting arrangements and other safety
devices, which may be required when considering traffic speed
and intensity or other local conditions, must be used.
The moldboard should be raised (30-40 cm = 12-16 inches
above the ground).
Observe local regulations where use of rotating warning
beacons is concerned.
Before roading, it is a good idea to fold down the rear taillight

cluster arms and lock them in position. When not in use, fold up
the rear taillight cluster arms and lock them in position. Before
folding up and securing the rear taillight cluster arm, it is good
practice to remove any dirt build up that may have accumulated
during roading.
Make sure that large attachments do not obscure the travelling
lights. According to traffic regulations the area in front of the
machine must be sufficiently illuminated.
Measures before operating

1 Carry out daily service, see pages 186 and 190. (Make sure
that oils and coolant are compatible with the ambient
conditions.)
2 Check that there is sufficient fuel in the tank.
3 Clean / scrape the windows.
4 Adjust all mirrors to suit the operator's requirements.
5 Check that there are no faulty / loose parts or leaks which can
cause damage.
6 Check that the battery disconnect switch is switched on. Do
not bypass the battery disconnect switch. Have the switch
repaired if it is not working properly.
7 Check that the articulation lock pins have been removed and
stowed properly.
8 Check that the wheels are not blocked.
9 Check that the engine and access covers are closed and
secured.
10 Check that there are no persons in the vicinity of the
machine. See page 76.
11 Adjust the operator seat, steering pedestal and wheel. See
pages 59 and 64.

12 Fasten the lap type seat belt. The seat belt must fit snug and
low around the hips. The tether strap must be adjusted to
suit the seat suspension. See page 59.
After operating
Fill the fuel tank at the end of each shift. This reduces the
chance of condensation forming in the tank.
Starting engine
The engine must only be started with the ignition key in the cab.
1 Ensure the transmission shifter is in the Park (P) position.
This ensures that the parking brake is applied. The engine
cannot be started with the transmission shifter engaged in
Forward (F), Neutral (N) or Reverse (R).
2 Insert the ignition key in the switch. Turn the key clockwise to
the running position (I) so that a system test can take place,
the duration of which is 4-5 seconds.
3 At the same time check that all control lamps light up and that
the gauges show a reading.
4 Turn the ignition key clockwise to the starting position (III).
Release the key when the engine starts.
5 If the engine does not start, turn the key counterclockwise to

the (O) position before making a new starting attempt. Leave
the engine running at low idle for approx. 30 seconds to
ensure satisfactory lubrication of components like the
turbocharger.
6 Check that all control and warning lamps are extinguished.
Starting engine in cold weather
This machine is equipped with a preheating element. Starting fluid (ether etc.) must not be used.
The preheating function will automatically activate when the
coolant temperature is below ±0 °C (+32 °F).
1 Insert the ignition key in the switch. Turn the key clockwise to
the running position (I).
2 The preheating is now activated and the control lamp lights
up. After 10-50 seconds (the time depends on the coolant
temperature), the preheating element will automatically
deactivate and the lamp will go out.
NOTE! Preheat. If the preheat control lamp continues to

light for longer than 50 seconds, the preheating circuit is
still connected. In this case, do not operate the machine as
there is a risk of overheating. Have the function of the
element checked by a qualified service technician.
3 When the control lamp goes out, turn the ignition key
clockwise to the starting position (III). Release the key when
the engine starts.
4 The afterheating function automatically activates if the coolant
temperature is below ±0 °C (+32 °F) and the engine has
reached the running state (above 750 rpm with the ignition
key in the running position). When the afterheat function is
activated, the preheat control lamp lights up. Duration of
afterheat is related to coolant temperature; 20 seconds
minimum to 200 seconds maximum.
NOTE! Afterheat. When the engine reaches a running state,
the preheater could be re-activated for afterheat. If the
preheat control lamp continues to light for longer than 200
seconds, the afterheating circuit is till connected. In this
case do not operate the machine, as there is a risk of

overheating. Have the element checked by a qualified
service technician.
NOTE! Using immersion heaters to warm coolant and oil in
the engine is highly recommended. If possible store the
machine inside a heated facility.
Leave the engine running at low idle for 30 seconds so that the
oil in the engine, transmission and hydraulic system has
warmed up and become sufficiently fluid to provide proper
lubrication.
NOTE! Racing the engine immediately after it has been
started may damage the turbocharger.
Cold weather start-up, transmission and hydraulic systems

When operating in temperatures below -10 °C (+14 °F), store
the machine inside a heated facility or use immersion heaters in
the transmission case and hydraulic tank. You can use the
recommended oils provided the following conditions are met:
See page 193.
- Before start-up, the oil is preheated to a temperature above
the minimum value for the indicated oil and viscosity range.
- The operating temperature stays above the minimum value in
the applicable range.
Failure to comply with these requirements may result in a
malfunction or a reduced life of the transmission or hydraulic
components.
Unload function
To decrease the hydraulic load during cold weather start up, the
main hydraulic pump and hydraulic fan pump are limited to a
minimum displacement when the ignition key is turned to the
starting position (III).
Activation of the unload function will occur if the coolant
temperature is below 25°C (77 °F) and / or the hydraulic oil
temperature is below 0°C (32 °F). The text - INFO...hydraulic
unload on - appears on the display unit.
When the engine is started and the ignition key is in the running
position (I), a time delay is started to keep the unload function
activated. The length of delay is dependent on the hydraulic oil
temperature. Each °C below 0 will add 1 second of delay. The
unload function is deactivated after the delay time has passed.
NOTE! If oil in the hydraulic circuit is cold, hydraulic

functions may move slowly. Do not attempt to operate the
hydraulic functions until the hydraulic oil is warmed up
otherwise hydraulic pump damage may result.
Cycle all hydraulic cylinders through their working range
several times until the hydraulic functions operate
normally.
Gear shifting
Do not allow the machine to coast (freewheel) downhill in Neutral (N). Excess speed could cause loss
of control of the machine, as well as damage to the transmission.
Transmission modes
Three modes are available when controlling transmission
shifting.
- Manual mode.
- Automatic mode (optional).
- Travel mode (optional).
Manual mode
Transmission operation is controlled by the operator using the
transmission shifter and inching pedal.
In manual mode, the operator can activate an automatic
downshift function. This reduces the need to physically use the
shifter when bringing the machine to a stop. Automatic
downshifting is activated when the inching pedal is depressed
and the machine ground speed is approximately 3 km/h (1.8
mph). The transmission shifts to its highest allowable inching
gear.
· F5 (HTE840 transmission).
· F7 (HTE1160 transmission).
Automatic mode
The automatic mode function allows the operator to set the
maximum forward or reverse working gear. In this mode, the
transmission automatically upshifts and downshifts to the
maximum selected gear based on the engine speed (rpm).
Automatic mode is active in the following gear ranges:
· F4 - F8, R2 - R4 (HTE840 transmission).
· F6 - F11, R2- R6 (HTE1160 transmission).
If automatic mode is selected when the transmission current
gear is below the working range, manual mode remains active.
F3 (HTE840 transmission) or F5 (HTE1160 transmission)
becomes the minimum working gear during a shuttle shift from
Reverse (R) to Forward (F) while in automatic mode. The
transmission will then upshift to the minimum working gear.
Travel mode
Travel mode is intended when roading the machine. In this
mode, the transmission automatically upshifts and downshifts
according to the engine speed (rpm).
Travel mode is active in the following gear ranges:
· F4 - F8, R2 (HTE840 transmission).
· F6 - F11, R2 (HTE1160 transmission).
The transmission shifter, upshift and downshift functionality is
disabled. Creep mode for AWD models is not allowed.
If travel mode is selected when the current gear is below the
travel mode working range, the transmission will upshift
automatically - based on the engine speed (rpm) - and will
operate within the travel mode working range.
Starting from a complete stop

To prevent unnecessary stalling, use the inching pedal when
you are starting from a complete stop.
NOTE! The machine will not start to move in any forward

gear higher than 5th (HTE840 transmission) or 7th
(HTE1160 transmission). The machine will not start to
move in any reverse gear higher than 3rd (HTE840
transmission) or 4th (HTE1160 transmission).
NOTE! With the inching pedal fully depressed, the
transmission shifter direction function will not respond to
shifter movement.
Starting out
- Raise the moldboard and all attachments off the ground. See
page 68.
- If roading the machine, position the moldboard inside the
tyres. Steer the front wheels to make sure they do not strike
the moldboard.
- Depress the inching and service brake pedals.
- Press the transmission shifter neutral lock button. Move the
shifter to the left to disengage the lever from the Park (P)
position. This action releases the parking brake.
- Press the neutral lock button and move the shifter into either
the Forward (F) or Reverse (R) position.
- Select the starting gear by nudging the shifter to the right or to
the left. Digital text in the centre instrument display unit
informs you which gear the transmission is in.
- Release the service brake pedal, then slowly release the
inching pedal and accelerate as required.
NOTE! Do not rest your feet on the inching or service brake
pedals when driving the machine. This can cause
unnecessary wear and premature failure.
Changing gears
Once the machine is in motion, you do not have to use the

inching pedal to change gears. The best shift quality can be
obtained by maintaining consistent engine speed (rpm).
A To shift to a higher gear, nudge the shifter to the right and
release it.
B To shift to a lower gear, nudge the shifter to the left and
release.
NOTE! Downshift to an appropriate lower gear before
travelling down a hill to avoid overspeeding, otherwise
damage to the transmission could result.
Changing directions using inching pedal
NOTE! Stop the machine to change directions.

1 Depress the inching pedal and bring the machine to a
complete stop using the service brakes.
2 Press the neutral lock button and move the shifter forward (F)
for forward travel or backward (R) for reverse travel.
3 Select an appropriate gear for starting depending on your
working conditions. Starting in too high a gear may cause
the engine to stall.
Release the service brake pedal, then slowly release the
inching pedal and accelerate as required.
Memory gear feature

The memory gear feature allows the operator to customise the
shift patterns of the transmission to suit the job conditions.
To obtain different shift patterns, such as F2 and R1, you must
manually shift the transmission to that gear.
The memory feature remembers the selected gear that was last
used in either Forward or Reverse, and upon returning to that
direction, the V-ECU (vehicle electronic control unit)
automatically selects that gear. You only have to select the
required gears in either Forward or Reverse, no other
programming action is needed.
Once you have obtained a valid memory gear combination, you
can `shuttle-shift' between Forward and Reverse.
If a selected combination of Forward and Reverse gears is not
valid, the V-ECU automatically selects the default gear.
You must make a complete shift sequence (i.e., F-N-R or R-N-
F) to use the memory gear function. If you make an incomplete
shift sequence (i.e., F-N-F or R-N-R), the transmission returns
to the previous Forward and Reverse gear selection.
Gear shifting using the inching pedal and

memory gears
NOTE! The function allows the operator to change machine
direction using the inching pedal. A memory gear feature
allows the operator to customise the shift pattern
according to the job conditions.
Release the service brake pedal, then slowly release the
inching pedal. Direction change will take place according to the
following table depending on the transmission model installed.
HTE840
Forward to Memory
Shifting
reverse gears
Creep Creep, R1, R2 Shift to selected reverse memory gear.
F1 R1, R2
F2 R1, R2 NOTE! If previous reverse gear was not a memory gear, shift is made
F3 R1, R2 to the default gear.
F4 R1, R2 NOTE! The operator may increase th ereverse gear to the maximum
F5 R1, R2 allowable inching gear (R3).
R2 (default
F6
gear)
Shift to reverse default gear.
R2 (default
F7 NOTE! The operator may increase the reverse gear to the maximum
gear)
allowable inching gear (R3).
R2 (default
F8
gear)
Reverse to Memory
Shifting
forward gears
Creep Creep
R1 Shift to selected forward memory gear.
Creep, F1 -
R2 F5
NOTE! If previous forward gear was not a memory gear, shift is made
R3 to the maximu allowable inching gear.
F1 - F5
R4
HTE1160
Forward to reverse Memory gears Shifting
Creep Creep, R1, R2 Shift to selected reverse memory gear.
F1 R1, R2 NOTE! If previous reverse gear was not a
F2 R1, R2 memory gear, shift is made to the default
F3 R1, R2 gear.
F4 R1, R2 NOTE! The operator may increase the
F5 R1, R2 reverse gear to the maximum allowable
F6 R1, R2 inching gear (R4).
F7 R1, R2 Shift to reverse default gear.
F8 R2 (default gear) NOTE! The operator may increase the
F9 R2 (default gear) reverse gear to the maximum allowable
F10 R2 (default gear) inching gear (R4).
F11 R2 (default gear)
Reverse to forward Memory gears Shifting
Creep Creep Shift to selected forward memory gear.
R1 Creep F1 - F7 NOTE! If previous forward gear was not a
R2 memory gear, shift is made to the maximum
R3 F1 - F7 allowable inching gear (F7).
R4 F1 - F7
R5 F1 - F7
R6 F1 - F7
Changing directions using the shuttle

shift function
1 The shuttle shift function automatically controls the direction

change of the machine without the operator having to use
the inching pedal.
2 Press the neutral lock button and move the transmission
shifter to the opposite direction of travel.
3 The machine will downshift appropriately (proportional to the
gear selected). Do not reduce throttle rpm. Shuttle shifting
will control the engine speed and transmission activation.
4 The shuttle shift feature is cancelled if the shifter is held in the
Neutral (N) position for more that two seconds.
IMPORTANT! Use the shuttle shift function on level
surfaces only. Avoid using the shuttle shift function on
slopes. Loss of control or damage to the transmission
could result.
Gear shifting using shuttle shifting and

memory gears
NOTE! The function allows the operator to change machine
direction without using the inching pedal. A memory gear
feature allows the operator to customise the shift pattern
according to the job conditions.
A shuttle shift from a forward gear to a reverse gear or a
reverse gear to a forward gear will take place according to the
following table depending on the transmission model installed.
HTE840
Forward to reverse Memory gears Shuttle shifting
Creep Creep, R1, R2 Direct shuttle shift to selected reverse
F1 R1, R2 memory gear.
F2 R1, R2
F3 R1, R2
F4 R1, R2 Automatically downshifts to F3 before
F5 R1, R2 shuttle shift allowed to selected reverse
memory gear.
F6 R2 (default gear) Automatically downshifts to F3 before
F7 R2 (default gear) shuttle shift is allowed to default gear.
F8 R2 (default gear)
Reverse to forward Memory gears Shuttle shifting
Creep Creep Direct shuttle shift to selected memory gear.
R1 Creep, F1 - F3 Creep F1 - F3. Direct shuttle shift to
R2 selected forward memory gear.
F4 - F5. Shuttle shift is not allowed. Defaults
to F3.
R3 F1 - F3 Automatic downshifts to gear R2. Shuttle
shift allowed to memory gear F3 or lower.
R4 F1 - F3 Automatic downshifts to gear R2. Shuttle
shift allowed to memory gear F3 or lower.
HTE1160
Forward to Memory
Shuttle shifting
reverse gears
Creep Creep, R1, R2 Direct shuttle shift to selected reverse
F1 R1, R2 memory gear.
F2 R1, R2
F3 R1, R2
F4 R1, R2
F5 R1, R2
F6 R1, R2 Allowable shuttle shift. Forward gear
F7 R1, R2 automatically downshifts to F5 before
shuttle shift allowed to selected reverse
memory gear.
R2 (default
F8 Ground speed matching downshifts to gear
gear)
R2 (default
F9 F7. Automatic downshifts to F5 before
gear)
F10 R2 (default shuttle shift is allowed to default gear.
gear)
R2 (default
F11
gear)
Reverse to Memory
Shuttle Shifting
forward gears
Creep Creep Direct shuttle shift to selected memory gear.
R1 Creep, F1 - F5 F1 - F5. Direct shuttle shift to selected
forward memory gear.
F6 - F7. Shuttle shift is not allowed, defaults
to F5.
R2 Creep, F1 - F5 F1 - F5. Direct shuttle shift to selected
forward memory gear.
F6 - F7. Shuttle shift is not allowed, defaults
to F5.
F1 - F5. Direct shuttle shift to selected forward memory gear.
R3 Creep, F1 - F5
F6 - F7. Shuttle shift is not allowed, defaults to F5.
Automatically downshifts to gear R3. Shuttle shift allowed to
R4 F1 - F5 memory gear F5 or lower.
All Wheel Drive models

AWD (All Wheel Drive) is a hydrostatic drive system used to
increase tractive effort and steering control at the front wheels
during slippery conditions. Two electronically controlled,
variable-displacement hydraulic pumps power the system in a
closed loop circuit. Each pump supplies one front wheel motor.
The wheel motors are a 2-speed, high torque, radial piston,
cam lobe type. Each wheel motor has a separate speed sensor.
All Wheel Drive responds in forward gears 1 to 7 (HTE840
transmission) or 1 to 10 (HTE1160 transmission) and all
reverse gears.
Do not allow the machine to coast (freewheel) downhill in Neutral with the AWD system engaged.
Excess speed could cause loss of control of the machine as well as damage to the transmission.
Memory gear feature - All Wheel Drive models

With the All Wheel Drive system engaged, switching to Creep
Mode will eliminate any previously selected memory gear
combination.
The memory gear feature allows you to shift between normal All
Wheel Drive and Creep Mode. For example, a shift between
Creep Mode forward and second gear reverse.
All Wheel Drive applications

Side loading
You can counteract the side loads encountered when working
across a slope or when grading heavy material by using All
Wheel Drive. Driving the front wheels against the side loads
maintains directional control.

Traction and steering control
When traction is poor and the rear wheels of the machine are
slipping, use All Wheel Drive to transfer power to the front
wheels. By counteracting rear wheel slip, All Wheel Drive
allows the machine to carry a greater load on the blade,
reduces rear tyre wear and reduces shock loads on the primary
drivetrain. All Wheel Drive can also provide better steering
control on low traction surfaces by supplying full power to both
front wheels during turns.
System operation
All Wheel Drive is available in the following combinations:
- All reverse gears (HTE840 and HTE1160 transmissions).
Activate the system by pressing the upper end of the switch on
the pedestal instrument panel.
- If AWD is switched on when the machine is moving, the
machine must be slowed below 4th gear (HTE840
transmission) or 6th gear (HTE1160 transmission) for the
system to engage. The AWD mode information on the
display unit (XXX) will flash until the system engages.
- When upshifting, the system automatically switches to tandem

drive only in 8th gear, and back to AWD in 7th gear when
downshifted (HTE840 transmission).
- When upshifting, the system automatically switches to tandem
drive only in 11th gear, and back to AWD in 10th gear when
downshifted (HTE1160 transmission).
System deactivation
The All Wheel Drive system automatically enters into certain
modes according to the following conditions:
1 AWD switch is placed in the OFF position - AWD system off.
2 Shifter is placed in Neutral (N) - AWD system in neutral.
3 Shifter is placed in 8th gear Forward (HTE840 transmission);
11th gear Forward (HTE1160 transmission) - AWD system on

standby.
4 Inching or service brake pedal are depressed - AWD system
on standby.
5 Hydraulic oil temperature in the reservoir is above normal
operating range - AWD system off.
6 Oil level in the hydraulic tank is too low - AWD system off.
7 Charge pressure is too low - AWD system off.
Creep mode
Creep mode uses hydrostatic front wheel drive to power the
machine from 0-4 km/h (0-2.5 mph). The rear wheels are not
driving when Creep mode is activated.
In Creep mode, the engine speed is limited to 1600 rpm.
NOTE! Selecting Creep mode eliminates any memory gear
combination previously used.
- With the AWD system engaged and the transmission in
Forward (F) or Reverse (R), switch to Creep mode by
operating the transmission shifter to 1st gear. Make one
more shift to a lower gear (holding for one second) to
activate Creep mode and the machine will move in the
direction previously selected.
- Increase engine speed above 880 rpm to start moving. Use
engine rpm to adjust to desired ground speed.
- To stop the machine or change direction, depress the inching
pedal and reduce the engine speed below 880 rpm.
- Upshifting the transmission will place the system into normal
AWD mode. Shift between a normal AWD gear combination
and Creep mode.
NOTE! If the AWD switch is turned off while the machine is
operating in Creep mode, and if the ground speed is less
than 0.5 km/h (0.3 mph) for greater than one second, the
transmission shifts to Neutral (N), which is the default
position. You must move the inching pedal beyond 90 % to
engage F1.
NOTE! If the AWD switch is turned off while the machine is
operating in Creep mode, and if the ground speed is
greater than 0.5 km/h (0.3 mph) then the transmission
shifts directly to F1. You do not have to move the inching

pedal.
Two options are available to select an operating gear.
1 Depress and release the inching pedal. First gear will activate
in the direction that the shifter has been selected.
2 Move the shifter into the Neutral (N) position. Depress the
inching pedal and move the shifter into Forward (F) or
Reverse (R). The transmission will shift to the default gear
(F1 or R1). Select the appropriate gear for the job and
release the inching pedal.
AWD aggression
Different tractive conditions are often encountered by the front
and the rear of the machine. The AWD aggression switch is
used to fine tune rotational speed differences that may occur
between the front and the rear wheels when grading under
diverse conditions with the All Wheel Drive system engaged.
Sixteen positions are available.
- Depending on conditions, a setting between 6 and 11 adjusts
the front wheel speed to match the rear.
- A lower setting slows the front wheel speed compared to the
rear. A higher setting increases the front wheel speed
compared to the rear.
Steering
The machine has front wheel steering controlled by a closed-

centre, load sensing hydrostatic steering system. Turn the
steering wheel to steer the machine to the left or right.
Maximum 6.2 revolutions lock to lock.
The steering system only operates when engine is running. If engine stalls, stop the machine.
If the engine stalls, stop the machine. Engage the transmission
shifter in the Park (P) position. Restart the engine, if possible. If
the engine cannot be started, have the engine repaired by a
qualified service technician.
Front wheel lean

Under poor traction conditions, you can reduce the turning
circle of the machine by leaning the front wheels. Lean the
wheels in the direction of the turn. Position the front wheels
vertically again after completing the turn.
Do not use wheel lean at high speeds. Reaction is quick.
Steering using articulation
Do not articulate the machine when operating on slopes or when roading. Machine could roll over.
Always articulate the machine prior to moving onto the slope.
Use the articulation lever to further reduce the machine's
turning circle. Before articulating, remove the articulation lock
pins.
Do not use at high speeds. Reaction is quick.

- Ensure that the articulation lock pins are installed when
roading the grader.
- Ensure that the control switch for locking the rear axle
differential is in the UNLOCK position before turning the
machine. This will reduce the turning radius and decrease
tyre scuffing when operating on paved surfaces.
Secondary steering system

(optional equipment outside EU / EAA)
This auxiliary hydraulic system allows the operator to make

steering corrections more easily in the event of loss of hydraulic
flow to the steering unit. The ignition key must be in the (I)
(running) position to operate the system.
Operate the system long enough to bring the machine to a stop
in a safe location - maximum one minute.
IMPORTANT! Do not operate the secondary steering
system longer than one minute. A thermal cut-off device
that protects against overheating will activate.
In the event of low steering oil pressure, the primary steering
system control lamp (A) and the secondary steering system
control lamp (B) will light up, accompanied by a buzzer, text
display (C), and a flashing red central warning lamp (D).
Testing the secondary steering system

1 Insert and turn the ignition key to the (I) (running) position. Do
not start the engine.
2 Press and hold the upper end of the momentary-type switch
on the side console instrument panel to activate the system.
The primary and secondary control lamps light up. At the
same time, the amber central warning lamp flashes and
information text shows on the display unit.
3 Check the system by turning the steering wheel.

4 If the steering wheel does not turn easily, there is a fault in
the system.
IMPORTANT! Do not operate the machine. Have the system
repaired by a qualified service technician.
5 Start the engine. The warning lights will extinguish and the
alarm will stop sounding to indicate that the system is ready
if the engine stalls.
6 If the warning lights stay on and alarm continues to sound
with the engine running, do not drive the machine. The
system is faulty and must be repaired by a qualified service
technician.
Braking
Service brakes
Push down on the brake pedal to apply the service brakes.
If the brake warning lamp lights and the alarm sounds during operation, bring the machine to a safe
stop. The brake system is faulty and must be repaired by a qualified service technician. Do not drive
the machine.
The service brake system has two separate brake circuits. The
system provides reduced braking capability in the event of a
brake line rupture or other failure in one circuit.
Each of the two circuits function on one front and opposite rear
tandem wheel. Should one circuit fail, braking remains effective
on all tandem wheels through the tandem chains.
In the event of service brake circuit failure, the red warning
lamp (C) lights. At the same time, the red central warning lamp
(B) flashes and a display panel alarm text (D) indicates fault /
error type. The buzzer sounds if the transmission shift lever is
in a position other than Park (P).
A supplementary power source enables hydraulic power assist
in the event of an engine failure or any situation where
hydraulic oil flow is interrupted to the service brake system.
When the brake pedal is depressed, reduced braking capability
is still available when the engine is not running, or the key is not
inserted in the ignition switch. This reserve system provides
power assisted braking capability at a reduced level and
automatically resets when hydraulic oil flow and pressure is
restored.
IMPORTANT! Do not rest your foot on the brake pedal with
the ignition key in the OFF position. This may damage the
supplementary brake system.
Brake adjustment
Refer to the Service Manual for information on adjusting the
brakes.
Parking brake
NOTE! Only apply the parking brake when the machine has
stopped. Always apply the brake if the machine is to be left
unattended.
The red warning lamp (A) lights when the parking brake is
applied. If the brake is applied when the machine is in motion
above
0.5 km/h (0.3 mph), the red central warning lamp (B) flashes,
the buzzer sounds and alarm text shows on the display unit (C).
The red or amber central warning lamp flashes depending on
parking brake error condition. Alarm text indicating fault / error
type is shown on the display unit (C).
With the ignition key in the (I) position and the parking brake
released, the brake will be automatically applied if the switch is
moved to the (R) or (O) positions.
Emergency braking
In an emergency situation, the parking brake may be used.
Move the transmission shifter into the Park (P) position. This
will automatically apply the parking brake.
If the parking brake has been used in an emergency situation, the assembly must be inspected and
serviced by a qualified service technician.
The parking brake is self-adjusting. For additional information,
see pages 174 and 205.
Differential lock
NOTE! Lock or unlock the differential ONLY when driving

at slow speeds, in a straight line or if the machine is
stopped. Do not lock or unlock the differential while
making a turn or when the tandem wheels on one side are
spinning. Damage to the differential could result.
The differential lock / unlock switch (A) is located in the
pedestal instrument panel on the lower right-hand side. An
amber control lamp (B) in the centre instrument panel and the
indicator lamp on the switch will light up when the differential
lock is in the LOCK position.
- Press the upper end of the switch to activate the differential
lock (LOCK position) for normal grading operations when
maximum traction is required. The control lamp will light up.
- Press the lower end of the switch to deactivate the differential
lock (UNLOCK position) when differential action is required.
This will reduce the turning radius and decrease tyre
scuffing and strain on the drivetrain when operating on
paved surfaces. The control lamp will go out.
Stopping machine
1 Lower the engine speed.

2 Slowly depress and hold down the inching and brake pedals.
Depressing the inching pedal only may not stop the
machine.
3 Use brake pedal to hold machine when transmission is in
gear, inching pedal depressed and engine is running.
4 Move the transmission shifter into the Park (P) position. This
will automatically apply the parking brake.
5 Release the inching and brake pedals.
6 Lower the moldboard and all attachments to the ground.
7 Run the engine at low idle a couple of minutes before
stopping it in order to safeguard the lubrication and cooling
of the turbocharger.
8 Turn the ignition key counterclockwise to the (O) position so
that the control lamps go out and the engine stops.
When you are entering or leaving the machine, always face the machine and use the steps or
handholds to avoid slipping. Always use the "three-point" grip, i.e. both hands and one foot or both
feet and one hand, when entering or leaving - Do not jump!
If the operator has to leave the cab while the engine is running,
care must be taken so as not to turn the steering wheel or move
the hydraulic control levers unintentionally.
NOTE! The interior of the cab is equipped with two

additional handholds. They are welded to the bar at the
bottom of the front windshield. You will find these
handholds useful when entering or leaving the machine.
As an additional safety feature at night, refer to page 74 and
move the cab interior (dome) light switch to the appropriate
position for allowing the interior lights to illuminate when either
door is opened.
Parking
1 If possible, place the machine on level ground. If this is not

possible, block the wheels so that the machine cannot start
rolling. Lower the moldboard and all attachments to the
ground. Do not apply down-pressure.
2 Check that all switches and controls are in the OFF position
or in neutral.
3 Apply the parking brake after the machine has come to a
complete standstill.
4 Remove and retain the ignition key.
5 Turn the battery disconnect switch OFF if the machine is to
be left unattended for some time.
6 Lock all covers, windows and doors.
Long-term parking
1 Carry out the measures as described above.
2 Wash the machine and touch up the paint finish to avoid
rusting.
3 Treat exposed parts with an anti-rust agent, lubricate the
machine thoroughly and protect unpainted surfaces like
cylinder rods, etc.
4 Check the tyre pressure and protect the tyres against strong
sunlight.
5 Fill the fuel tank. Fill the hydraulic oil tank to the MAX. mark.
6 Cover the exhaust pipe (parking out-of-doors).
7 Make sure that the freezing point of the coolant is sufficiently
low (in cold weather).
Check after long-term parking

- All oil and fluid levels. Check for leaks.
- Thoroughly wash the machine and remove all protective
coatings.
- Tension of all belts.
- Tyre pressure.
- Air cleaner.
- Remove the cover from the exhaust pipe (if installed during
preparation for long-term parking out-of-doors).
- Ensure that ports, hatches, openings and engine compartment
areas are free of animal sanctuaries.
Recovering / towing
Before taking any steps in preparation for recovering or towing, the parking brake must be applied
and the wheels blocked to prevent the machine from rolling. The greatest care must be taken in
connection with towing to avoid serious injury or death
If the engine cannot be started, the braking and steering functions will be limited. In this case, towing
should be restricted to emergencies only and over the shortest possible distance by knowledgeable
personnel. If possible, transport the machine on a trailer.
Measures
If possible, the engine should be running to make the brakes
and steering operational.
If the engine runs, ensure that the transmission shift lever is in

Neutral (N). Tow the machine with the engine running. On All
Wheel Drive models, make sure the All Wheel Drive system is
switched OFF.
Some local laws prohibit or limit the use of tow chains on
highways. Check state and local regulations.
If the rear axle is damaged, do not tow the machine.
Do not attempt to start the engine by towing. Damage to the
transmission will result.
Parking brake, mechanical release

If, for any reason, the parking brake cannot be released by
hydraulic pressure, release the brake using the manual override
method.
1 Place the machine in the Service position. See page 137.

2 Loosen the two adjusting screw locknuts.
3 Turn the two adjusting screws inward in an even manner until
the cup spring preload is overcome and the brake pack
released.
NOTE! Turning the adjusting screws evenly prevents the
brake piston from twisting.
To reset the parking brake, turn the adjusting screws outward to
their original position in an even manner. Tighten the locknuts.
Recovering
Install an appropriate chain through the hole in the nose plate

and tow the machine to a suitable place or a trafficable road. To
avoid oblique loading, pull the machine straight forward.
If the optional tow hitch is installed at the rear of the machine,
attach a bar and tow the machine to a suitable place or a
trafficable road. To avoid oblique loading, pull the machine
straight rearward.
NOTE! The lifting and tie-down points on the rear frame on
the inside of the rear wheels must not be used for
recovering (only for lifting or lashing the machine).
Towing
Precautions to follow before towing are:
- Install the articulation lock pins.
- Turn the hazard lights and rotating beacon on.
- Secure the moldboard and all attachments. Use chains or
cables that are in good condition.
Use a towbar, which should be connected to the tow hitch at
the rear of the machine to be towed as describe above. A wire
rope or chain can also be secured through the opening in the
front of the nose plate. If the brakes on the machine do not
work, a towbar must be used.
The towing vehicle or machine must be at least as heavy as the
machine to be towed and must have sufficient engine power
and braking capacity to pull and brake both machines on any
up or down grades.
Do not tow further than absolutely necessary as otherwise the
transmission may be damaged.
When towing further than 10 km (6 miles) or when towing at a

speed that could exceed 10 km/h (6 mph), transport the
machine on a trailer.
NOTE! Be aware that towing the machine from the rear with
the engine running could cause hot exhaust gas to flow to
the air cleaner. Moderate towing speeds accordingly. It is
preferred to tow the machine in a forward direction.
After recovering / towing
Before the towbar, wire rope or chain is removed, the following

safety measures should be taken:
1 If possible, place the machine on level ground.
2 Block the wheels to prevent the machine from rolling.
3 Move the transmission shift lever to the Park (P) position to
apply the parking brake.
NOTE! If the machine is left with a disabled parking brake,
this must be indicated by a label attached to the steering
wheel.
Transporting machine
If the machine is driven from a loading dock onto the platform of a truck or trailer, make sure that this
vehicle is securely braked, i.e. the wheels blocked and that there is no risk that the vehicle will tip or
tilt as the machine is driven onto the platform.
NOTE! Do not transport the machine with the engine
running. There is a risk of fire and significant equipment
and property damage.
On another vehicle
Ensure that the transporting equipment is adequate to hold the
weight and size of the machine. For additional information, see
pages 210 and 211.
Ensure that the combined height of the transportation

equipment and the top of the machine cab is lower than local
height restrictions or any bridges, overpasses or overhead
obstructions expected to be encountered during transport. For
additional information, see page 210.
The rotating warning beacon can be lowered for increased
clearance.
If the machine is to be lifted up onto another vehicle, the
articulation lock pins must be installed.
- Use attaching points intended for lifting.
If the machine is to be driven up onto another vehicle, do not
install the articulation lock pins until the machine is to be tied
down (lashed).
Tie down (lash) the machine securely.
Lashing
Before tying down (lashing), position the machine on the

transportation equipment as follows:
1 Place the transmission shift lever in the Park (P) position.
2 Lower the moldboard lengthwise under the machine onto
wooden blocks. Do not apply down pressure.
3 Install chocks at the front and rear tandem wheels. Wedge
and nail the chocks in place.
4 Relieve residual hydraulic pressure by operating all the
hydraulic control levers.
5 Place the machine in the Service position. See page 137.
6 Cover the exhaust opening with suitable protection (not
plastic) to avoid air being forced into the engine and possibly
damaging the turbocharger.
Tie down (lash) the machine using attaching points intended for
this purpose so that it cannot tip or begin to roll.
Lifting
If the machine is to be lifted up, the articulation lock pins must
be installed.
Lift the machine using attaching points intended for this
purpose (see figure).
NOTE! Refer to the sling / tie down chart on page 14.
Lifting arrangement Lifting points

Tie-down (lashing) points
1 15° maximum lifting angle (EU / EEA 4 Front, mid and rear lifting points
machines) 3 Front, mid and rear tie-down
(Nose plate lifting bracket is optional for EU /
(lashing) points
2 10° maximum lifting angle EEA machines)
Operating techniques
General
The following pages contain advice and instructions on how to
operate the machine and examples of how the most common
attachments are used. It is important that the correct technique
is used to obtain safe and efficient use of the machine.
The machine is equipped with load-sensing hydraulics, which
means that a low engine speed is sufficient for all handling, as
full oil flow is always available. The system, therefore, uses less
fuel and provides a higher operator comfort.
Watch for bystanders and never allow anyone to be near the
machine and its attachments while operating.
Crushing hazard. Support the attachment before adjusting or servicing it. Hydraulic or mechanical
failure could cause attachment to fall resulting in severe personal injury or death.
Do not work on machines supported only by moldboard or attachments. Hydraulic or mechanical

failure could cause machine to fall resulting in severe personal injury or death.
Accidents
Accidents and also incidents should be reported to the site
management immediately.
If possible, move the machine away from the traffic area of the
job site. Park and secure the machine.
Only take necessary action so as to reduce the effect of
damage, especially personal injuries. Avoid action which may
make an investigation more difficult.
Wait for further instructions from the site management.
Attachments
Using the correct attachment for a particular job is a deciding

factor when it comes to the capacity of the machine.
In general, the machines have direct-mounted attachments.
When choosing attachments, follow the recommendations
issued by Volvo CE. Because of great variations in, for
example, usage, material and working environment, one may
deviate from these recommendations. In such cases, the Volvo
CE dealer should first be contacted for further information and
approval. You are yourself responsible for the safety regarding
the combination of machine-attachment and also that the
national safety requirements are met.
- According to the EU Machine Directive, the CE marking must

be shown on the machine product plate. This marking,
therefore, also covers the attachments which are designed
by Volvo CE, as they are an integrated part of the machine
and adapted to the machine. Volvo CE is not responsible for
attachments manufactured by other companies. Such
attachments must be CE marked and accompanied by a
Declaration of Conformity and user instructions.
Five common attachments

1 Mid-mounted scarifier
2 Front-mounted scarifier
3 Rear-mounted ripper
4 Front-mounted dozer blade
5 Front-mounted push block
Attaching and disconnecting

attachments
Never use an attachment until you have checked that it is securely fastened and that the attachment,
including hydraulic hoses, connections and hardware are undamaged - your safety is involved.
Clean all hydraulic connections before attaching and
connecting any attachment. This prevents contamination
(foreign particles, water, etc.) entering the hydraulic system.
If you are uncertain as to whether the attachment is fully
secure, you must visually check that all mounting pins are
securely installed.
Pressure release
Excess pressure in a hydraulic attachment can be released by
slackening the locknut between the hose and the hydraulic pipe
and then tightening it again.
Collect any spilled oil.
IMPORTANT! The attachment should always rest on the

ground when releasing the pressure.
IMPORTANT! Always wear protection equipment such as
industrial gloves, coveralls and a face shield or safety
glasses with side shields before releasing excess pressure
at a hydraulic hose / pipe connection.
Refer to the Safety section in the Service Manual for
complete details when releasing hydraulic pressure or
working on the hydraulic system.
Scarifier
The front-mounted and mid-mounted scarifier is hydraulically

raised and lowered using the appropriate control lever on the
pedestal. For additional information, see pages 71 and 73.
- Do not skid the teeth along the surface. Always lower the
teeth directly into the ground.
- Do not use the scarifier when turning or with the frame
articulated. This places side loads on the scarifier teeth and
may result in equipment damage.
- Scarify downslope whenever possible. For additional
information, see page 108.
Scarifier shank depth, adjusting
- Lower the scarifier to within several centimetres of the ground.

- Remove the wedge from each shank.
- The shanks incorporate adjustment notches. Move the shank
to the desired depth and engage the appropriate notch with
the scarifier box.
- Install the wedge.
Scarifier tooth angle, adjusting
- Lower the scarifier to the ground.

- Remove the bolts, lockwashers and nuts that hold the scarifier
box arms to the scarifier drawbar.
- Tilt the scarifier box to the desired angle and align the bolt
holes. You may have to loosen the ball stud nuts. Install and
tighten the bolts.
Scarifier teeth, replacing

- The hardened scarifier teeth are replaceable. Use a hammer
and drift to force the tooth forward and off the shank.
- Install a new tooth and tap onto the shank.
Ripper
Some machines may use the mid-mounted scarifier hydraulic

control lever to raise and lower the ripper.
For rear attachment float, see page 73.
Ripper tooth shank positions
See illustration for appropriate working or transporting

condition:
- Adjust the ripper tooth shank positions for the appropriate
working or transporting condition.
- Remove the cotter pins, flatwashers and pins from the ripper
shanks and ripper box brackets.
- Remove and reposition the shanks.
NOTE! Take extra care. The shanks are heavy.
- Align the holes of the ripper shanks and ripper box brackets.
- Install the pins and secure them with the flatwashers and
cotter pins.
Ripper shank, removing

- Lower the ripper onto a safe support.
- Remove the cotter pins, flatwashers and pins that hold the
shank in the ripper brackets.
- Remove the shanks carefully. They are heavy.
Ripper teeth, replacing
- To replace ripper teeth, remove the roll pin. Remove and

discard the tooth. Clean the shank and install a new tooth.
Install the roll pin.
Scarifier, ripper and dozer blade

operation
When operating close to power lines, underground cables,
water mains or gas lines, contact the responsible authority and
request assistance.
When scarifying or ripping across a slope, keep the moldboard
parallel with the front axle, centred to the frame and lowered
close to the ground to provide protection against rolling over.
A scarifier or ripper is useful for breaking up hard surfaces such
as asphalt, rocky subgrade and ice to ease grading.
Scarifier
A scarifier is mounted either on the front of the machine or

behind the front wheels and is hydraulically operated from
inside the cab. See pages 71 and 73. The mid-mounted
scarifier can be used with other front-mounted attachments.
The scarifier is equipped with up to eleven teeth that are
adjustable and replaceable. Use the scarifier to break up
surfaces that are too hard to cut with the moldboard. For
especially hard surfaces, reduce the number of teeth. Always
lower the scarifier teeth into the material slowly while the
machine is moving at a slow speed. Do not skid the teeth along
hard surfaces such as large rocks or pavement. Do not use the
scarifier when turning or articulating. This places side loads on

the scarifier teeth and may result in equipment damage.
Ripper
The ripper is very useful for dislodging large rocks and tree
stumps, and breaking up asphalt pavement. The ripper can be
equipped with five ripper teeth or nine scarifier teeth. The ripper
is hydraulically operated from inside the cab. See page 71.
When using the ripper, lower the teeth into the ground with the
machine in motion. If the rear wheels lose traction, raise the
ripper until the wheels regain traction. For especially hard
surfaces, reduce the number of teeth. To break old pavement,
lower the teeth under the pavement and raise the ripper. Do not
use the ripper when turning or articulating. This places side
loads on the ripper / scarifier teeth and may result in equipment
damage. Do not use the rear scarifier teeth to rip up old
pavement or asphalt.
Dozer blade
The dozer blade is hydraulically raised and lowered using the

control lever on the pedestal. See page 73.
On machines equipped with optional front lift float capabilities.
See page 68 for further information.
It is used for spreading, backfilling and knocking down piles of
material.
Turning around using

articulation
Ensure the control switch for the differential lock is in the
UNLOCK position before turning the machine. This will reduce
strain on the rear axle and decrease tyre scuffing when
operating on paved surfaces.
Remove the articulation lock pins before attempting to articulate

the machine.
Use the articulation lever to articulate the grader in the direction
you wish to turn.
- Push forward on the control lever to articulate the machine to

the left.
- Pull back on the control lever to articulate the machine to the
right.
The indicator gauge in front of the operator displays the amount
of frame articulation.
Install the articulation lock pins when not using the articulation
function, travelling in traffic or at roading speeds.
- Fully raise the moldboard and attachments before you turn the
machine around.
- Position the moldboard so it will not contact the front tandem

tyres when articulating as severe damage can occur.
- With the machine moving forward, turn the wheels left and
articulate the frame left.
- Upon completing the turn, turn the wheels right and articulate
the frame straight.
Making a three point turn

Understand and obey all traffic laws, road signs and signals.
When turning on a narrow road or highway, use your own
judgement for the amount of area the machine requires to turn
around. If you consider it necessary to use the articulation
function, remove the articulation lock pins before attempting to
articulate the machine. Install the articulation lock pins when not
using the articulation function.
Manoeuvre 1:
- Fully raise the moldboard and attachments before you turn the
machine around.
- Lean the wheels slightly in the direction you are turning.
- Travel as far forward as possible.
Manoeuvre 2:
- Lean and turn the front wheels in the opposite direction.
- Select reverse gear and back up the machine as far as
possible.
Manoeuvre 3:
- Lean and turn the wheels to the new travel direction.
- Straighten the wheels after the turn is completed.
- Position the moldboard so it will not contact the front tandem
tyres when articulating as severe damage can occur.
Moldboard
Moldboard positioning is very important when grading. The

moldboard is usually angled 15 to 75 degrees from the centre
line of the frame. The greater the moldboard angle, the more
material is carried across the moldboard allowing for deeper
cuts and heavier grading. The material moved by the
moldboard creates a side thrust on the machine. The operator
can counteract this side thrust by leaning the front wheels in the
direction the material is moving along the moldboard.
Moldboard pitch is also important. For normal grading, the
moldboard should be tilted slightly forward from the vertical
position. Tilting the moldboard forward allows material to roll for
spreading or compacting. Tilting the moldboard backward
increases the cutting ability and reduces the rolling action of the
material.
IMPORTANT! Do not use excessive force to back drag
material with the moldboard. Equipment damage can
result. It is recommended that the moldboard is completely
rotated to properly use the cutting edge when grading in
reverse.
Study these illustrations to familiarise yourself with the

terms used in this manual.
Moldboard toe - The point of the moldboard closest to the front

wheels.
Moldboard heel - The point of the moldboard farthest away from
the front wheels.
Moldboard angle - The angle of the moldboard as measured
from the moldboard toe to the centre line of the front frame of
the machine.
Blade lift system
Moldboard blade lift procedure -

Right-hand side
This procedure describes how to manoeuvre the moldboard

into the right-hand side high bank sloping position. The blade lift
system provides a total blade position range.
- Observe all moving parts to prevent structure fouling when
using the blade lift system.
- Park the machine.
- Place the transmission shifter in the Park (P) position.
- Position the moldboard at 90 degrees to the frame.
- Centralise the circle, drawbar and moldboard with the frame.
- Fully lower the moldboard and all attachments. Do not apply
down-pressure.
- Ensure that there are no persons or vehicles near the
machine.
1 Operate the blade lift lock pin switch (A) on the pedestal
instrument panel to release the blade lift lock pin.
Upper end of switch pushed up and pressed in = Blade lift

lock pin is disengaged.
The amber blade lift lock status lamp (B) in the centre
disengaged. If the status lamp does not light up, slowly
operate both the right-hand and left-hand blade lift cylinder
hydraulic control levers until the blade lift lock pin fully
retracts and the lamp lights up.
2 Observe the pointer on the bracket and "dimples" on the right-

hand arm. Retract the left-hand blade lift cylinder and extend
the right-hand blade lift cylinder to move the blade lift
lockbar to the right. This action pivots the blade lift arms
around their pins. Pivot the blade lift arms until the final
"dimple" on the right-hand arm aligns with the pointer.
3 Operate the blade lift lock switch on the pedestal instrument

panel to engage the blade lift lock pin.
Lower end of switch pressed in = Blade lift lock pin is

engaged.
The blade lift lock status lamp will go out to indicate that the
lock pin has engaged. If the status lamp does not go out,
slowly operate both the right-hand and left-hand blade lift
cylinder hydraulic control levers until the blade lift lock pin
fully engages and the lamp goes out.
4 Operate the moldboard slide shift hydraulic control lever to

slide the moldboard as far to the right as possible.
5 Using the circle turn hydraulic control lever, rotate the circle
so that the end of the moldboard is close to the front tyre.
6 Retract the right-hand blade lift cylinder approximately 60 cm

(2 feet). Fully extend the left-hand blade lift cylinder and the
circle shift cylinder. Retract the right-hand blade lift cylinder
until the moldboard reaches the desired position. Observe
all moving parts to prevent structure fouling when using the
blade lift system.
7 Using the circle turn hydraulic control lever, rotate the circle to
allow the end of the moldboard to clear the ground.
Reverse this procedure to return the moldboard to the

normal grading position.

Left-hand side
This procedure describes how to manoeuvre the moldboard

into the left-hand side high bank sloping position. The blade lift
system provides a total blade position range.
- Observe all moving parts to prevent structure fouling when
- Remove the right-hand moldboard extension if installed.
- Park the machine.
- Place the transmission shifter in the Park (P) position.
- Position the moldboard at 90 degrees to the frame.

- Centralise the circle, drawbar and moldboard with the frame.
- Fully lower the moldboard and all attachments. Do not apply

down-pressure.
- Ensure that there are no persons or vehicles near the
machine.
1 Operate the blade lift lock pin switch (A) on the pedestal
instrument panel to release the blade lift lock pin.
Upper end of switch pushed up and pressed in = Blade lift

lock pin is disengaged.
The amber blade lift lock status lamp (B) in the centre
disengaged. If the status lamp does not light up, slowly
operate both the right-hand and left-hand blade lift cylinder
hydraulic control levers until the blade lift lock pin fully
retracts and the lamp lights up.
2 Observe the pointer on the bracket and "dimples" on the left-

hand arm. Retract the right-hand blade lift cylinder and
extend the left-hand blade lift cylinder to move the blade lift
lockbar to the left. This action pivots the blade lift arms
around their pins. Pivot the blade lift arms until the final
"dimple" on the left-hand arm aligns with the pointer.
3 Operate the blade lift lock switch on the pedestal instrument

panel to engage the blade lift lock pin.
Lower end of switch pressed in = Blade lift lock pin is

engaged.
The blade lift lock status lamp will go out to indicate that the
lock pin has engaged. If the status lamp does not go out,
slowly operate both the right-hand and left-hand blade lift
cylinder hydraulic control levers until the blade lift lock pin
fully engages and the lamp goes out.
4 Use the moldboard slide shift hydraulic control lever to slide

the moldboard as far to the left as possible.
5 Using the circle turn hydraulic control lever, rotate the circle
so that the end of the moldboard is close to the front tyre.
6 Retract the left-hand blade lift cylinder approximately 60 cm

(2 feet). Fully extend the right-hand blade lift cylinder and
retract the circle shift cylinder. Retract the left-hand blade lift
cylinder until the moldboard reaches the desired position.
Observe all moving parts to prevent structure fouling when
7 Using the circle turn hydraulic control lever, rotate the circle to
allow the end of the moldboard to clear the ground.
Reverse this procedure to return the moldboard to the

normal grading position.
Grading around an object

Note and avoid all hazards and obstructions such as
overhangs, ledges, slide areas, power lines, underground
cables, water mains, gas lines, etc.
When operating close to power lines, underground cables,
water mains or gas lines, contact the responsible authority and
request assistance.
Manoeuvre 1:
- Reduce your speed.

- Use the accelerator to slowly manoeuvre the machine around
the object.
- Drive as close as possible to the object to reduce the amount
of hand shovelling required.
Manoeuvre 2:
- Use the moldboard slide shift hydraulic control lever and move
the moldboard to follow the shape of the object.
Manoeuvre 3:
- Slide the moldboard back to its original position after you have
passed the object and continue grading.
Grading on an `S' curve

shoulder
- Slowly approach the first right-hand curve.
- Lean the front wheels slightly to the left to counteract side

thrust.
- Turn right and follow the edge of the shoulder nearest the
ditch.
- Position the toe of the moldboard behind and outside the front
right-hand wheel. Always have the toe of the moldboard
positioned on the edge of the shoulder nearest the ditch
while grading.
- When finishing the right-hand curve, turn straight.
- As you approach the second curve, follow the edge of the

shoulder nearest the ditch and turn left.
- Complete the curve and continue grading.

- If a windrow has been created, make a clean-up pass to
remove the windrow and reshape the shoulder.
- Articulate the machine in the direction of the curve and follow

the edge of the shoulder nearest the ditch. Slide and
position the moldboard as required. Do not allow the
moldboard to contact the front tandem tyres when
articulating as severe damage can occur.
Right-hand levelling
- Use the circle shift hydraulic control lever to offset the circle
and drawbar slightly to the left of the frame.
- Rotate the circle and tilt the moldboard depending on the

amount of material to be moved.
- Position the moldboard angle according to the desired depth

of the cut. Deposit the windrow outside the left-hand tandem
wheels.
- Lean the front wheels to the left to overcome the side thrust.
- Articulate the frame to the right. If the drive wheels lose

traction, reduce the articulation angle. This will decrease the
cutting angle and side thrust allowing the drive wheels to
regain traction. Deposit the windrow between the tandem
wheels. Spread the windrow over the new surface until it is
smooth.
Left-hand levelling
- Use the circle shift hydraulic control lever to offset the circle
and drawbar slightly to the right of the frame.
- Rotate the circle and tilt the moldboard depending on the

amount of material to be moved.
- Position the moldboard angle according to the desired depth

of the cut. Deposit the windrow outside the right-hand
tandem wheels.
- Lean the front wheels to the right to overcome the side thrust.
- Articulate the frame to the left. If the drive wheels lose traction,
reduce the articulation angle. This will decrease the cutting
angle and side thrust allowing the drive wheels to regain
traction. Deposit the windrow between the tandem wheels.
Spread the windrow over the new surface until it is smooth.
Road construction
Right-hand `V' ditching
- Place a line of stakes to define where the ditch will be

constructed.
- Position the moldboard with the toe just outside the front right-
hand wheel and the moldboard heel just ahead of the left-
hand tandem wheels.
- Tilt the moldboard back and raise the heel to carry the
material inside the left-hand tandem wheels.
- Lean the front wheels left to counteract side thrust.
- Make the marking pass slowly.
- On a firm surface, keep the frame straight.
- If the surface is loose, articulate the frame to keep the drive
wheels on firm ground.
- Make the second pass with the front right-hand wheel on the
bottom of the first cut. Cut a 3 to 1 slope.
- A clean-up pass may be required as the windrow builds up on

the roadside. Side shift the circle towards the ditch. Carry
the material well inside the toe of the moldboard to prevent
spillage back into the ditch.
- Cut the ditch back slope by using the blade lift system to move
the moldboard to the right-hand side of the machine. Rotate
the circle counterclockwise and lower the left blade lift
cylinder while the circle is rotating.
- Centre the moldboard heel in front of the right-hand tandem

wheels. Drive the machine with the tandem wheels in the
ditch. Deposit the material in the ditch.
- When you have completed the back slope procedure, position

the moldboard to complete the clean-up pass. This spreads
the windrow created by the back slope and builds up the
road surface.
Repeat these procedures to cut the ditch on the other side
of the road.
High bank cutting

- Establish a level platform surface for machine operation.
- If the platform surface is hard, make a pass cutting into the

platform. This pass should slope slightly towards the bank to
stop the machine from sliding away while cutting into the
bank slope.
- Prepare the machine for cutting the bank slope by side shifting
the circle and moldboard as far as possible to the side of the
machine where you will be working.
- Rotate the circle and moldboard counterclockwise and lower

the left blade lift cylinder at the same time. See page 115.
- Lower or raise the circle shift cylinder to position the heel of

the moldboard at the bottom of the bank slope and aligned
with the inner edge of the tandem wheels.
- Move the machine slowly towards the bank. Check to see if
the moldboard is angled correctly before actually cutting into
the bank.
- While cutting the slope, ensure the tandem wheels are near
the base of the bank slope.
- The depth of cut or degree of slope required can be
accomplished easily by raising or lowering the moldboard,
tilting the moldboard, or leaning the front wheels.
- Keep the platform surface clean by moving the windrow after
each pass on the bank slope.
On the level platform surface, articulate the front frame towards
the bank slope and allow the front wheels to ride the bank slope
and position the moldboard as required. The tandem wheels
must be kept on the level platform surface.
Flat bottom ditching - Gravel roads
If no `V' ditch exists, see page 125 and cut a ditch to the
desired depth.
- The first step is to cut the ditch foreslope.
- With the frame straight, operate the machine with the right-
hand wheels riding at the bottom of the `V' ditch.
- Position the moldboard toe behind the front right-hand wheel,
and the heel outside and in front of the left-hand tandem
wheels.
- Tilt the moldboard forward.

- Lower the moldboard toe to the bottom of the ditch.
- Raise or lower the heel to the required ditch foreslope and
lean the front wheels to the left.
- Deposit the material onto the shoulder.
- Reposition the moldboard to cut a second `V' ditch closer to

the road and not as deep as the first `V' ditch cut. Deposit
the material onto the shoulder.
- Reposition the moldboard to make a clean-up pass for the

material built up on the road shoulder. Side shift the circle
towards the ditch. Carry the material well inside the toe of
the moldboard to prevent spillage back into the ditch.
- Spread the material to the centre of the road to create a

crown. See page 129.
- If the backslope is insufficient or if you are building a new

road, make a pass to cut the backslope. See page 125.
- To begin a flat bottom cut, operate the machine with its right-
hand side wheels riding in the first `V' ditch cut.
- Position the moldboard toe at the bottom of the ditch
backslope and the heel at the bottom of the ditch foreslope.

- Tilt and lower the moldboard for the required depth.
- Make a horizontal cut and lean the front wheels to the left.
- Reposition the moldboard to make a cleanup pass to spread

the windrow created by the flat bottom cut up onto the
shoulder. Spread this material and finish the final grade.
Crowning a road
Crowning a road is simply constructing a road surface so that

the centre of the road is higher than the road edge. This allows
water to drain into the ditches as quickly as possible. If the
crown is not built properly, water is trapped and breaks up the
road crust to produce potholes and washboards. The amount of
crown is the amount of slope on the road. For good drainage, a
road should have a crown of 8-13 mm for every 305 mm (1/3-
1/2 in. for every 12 in.) of width measured from the centre of the
road to the outside edge where the road meets the shoulder.
- After the ditches have been constructed, grade the excess

material to the centre of the road, creating a windrow.
- Position the moldboard parallel to the front axle.

- Drive the machine straight down the centre of the windrow,
keeping the moldboard high on the windrow to feather the
material to both sides of the machine.
- Construct the crown slope by tilting the moldboard forward

and position it between a 60 and 75 degree angle. Place the
transmission in a higher gear to increase your speed. Raise
the heel of the moldboard slightly to allow the material to be
feathered. Work both sides of the road constructing the
slope at the same time.
- When you reach the shoulders, align the heel of the

moldboard with the tandem wheels to compact the excess
material.
Cul-de-sac using articulation
- Start grading at the perimeter of the cul-de-sac in a circular

pattern and work the material towards the centre. Angle the
moldboard to deposit the material outside the tandem
wheels.
- Articulate the frame and lean the wheels in the direction you
are turning to increase steering control as you approach the
centre of the cul-de-sac.
- To begin the finished grade of the cul-de-sac, drive the

machine opposite to the direction you were previously
operating at the outside edge and form a windrow towards
the centre.
- Tilt the moldboard forward and move the windrow towards the
centre of the cul-de-sac.
- Check the slope as you grade the windrow towards the centre,
making the centre the highest point.
- When you have completed circling, grade the excess material

out the cul-de-sac entrance.
Finishing a gradual slope using

articulation
- If possible, it is best to start from the top of the slope and
finish your grading at the bottom.
- Work back and forth across the slope.
- Always extend the moldboard down slope.
- Articulate the machine.
- Lean the front wheels vertically and position the uphill front
wheel on the edge of the windrow created from the previous
pass. This provides stability and allows you to create an
even grade.
- Position the toe of the moldboard outside and behind the
uphill wheel so that the heel of the moldboard deposits the
material outside the downhill tandem wheels.
- When you have completed grading the slope, spread the

remaining material to make a smooth finished grade.
Road maintenance - Gravel roads
Check the road surface material. If it is dry, use water to

dampen it. This results in a better finished surface.
Washboard road surface or potholes need reshaping because
of the effects of weather and traffic. Reshaping involves cutting
and re-mixing aggregates and fines.
- Start at the edge of the shoulder and cut the material into a
windrow. Deposit the material towards the centre of the road
and outside the tandem wheels.
- Ensure that the circle is centred and the moldboard is angled

at 30 degrees to the frame centre line.
- Tilt the moldboard back for maximum cutting to remove the

ridges and potholes.
- Lean the front wheels towards the heel side of the moldboard
as you work towards the centre of the road.
- Repeat these procedures for the other side of the road
surface.
- In general, tilt the moldboard forward for spreading material
and back for ditching.
- Build the road surface by moving half the windrow towards the
shoulder. Feather the material over the road surface as you
check the crown and work towards the shoulder with each
pass.
- As you make a final pass at the edge of the shoulder, raise

the heel of the moldboard to feather the material and use
the tandem wheels to compact any remaining material.
Right-hand ditch clean-up
- Position the moldboard toe behind the front right-hand wheel.

- Lower the right-hand blade lift cylinder to position the
moldboard to the depth of the ditch.
- Move the left-hand blade lift cylinder to position the heel of the
moldboard. This delivers the material onto the foreslope
between the tandem wheels without cutting the foreslope.
- Lean the front wheels slightly left to counteract side thrust.
- For the next pass, reposition the moldboard as required to

move the material up the foreslope and onto the shoulder.
- On the next pass spread the material to finish the shoulder

grade.
Left-hand ditch clean-up
- Position the moldboard toe behind the front left-hand wheel.

- Lower the left-hand blade lift cylinder to position the
moldboard to the depth of the ditch.
- Move the right-hand blade lift cylinder to position the heel of
the moldboard. This delivers the material onto the foreslope
between the tandem wheels without cutting the foreslope.
- Lean the front wheels slightly right to counteract side thrust.
- For the next pass, reposition the moldboard as required to

move the material up the foreslope and onto the shoulder.
- On the next pass spread the material to finish the shoulder

grade.
Cleaning a wet ditch
- Remove the articulation lock pins before attempting to

articulate the machine. Install the articulation lock pins when
not using the articulation function.
- Articulate the machine so that the front wheels are in the ditch.
- Keep the tandem wheels on the shoulder to prevent wheel
slippage in the wet or soft material of the ditch.
- Side shift the circle and drawbar assembly towards the ditch.
- Tilt and angle the moldboard as required to move the material
out of the ditch and to deposit it between the tandem
wheels.
- For the next pass, straighten the frame, side shift the circle
and drawbar assembly and centre it under the frame.
Position and angle the moldboard as required to spread the
wet material over the shoulder.
Dragging a shoulder (right-hand side)
- Check the material you will be grading. If it is dry, use water to

dampen it. This results in a better finished surface.
- Position the right toe of the moldboard in line with the outer
edge of the front right-hand wheel.
- Angle the moldboard 30 to 45 degrees from the centre line of
the frame. Tilt the moldboard forward to drag the material,
not to cut it.
- Lean the front wheels to the left to counteract side trust.
- Deposit the material outside the left-hand tandem wheels onto
the edge of the road.
- On the next pass, collect the windrow from the edge of the
road and feather the material back onto the shoulder
surface. Remember to adjust the moldboard to create a
gentle slope towards the ditch.
- Ensure that you clean up the road surface before allowing

traffic to use the roadway.
Procedures and illustrations shown are for right-hand side
grading. For left-hand side grading, lean the front wheels and
position the moldboard opposite to the description and
illustrations shown.
Signalling diagram
If the operator's view is restricted because of, for example,
an obscuring load, a signal person must be used.
START STOP END

Both arms are extended horizontally with Right arm pointing upward with the Both hands are clasped
the palms facing forward palm facing forward at chest height
DANGER
MOVE FORWARD MOVE REARWARD (EMERGENCY
STOP)
Both arms bent with the palms turned
Both arms bent with the palms turned Both arms pointing
downward and the forearms slowly
upward and the forearms slowly moving upward with the palms
moving downward away from the body
toward the body several times facing forward
several times
OPERATE IN INDICATED OPERATE IN INDICATED HORIZONTAL

DIRECTION DIRECTION DISTANCE
The arm extended horizontally with the The arm extended horizontally with the
palm facing downward and the arm palm facing downward and the arm The hands indicate the
making small slow movements to the making small slow movements to the relevant distance
right left
Safety when servicing

This section deals with the safety rules which must be followed
when checking and servicing the machine. Volvo CE disclaims
all responsibility if other tools, lifting devices or working
methods are used that those described in this publication.
Further safety rules and warning texts are given within the
respective sections.
NOTE! Lifting with a jack must only be carried out by
trained personnel using methods described in the Service
Manual.
Service position
BEFORE you begin service work, the machine must be placed
on level ground and prepared as shown below
AFTER you have completed the service, any guard plates must
be reinstalled and all engine covers are to be closed and
locked.
1 Place the front wheels straight and upright. 6 Carefully depressurise the hydraulic system.
Attach a warning label to the steering wheel. Follow
Lower the moldboard and all attachments to
2 7 all local regulations concerning lock-out or tag-out
the ground. Do not apply down pressure.
procedures.
Place the transmission shifter in the Park (P) Turn the battery disconnect switch OFF and remove
3 8
position. the battery disconnect switch key.
Check that both articulation lock pins are
Block the wheels in a suitable way (with, for
4 installed (unless specified otherwise during 9
example, wedges).
servicing).
Shut down the engine. Remove and retain
5 10 Allow the machine to cool.
the ignition key.
Preventing environmental influence

Be conscious of the environment when carrying out service and
maintenance. Oil and other liquids dangerous to the
environment and released into the environment will cause
damage. Oil degrades very slowly in water and sediment. One
litre of oil can destroy millions of litres of drinking water.
NOTE! In common for all points below is that all waste is to
be handed over to a treatment and disposal firm approved
by the authorities.
When draining, oils and liquids must be collected in

suitable vessels and steps taken to avoid spillage.
Used filters must be drained of all liquid before they are
passed on as waste. Used filters from machines
which work in environments with asbestos or other
dangerous dust, must be placed in the bag supplied
with the new filter
Batteries contain substances dangerous to the
environment and health. Used batteries must
therefore be handled as waste dangerous to the
environment.
Consumables, e.g. used rags, gloves and bottles may also be

contaminated with oils and liquids dangerous to the
environment and must in that case be treated as waste
dangerous to the environment.
. Welding and electronic components
Before allowing a qualified service technician to weld on

the machine or any attachment, disconnect the following
items:
Refer to the Service Manual for specific welding procedures.
1 Battery ground connection by turning the battery disconnect

switch OFF.
2 Electronic control units (ECUs):
- Instrument ECU (I-ECU). Remove four screws and
instrument module. Disconnect three electrical
connectors.
- Engine ECU (E-ECU)
- Vehicle ECU (V-ECU)
Additional precautions:
Connect the welding unit ground cable as close as

possible to the work area.
Close the battery box cover.
After completing your welding procedure(s), disconnect

the welding unit ground cable.
Connect the following items:
1 Electronic control units (ECUs)
- Vehicle ECU (V-ECU)
- Engine ECU (E-ECU)
- Instrument ECU (I-ECU). Connect three electrical
connectors. Install instrument module and retain with
four screws.
2 Battery ground connection by turning the battery disconnect
switch ON.
Ensure the battery disconnect switch is the last item.
Service and maintenance

If the machine is to function satisfactorily and at lowest possible
cost, it requires careful maintenance.
Lubrication and service chart
The section "Lubrication and service chart" describes the
maintenance work which the operator a should carry out. If
certain operations require trained workshop personnel and
special equipment, this will be indicated. See pages 185 to 192.
Service history
After each completed service at a workshop authorised by
Volvo CE, the Service History should be filled in, see page 212.
The Service History is a valuable document, which can be
referred to when for example selling the machine.
Arrival and delivery inspections

Before the machine leaves the factory, it is tested and adjusted.
The dealer must also, if the warranty is to apply, carry out
arrival and delivery inspections according to the applicable
form, which must be signed.
Delivery instructions
When handing the machine over, the dealer must give the
buyer delivery instructions according to the applicable form,
which must be signed, if the warranty is to apply.
Service programmes
The Service Programme is to be used in connection with

warranty inspections and maintenance carried out by a
workshop authorised by Volvo CE.
The intervals recommended between checks, oil changes and
lubrication apply provided that the machine is used under
normal environmental and operating conditions.
Warranty inspection
Two warranty inspections should be carried out at a workshop
authorised by Volvo CE, the first at 100 operating hours and the
second at the latest at 1000 operating hours.
The carrying out of these warranty inspections is a condition for
the warranty to apply.
At these inspections there are, among other measures, oil and
fluid changes, which must be carried out before the ordinary
intervals.
Maintenance
Regarding intervals for other maintenance, see the Service
Programme or the Lubrication and Service chart in this chapter.
Condition test
Condition tests are carried out at a workshop authorised by
Volvo CE and provide information about the general condition
of the machine. The condition test is carried out as a
supplementary work to the service programme.
Cleaning the machine

The machine should be cleaned regularly with conventional car
care products in order to eliminate the risk of damage to the
paint finish and other surfaces on the machine.
IMPORTANT! Avoid using strong cleaning agents or
chemicals in order to minimise the risk of damage to the
paint finish.
NOTE! Daily clean the areas on the machine where dust,
chips and similar may collect in order to minimise the risk
of fire. See "Cleaning engine compartment" page 149.
NOTE! Keep all exterior and interior window surfaces clean
to ensure proper visibility. See "Doors and windows" page
67.
Recommendations for cleaning the machine
Place the machine in a place intended for cleaning.

Follow the instructions supplied with the car care
product.
The water temperature must not exceed 60 °C (140 °F).
If high-pressure wash is used, keep a distance of at least
20-30 cm (8-12 in) between nozzle and machine

surface. Excessive pressure and too short a distance
may cause damage. Protect electrical leads in an
appropriate way.
Use a soft sponge.
Finish by rinsing the whole machine with water only.
Always lubricate the machine after washing.
Touch-up the paint finish when required.
Paint finish maintenance
Machines which are used in corrosive environment

sustain more rusting than others. As a preventive
measure it is recommended that the paint finish
should be maintained every six months.
At first clean the machine.
Apply a thin layer of appropriate anti-rust agent.
A protective layer of appropriate underseal may be
applied under the mudguards where mechanical wear
is expected.
Touching up paint finish
Check if there are any damaged areas of the paint finish.

At first clean the machine.
Rectify any damage to the paint finish.
Cleaning engine compartment

Machines operating in dusty environment or environment
exposed to fire hazards e.g., wood-processing, woodchip
handling or grain handling and animal feed industries require
daily attention and cleaning of the engine compartment and
surrounding areas.
When operating in other environments, inspection and cleaning

is required at least once a week.
For areas that require to be checked and cleaned, see
illustration.
The engine must not be running when cleaning as rotating parts may cause injuries.
Loose material is removed with, for example, compressed air.
Cleaning should preferably be carried out at the end of the
working shift.
Begin with the highest areas and end with the lowest on top of
the fuel tank and areas near the fuel tank.
Use personal protective equipment such as protective goggles,
gloves and respirator.
After cleaning, check and rectify any leaks. Close all covers and
hoods.
Specifications
Recommended lubricants
The viscosity indications are according to SAE J 300 MAR93.
Other mineral oils can be used if they conform to our viscosity
recommendations and meet our quality requirements.
The approval of Volvo is required if any other oil base quality
(e.g. biologically degradable oil) is to be used.
Recommended viscosity at varying ambient temperatures

Oil grade °C -40 -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50
°F -40 -22 -4 +14 +32 +50 +68 +86 +104 +122
ENGINE Engine oil
VDS-3 or SAE 0W-30
ACEA-E5 plus VDS-2 or SAE 10W-30
ACEA-E7 plus VDS-2 or
SAE 15W-40
API CI-4 plus VDS-2 or
EO-N Prem. plus VDS-2
REAR AXLE
LOCK / UNLOCK
DIFFERENTIAL
Volvo WB 101
For trade names and oil
TANDEMS / requirements, page 197
OIL DISC
BRAKES
TRANSMISSION
Synthetic ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid)
For trade names and oil
requirements, page 197
HYDRAULIC ISO HVI 15

SYSTEM
Hydraulic oil ISO HVI 46
Premium quality HVI
ISO HVI 68
(High Viscosity Index)
Warm-up required in low temperatures, see page 81
MASTER CYL.
OIL DISC
Petroleum base fluid Shell Aeroshell Fluid 4
BRAKES
ALL GREASE
FITTINGS
Multi-purpose grease, NLGI EP0 or EP1
extreme pressure
NLGI EP2
lithium soap base
°C -40 -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50

°F -40 -22 -4 +14 +32 +50 +68 +86 +104 +122
Grease
General lubrication points

Grease with lithium base with EP additives and consistency
NLGI class 2.
Coolant
Only use Volvo Coolant VCS when filling and changing coolant.
Do not mix with other coolants or corrosion protection as this
may result in engine damage.
If using concentrated Volvo Coolant VCS and clean water, the
mixture should contain 40-60 % concentrated coolant and 60-
40 % clean water. The content of coolant must not be less than
40% of the total mixture, see table below.
Freeze protection down to Content of concentrated VCS
-25 °C (-13 °F) 40%
-30 °C (-22 °F) 46%
-38 °C (-36 °F) 54%
-46 °C (-51 °F) 60%
The concentrated Volvo Coolant VCS must not be mixed with

water that contains a high degree of lime (hard water), salt or
metals.
The clean water for the cooling system must also meet the
following requirements:
Description Value
Total number of solid particles < 340 ppm
Total hardness < 9.5 ° dH
Chloride < 40 ppm
Sulphate < 100 ppm
pH value 5.5-9
Silica < 20 mg SiO /litre
2
Iron < 0.10 mg Fe/litre
Manganese < 0.05 mg Mn/litre

Electrical conductivity < 500 S/cm
Organic content, COD-Mn < 15 mg/litre
If in doubt of the water's quality, use Volvo Coolant Ready
Mixed. Do not mix with other ready-mixed coolants as this may
result in engine damage.
Fuel
Quality requirements
The fuel should at least meet the legal requirements, and
national and international standards for marketed fuels, for
example: EN590 (with nationally adapted temperature
requirements), ASTM D 975 No 1D and 2D, BS 2896 Class A
2, ISO 8217 DMX.
The cetane number must not be below 49 according to EN 590
ISO 5165 (40 according to ASTM D 975 Grade No 1-D and 2-
D). If the cetane number is too low, it may cause starting
problems and white smoke development.
Sulphur content
According to legal requirements the sulphur content must not
exceed 0.3 percent by weight according to ISO 8754, EN
24260.
Biodiesel fuel
Vegetable oils and / or esters, also called "biodiesel", e.g.
rapeseed methyl ester (RME), are offered on some markets
both as a pure product and for mixing with diesel fuel.
Volvo CE accept max 5 % biodiesel fuel in the diesel fuel
ready-mixed from the oil companies.
More than 5 % blend of biodiesel fuel may, among other things,
result in:
- increased emission of nitric oxide (therefore does not meet
existing legislation requirements).
- shorter service life of engine and injection system.
- increased fuel consumption.
- altered engine power.
- halving of the interval between engine oil changes.
- shortened service life of rubber materials in the fuel system.
- impaired cold handling properties of the fuel.
- limited storage life of the fuel, which may lead to clogging of
the fuel system, if the machine has not been used over a
long period.
Warranty
The warranty does not apply to damage caused by a blend of
more than 5 % of biodiesel fuel.
Oil viscosities
Low ambient air temperature increases oil viscosity, which

causes additional loads on the starting circuit and increases
cranking duration before the engine will start.
All oils are seasonally adjusted at the factory. The actual factory
fills are identified on a temporary decal mounted on the lower
left-hand window.
Rear axle / tandem / oil disc brake oils
Oil grade Volvo WB 101

Requirements
Property Unit WB 101 Test method
Density kg/m2 To be stated ASTM D 1298
Flash point COC °C min. 180 ASTM D 92
Pour point °C min. -27 ASTM D 97
mm2/s
Viscosity @ 40 °C (104 °F) To be started ASTM D 445
(cSt)
mm2/s
min. 9.0 ASTM D 445
Viscosity @ 100 °C (212 °F) (cSt)
max. 12.5 DIN Draft 51350
Viscosity @ 100 °C (212 °F) after shearing 30 mm2/s

min. 8.8 CEC-L-14-A-78
cycles (cSt)
Viscosity @ 20 °C (68 °F) mPa/s max. 3500 ASTM D 2602
Rust protection 24 h No rust ASTM D 665A
ASTM STP-
API class GL-4
512A
Lubrizol /
Unizol
LZ 9990A
Additives Oronite OLOA
9725XV
Oronite OLOA
9727V
Solid particles code max. 18/13 ISO 4406
Listed on the next page are examples of oils that meet the
requirements for Volvo WB101 according to the table above.
However, local deviations may occur. Therefore, get in touch
with your dealer or local supplier of oil for information that the
requirements are met.
NOTE! It is very important that the oil contains the correct
additives to the required amount.
The oils listed below require particularly careful checking

regarding additives, as the oils are often marketed without
additives.
Examples of oils which meet the requirements according

to the table on the previous page.
Oil company Trade name
Q8 Q8 T2200
MOBIL MOBILFLUID 424
ESSO TORQUE FLUID 56
SOLENE INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANT SOLENE TRACTELF CH-5
STATOIL TRANSWAY WB
AGROL AGROL HYBRAN
ARAL ARAL FLUID HGS
TEXACO TEXACO TEXTRAN TDH PREMIUM
VALVOLINE VALVOLINE UNITRAC
ELF TRACTELF CH-5
OMV AS OMV AUSTROMATIC IGB
FINA TRANSFLUID JD, 10W-30

AVIA HYDROFLUID JD, 10W-30
CALTEX TEXTRAN TDH PREMIUM
DELTA SPECIAL UTTO 170
TOTAL TRANSMISSION MP
PANOLIN AG PANOLIN HMO 324
PETROBAS LUBRAX UNITRACTOR
The following oils are approved provided the oil contains
additive Lubrizol LZ9990A (also appears under the name
Unizol).
FUCHS FUCHS RENEGEAR HYDRA MC-ZF 20W/40
CASTROL CASTROL POWERTRANS
SHELL DONAX TD or FT/TD
BP BP TRACTRAN 9
BP HYDRAULIKÖLE TF-JD
ELF ELF TRACTELF BF12
Power transmission
Synthetic ATF (Automatic transmission fluid)

CHEVRON SYNTHETIC AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION FLUID - HEAVY DUTY
TEXACO SYNTHETIC ATF - HEAVY DUTY (NA and Europe)
CALTEX SYNTHETIC ATF - HEAVY DUTY (Asia)
Capacities
Capacities, litres (US gal) When changing
Engine incl. filter
G930 to G960 21.5 litres (5.7 US gal)
G970 to G990 37.8 litres (10 US gal)
Transmission incl. filter 60 litres (15.9 US gal)
Rear axle
G930 to G960 13.1 litres (3.5 US gal)
G970 to G990 23 litres (6 US gal)
Tandems (each)
G930 to G976 100 litres (26.4 US gal)
G990 105 litres (27.7 US gal)
Hydraulic oil tank
G930, G940, G960, G970 & G990 95 litres (25 US gal)
G946 & G976 144 litres (38 US gal)
Fuel tank
G930 318 litres (84 US gal)
Cooling system
G930 and G940 31 litres (8.2 US gal)
G946 and G960 34 litres (9 US gal)
Carry out checks according to Service Programmes for the machine, see page 147
Oil and fluid changes Hours

Engine 500
Coolant 60003
Transmission, at the same time clean magnetic drain plug and suction strainer 1000
Rear axle, at the same time clean magnetic drain plug 1000
Tandem 1500
Service brakes master cylinder fluid 2000
Hydraulic system (working hydraulics and steering system) 2000
Filter changes
Engine, oil filters 5004
Engine, air cleaner (primary filter) According to signal, max. 1 year
Engine, air cleaner (secondary filter) After 3 primary filters, max. 2 yrs.
Fuel filters 500
Fuel / water trap element 500
Fuel system, breather filter 2000
Oil-bath precleaner, filter inserts 2000
Transmission, oil filter 1000
Transmission, breather filter 2000
Tandem breather 1500
Hydraulic system, oil filter 2000
Hydraulic system, breather filter 2000
Cab, ventilation filter (prefilter) 1000
Cab, ventilation filter (main filter) 2000
Engine G930 to G960

Designations
Model G930 Volvo D7EGCE3
Model G940 Volvo D7EGBE3
Model G946 Volvo D7EGAE3
Model G960 Volvo D7EGAE3
Number of cylinders 6
Cylinder bore 108 mm (4.25 in.)
Stroke 130 mm (5.12 in.)
Cylinder capacity, total 7.2 litres (439 in.3)
Compression ratio 18:1
Valve clearance, cold engine inlet valve: 0 lash + 90 degrees
exhaust valve: 0 lash + 150 degrees
IEGR setting 180 degrees for M6 thread
144 degrees for M8 thread
Air cleaner Air cleaning in two steps
Primary cleaner - secondary cleaner
Oil-bath cleaner (optional equipment)
Lubrication system
Oil pressure, warm engine, high idle 450-500 kPa (4.5-5 bar) (65-72 psi)
Oil pressure, warm engine, low idle min. 80 kPa (0.8 bar) (11 psi)
Fuel system
Type Common rail
Feed pressure 590 kPa (5.9 bar) (85 psi)
Intercooler Air / air
Cooling system
Type Closed system
Thermostat begins to open at 86 °C (187 °F)
Thermostat fully open at 102 °C (216 °F)
Engine G970 to G990

Designations
Model G970 Volvo D9BGAE3
Model G976 Volvo D9BGBE3
Model G990 Volvo D9BGBE3
Number of cylinders 6
Cylinder bore 120 mm (4.76 in.)
Stroke 138 mm (5.51 in.)
Cylinder capacity, total 9.4 litres (573 in.3)
Compression ratio 18.84:1
Valve clearance, cold engine inlet valve: .20 mm (.008 in.)
exhaust valve: .70 mm (.027 in.)
IEGR setting 180 degrees for M6 thread
144 degrees for M8 thread
Air cleaner Air cleaning in two steps
Primary cleaner - secondary cleaner
Oil-bath cleaner (optional equipment)
Lubrication system
Oil pressure, warm engine, high idle 300-550 kPa (3-5.5 bar) (44-80 psi)
Oil pressure, warm engine, low idle 270 kPa (2.7 bar) (39 psi)
Fuel system
Type Electronic unit fuel injectors
Feed pressure Min. 300 kPa (3 bar) (43.5 psi)
Intercooler Air / air
Cooling system
Type Closed system
Thermostat begins to open at 86 °C (187 °F)
Thermostat fully open at 95 °C (203 °F)
Electrical system
System voltage 24 VDC
Batteries 2 (connected in series)
Ground connection Negative
Battery voltage 12 V
Battery capacity (standard)
G930, G940 and G960 2 x 96 A/h
Battery capacity (standard)
G946, G970, G976 and G990 2 x 117 A/h
Battery capacity (optional) 2 x 231 A/h

Battery cold cranking amps (standard)
G930, G940 and G960 660 CCA
Battery cold cranking amps (standard)
G946, G970, G976 and G990 950 CCA
Battery cold cranking amps (optional) 1300 CCA
Alternator (standard) 80 Amp
Rated output 2240 W
Alternator (optional) 100 Amp
Rated output 2800 W
Starter motor output (D7) 5.5 kW (7.4 hp)
Starter motor output (D9) 7 kW (9.4 hp)
Battery electrolyte density kg/dm3 (lb/in3)

Fully charged battery 1.280 (0.046)
The battery should be recharged at
a density of 1.250 (0.045)
Bulbs Watt Socket

Cab headlights, high beam 70 H3
Cab headlights, low beam 70 H7
Front headlights, high beam 70 H3
Front headlights, low beam 70 H7
Worklights 70 H3
Parking lights, front 4 BA 9s
Parking lights, rear 10 BA 15s
Stop lights 21 BA 15s
Direction indicators, front 21 BA 15s
Direction indicators, rear 21 BA 15s
Clearance lights, front 4 Bullet terminals
Clearance lights, rear 4 Bullet terminals
Rotating warning beacons 70 H1
Centre instrument panel (20 pcs) 1.2 W 2x4.6d
Cab (dome) main light 21 BA 15s
Cab (dome) spotlight 10 BA 15s
Relays
RE FUNCTION RE FUNCTION
1 Electronics components supply 13 Spare
2 Vehicle ECU (V-ECU) 14 Spare
3 Rear worklights and corner worklights 15 Front headlights
4 Wipers and washers / front / rear / lower 16 Back-up alarm
5 Cab headlights 17 Seat air suspension
6 Front worklights 18 Heated mirror / heated seat
7 Moldboard worklights 19 High / low beam front headlights
8 Auxiliary hydraulic valve 20 High / low beam cab headlights
9 Air conditioning 21 Brake booster motor
10 Instrument ECU (I-ECU) 22 Start control
11 Engine ECU (E-ECU) 23 24 / 12 converter
12 Defroster fan / air mix
P FUNCTION P FUNCTION
1 Service plug 6 Service plug
2 Service plug RF1 Flasher relay, direction indicators
3 Service plug IB Service connection (VCADS PRO)
4 Service plug PO3901 Remote 24 V electrical power source
5 Service plug
Fuses
FUSES IN THE ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION BOX (behind the operator's seat)
FU Rating FUNCTION FU Rating FUNCTION
1 5 Shifter / service tool / remote display 22 5 Alternator / HVAC & AWD sensors
Instrument ECU (I-ECE), Vehicle ECU
2 5 Blade lift accumulators / BCS 23 10
(V-ECU)
3 5 Switches / sensors 24 15 Instrument ECU (I-ECU)

4 15 Vehicle ECU (V-ECU) 25 15 Vehicle ECU (V-ECU)
5 7.5 Interior lights 26 5 Service Brake
6 15 Beacon lights 27 15 Horn, direction indicator flasher
7 7.5 Direction indicators 28 15 Front defroster fan and air mix control
8 15 Rear worklights 29 7.5 Front wiper / washer
9 7.5 Side worklights 30 15 Rear and lower wiper / washer
10 5 IEGR valve 31 10 Radio
11 5 Induction air preheat 32 7.5 Ignition switch
12 15 Engine ECU (E-ECU) 33 25 24 volt electrical power outlet
13 5 Front headlights - RH low 34 15 Cab headlights
14 5 Front headlights - LH low 35 5 LH marker lights
15 5 Front headlights - RH high 36 5 RH marker lights
16 7.5 Front worklights 37 10 Back-up lights / alarm
17 15 Moldboard worklights 38 5 Front headlights - LH high
18 15 Auxiliary hydraulics 39 15 Air seat
19 25 HVAC unit 40 10 Heated mirrors
20 5 Radio 41 5 Not used
21 5 Not used 42 20 Not used
MAIN FUSES AT THE BATTERY CONNECTION

FU A FUNCTION FU A FUNCTION
- 75 Cab feed - 125 Preheat
Power transmission
Transmission
Type Direct drive, fully sequential Volvo powershift transmission
Designation HTE840 (standard equipment on all G900 machines)
Number of gears 8 forward, 4 reverse
Designation HTE1160 (optional equipment on all G900 machines)
Number of gears 11 forward, 6 reverse
Gear shifting system Electro-hydraulic
Rear axle
Type Planetary final reduction with fully floating drive shafts
Designation APR70 (Models G930 to G960)
Differential lock Operator-controlled
Designation APR90 (Models G970 to G990)
Differential lock Operator-controlled
Tandem
Type Chain drive
Wheel rim bolts

Tightening torque All models, front and rear wheels: 644-712 N·m
(66-73 kgf·m) (475-525 lbf·ft)
Brakes / steering system

Brakes
Service brakes, type Dual circuit, fade resistant, all-hydraulic, wet multiple disc brake. The circuits are open
centre with a back-up electric motor and hydraulic pump.
The first circuit is connected to the brake master cylinder outlet port and the front right-hand / rear left-hand
brake assemblies.
The second circuit is connected to the brake master
cylinder outlet port and the rear right-hand / front left-
hand brake assemblies.
Number of internal clutch discs per side G930: 3
G940 - G960: 4
G970 - G990: 5
Number of external clutch discs per side G930: 4
G940 - G960: 5
G970 - G990: 6
Brake booster flow rate 15 L/min (4 US gpm)
Brake booster relief setting 9.9 MPa (99.9 bar) (1450 psi)
Parking brake
Type Wet multiple disc brake in rear axle, spring applied / hydraulically released
Number of internal clutch discs 5 - APR70 (Models G930 to G960)
Number of external clutch discs 6 - APR70 (Models G930 to G960)
Number of internal clutch discs 7 - APR90 (Models G970 to G990)
Number of external clutch discs 8 - APR90 (Models G970 to G990)
Steering system
Type Closed-centre, dynamic signal, load sensing
Number of steering wheel revolutions, total 6.2 lock-to-lock
Minimum turning radius - articulated G930 - G960: 7264 mm (286 in.)
G970 and G976: 7671 mm (302 in.)
G990: 7823 mm (308 in.)
Minimum turning radius - non-articulated G930 - G960: 9580 mm (377 in.)
G970 and G976: 9900 mm (390 in.)
G990: 10 090 mm (397 in.)
Main hydraulic oil pump

Type Axial piston pump, variable displacement
Maximum working pressure setting 10 MPa (103 bar) (1500 psi)
Maximum output pressure setting 22 MPa (224 bar) (3250 psi)
External load sense relief valve opening pressure 21 MPa (210 bar) (3050 psi)
Recommended air pressure

If tyres are used other than those stated, the tyre manufacturer's dealer should be contacted to obtain
information about the correct air pressure.
See page 182.
Bias ply tyre sizes Ply Maximum pressures Radial tyre sizes Maximum pressures
kPa 241 kPa 310
14.00 X 24 12 14.00R24
psi 35 psi 45
kPa 301 kPa 310
14.00 X 24 16 16.00R24
psi 45 psi 45
kPa 206 kPa 310
16.00 X 24 12 17.50R25
psi 30 psi 45
kPa 275 kPa 310
16.00 X 24 16 20.50R25
psi 40 psi 45
kPa 206
17.50 X 25 12
psi 30
kPa 172
20.50 X 25 12
psi 25
Tyres and models

Tyre Model
G930 G940 G946 G960 G970 G976 G990
Standard tyre 14.00 X 24 14.00 X 24 14.00 X 24 14.00 X 24 14.00 X 24 14.00 X 24 16.00 X 24
17.50 X 25
17.50 X 25
Optional tyres 16.00 X 24 20.50 X 25
16.00 X 24
20.50 X 25
Cab
General
The cab is mounted on four vibration damping rubber pads. The rubber pads reduce noise and vibrations. The
cab is insulated and has a flat floor with rubber mat.
Tested and approved as a protective cab and meets ROPS standards according to ISO
and SAE 1040-APR 88.
Tested and approved as a protective cab and meets FOPS standards according to ISO
and SAE J231 JAN 81 and for operator's seat belt requirements to ISO and SAE J386
NOV 97.
Cab interior fittings and upholstery Fire retardant (fire resistant) measured according to
ISO
Number of emergency exits The right-hand door opening can be used as the exit in case of an emergency.
Models equipped with a snow wing must be equipped with an emergency hammer located on the left-hand
ROPS post. It can be used to break the back and side window glass (impact hammer on window corners only)
in case of a rollover. An emergency hammer is available from Volvo CE as an option.
Heating and ventilation

The enclosed cab can be equipped with a heating and ventilation (HVAC) system with defrosting for all
windows and the best possible air distribution (10 HVAC outlets and 5 front defroster outlets). The optional
cab fan is a double blower wheel with sixteen speeds. Air conditioning and the front defroster are available as
optional equipment.
Operator's seat
Standard version
Height adjustment 51 mm (2.00 in.)
Suspension stroke 76 mm (2.99 in.)
Longitudinal adjustment 200 mm (7.87 in.)
Back-rest tilt adjustment 60° forward, 20° rearward
Armrest angle adjustment 110° upward from horizontal
Back-rest extension (optional equipment) 250 mm (9.84 in.)
Upholstery Fire resistant
Lap type seat belt with reel Yes
Air-suspended version
Height adjustment 76 mm (2.99 in.)

Suspension stroke 89 mm (3.50 in.)
Longitudinal adjustment 200 mm (7.87 in.)
Back-rest tilt adjustment 60° forward, 20° rearward
Armrest angle adjustment 110° upward from horizontal
Back-rest extension (optional equipment) 250 mm (9.84 in.)
Seat cushion adjustment 60 mm (2.36 in.)
Seat cushion angle 10° upward from horizontal
Upholstery Fire resistant
Lap type seat belt with reel Yes
Vibration and sound information

Whole-body vibrations
Whole-body vibration emissions on construction machinery are affected by a number of factors, such as the
working mode, ground conditions, speed, etc.
To a large extent, the operator can influence the actual vibration levels, because the operator controls the
speed of the machine, its working mode, the travel path, etc.
Therefore, the result can be a range of different vibration levels for the same type of machine. For cab
specifications, see page 207.
Guidelines for reducing vibration levels on earthmoving machines
· Use the proper type and size of machine with optional equipment and attachments for the application.
· Keep the terrain and haul roads in good condition.
- Remove any large rocks or obstacles.
- Fill any ditches and holes.
- Provide equipment and schedule time to maintain terrain conditions.
· Adjust the speed and travel path to minimise the vibration level.
- Drive around obstacles and rough terrain conditions.
- Reduce the speed when it is necessary to go over rough terrain.
· Maintain machines according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
- Tyre pressures.
- Brake and steering systems.
- Controls, hydraulic system and linkages.
· Keep the seat maintained and adjusted.
- Adjust the seat and its suspension according to the weight and size of the operator.
- Inspect and maintain the seat suspension and adjustment mechanisms.
- Use the seat belt and adjust it correctly.
· Steer, brake, accelerate, shift gears, and move the attachments smoothly.
· Minimise vibrations for long work cycle or long distance travelling.
- Use suspension systems if available.
- If no suspension system is available, reduce speed to prevent bouncing.
- Transport machines when there are long distances between worksites.
Back pain associated with whole-body vibrations may be caused by other risk factors.
The following guidelines can be effective to minimise risks of back pains:
- Adjust the seat and controls to achieve good posture.
- Adjust the mirrors to minimise twisted posture.
- Provide breaks to reduce long periods of sitting.

- Avoid jumping down from the machine.
- Minimise repeated handling and lifting of loads.
- Maintain reasonable weight and physical condition.
Sound information
Sound power level (LWA) around the machine See value on decal on the machine
Measuring is carried out according to 2000/14/EC
with applicable appendices and measuring method
according to ISO 6395.
Interior operator noise levels average 75 dB(A) per ISO (enclosed cab).
Hydraulic system
Type Load sensing, closed-centre, proportional demand flow
Implement and steering pump (main pump) Working hydraulics

Maximum pressure setting 20.7 MPa (207 bar) (3000 psi)
Standby pressure 2.4 MPa (24 bar) (350 psi)
Secondary steering pump Steering system

Maximum pressure setting 7 MPa (75 bar) (1078 psi)
Fan pump Engine cooling system

Maximum pressure setting 17.2 MPa (172.3 bar) (2500 psi)
All Wheel Drive (AWD) pumps (2) All Wheel Drive system
Maximum pressure setting 34 MPa (345 bar) (5000 psi)
Minimum pressure setting 3.4 MPa (34 bar) (500 psi)
Dimensional drawing
Dimensions are shown for machines with standard size tyres and ROPS cab.
Model
Dimension G930 G940 G946 G960 G970 G976 G990
3457 mm 3457 mm 3457 mm 3457 mm 3457 mm 3457 mm 3520 mm
H1 Overall height (full cab)
(136 in.) (136 in.) (136 in.) (136 in.) (136 in.) (136 in.) (139 in.)
3220 mm 3220 mm 3220 mm 3220 mm 3220 mm 3220 mm 3260 mm
H1 Overall height (LP cab)
(127 in.) (127 in.) (127 in.) (127 in.) (127 in.) (127 in.) (129 in.)
2602 mm 2602 mm 2602 mm 2602 mm 2602 mm 2602 mm 2666 mm
H1 Overall height (split cab)
(102 in.) (102 in.) (102 in.) (102 in.) (102 in.) (102 in.) (105 in.)
8972 mm 9253 mm 9253 mm 9253 mm 9578 mm 9578 mm 9800 mm
L1 Overall length
(353 in.) (364 in.) (364 in.) (364 in.) (377 in.) (377 in.) (386 in.)
6280 mm 6280 mm 6280 mm 6280 mm 6531 mm 6531 mm 6681 mm
L2 Wheelbase
(247 in.) (247 in.) (247 in.) (247 in.) (257 in.) (257 in.) (263 in.)
1380 mm 1507 mm 1507 mm 1507 mm 1600 mm 1600 mm 1600 mm
L3 Rear overhang
(54 in.) (59 in.) (59 in.) (59 in.) (63 in.) (63 in.) (63 in.)
1542 mm 1542 mm 1542 mm 1542 mm 1546 mm 1546 mm 1673 mm
L4 Tandem centre distance
(60.7 in.) (60.7 in.) (60.7 in.) (60.7 in.) (60.9 in.) (60.9 in.) (66 in.)
2616 mm 2591 mm 2591 mm 2591 mm 2718 mm 2718 mm 2870 mm
L5 Bladebase
(103 in.) (102 in.) (102 in.) (102 in.) (107 in.) (107 in.) (113 in.)
2537 mm 2537 mm 2537 mm 2537 mm 2657 mm 2657 mm 2809 mm
W1 Overall width (std. tyres)
(100 in.) (100 in.) (100 in.) (100 in.) (104 in.) (104 in.) (111 in.)
2076 mm 2076 mm 2076 mm 2076 mm 2239 mm 2239 mm 2340 mm
W2 Front track width
(82 in.) (82 in.) (82 in.) (82 in.) (88 in.) (88 in.) (92 in.)
2139 mm 2139 mm 2139 mm 2139 mm 2239 mm 2239 mm 2340 mm
W3 Rear track width
(84 in.) (84 in.) (84 in.) (84 in.) (88 in.) (88 in.) (92 in.)
3658 mm 3658 mm 3658 mm 3658 mm 4267 mm 4267 mm 4267 mm
W4 Blade length (standard)
(144 in.) (144 in.) (144 in.) (144 in.) (168 in.) (168 in.) (168 in.)
Machine weights
Base weight
Model Total weight On front wheels On rear wheels
15,554 kg 4,822 kg 10, 732 kg
G930
(34,291 lb) (10,631 lb) (23,660 lb)
15, 957kg 4,787 kg 11,170 kg
G940
(35,179 lb) (10,554 lb) (24,626 lb)
16,650 kg 4,998 kg 11, 652 kg
G946
(36,707 lb) (11,019 lb) (25,688 lb)
16,678 kg 4,990 kg 11,688 kg
G960
(36,769 lb) (11,001 lb) (25,768 lb)
17, 702 kg 5,563 kg 12,139 kg
G970
(39,026 lb) (12,264 lb) (26,762 lb)
19,251kg 6,728 kg 12,523 kg
G976
(42441 lb) (14,833 lb) (27,608 lb)
20,584 kg 6,381 kg 14, 203 kg
G990
(45380 lb) (14,068 lb) (31,312 lb)
Operating weight
Typically equipped operating weight:
Models G930 - G960: 17.5x25, 12 PR, G--2 tires on 14" rims &
14'x25"x7/8" moldboard and scarifier,
Models G970 - G976: 17.5x25, 12 PR, G--2 tires on 14" rims &
14'x29"x1" moldboard and scarifier, (G990) 20.5x25, 12 PR, G--
2 tires on 17" rims & 14'x29"x1" moldboard. All weights shown
also include full cab with ROPS, all operating fluids and 175 lb.
operator.
Model Total weight On front wheels On rear wheels
16,191 kg 5,019 kg 11,172 kg
G930
(35,695 lb) (11,065 lb) (24,630 lb)
16,569 kg 4,970 kg 11,598 kg
G940
(36,528 lb) (10,958 lb) (25,570 lb)
17,261 kg 5,178 kg 12,082 kg
G946
(38,053 lb) (11,416 lb) (26,637 lb)
17,289 kg 5,187 kg 12,102 kg
G960
(38,115 lb) (11,435 lb) (26,681 lb)
18,210 kg 5,645 kg 12,565 kg
G970
(40,147 lb) (12,446 lb) (27,701 lb)
18,758 kg 5,815 kg 12,943 kg
G976
(41,355 lb) (12,820 lb) (28,535 lb)
20,916 kg 6,484 kg 14,432 kg
G990
(46,112 lb) (14,295 lb) (31,817 lb)
Maximum allowable operating weight
Maximum allowable operating weights are the weights based
on approved attachments.
Model Total machine weight On front wheels On rear wheels
19,278 kg 7,575 kg 14,243 kg
G930
(42,500 lb) (16,700 lb) (31,400 lb)
21,319 kg 7,575 kg 14,243 kg
G940
(47,000 lb) (16,700 lb) (31,400 lb)
21,772 kg 7,575 kg 14,243 kg
G946
(48,000 lb) (16,700 lb) (31,400 lb)
21,863 kg 7,575 kg 14,288 kg
G960
(48,200 lb) (16,700 lb) (31,500 lb)
22,680 kg 8,391 kg 15,468 kg
G970
(50,000 lb) (18,500 lb) (34,100 lb)
23,360 kg 8,391 kg 15,876 kg

G976
(51,500 lb) (18,500 lb) (35,000 lb)
27,216 kg 8,391 kg 19,051 kg
G990
(60,000 lb) (18,500 lb) (42,000 lb)
NOTE! The weights shown for front and rear axles are the
maximum permitted.
In no case shall the combined weights of the axles exceed the
total weight for the machine.
Service history
Service 100 hours Type of service Signature and stamp
Date
Warranty inspection
Hours

Date
Hours Service and maintenance

Date
Warranty inspection
Hours
Service and maintenance

Date

Date
Date

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date
Date
Alphabetical index
Accidents 103
Air cleaner 157
Air conditioning (optional equipment) 177
Alarm texts 52
All Wheel Drive models 89
All Wheel Drive motors, greasing 175
All Wheel Drive 175
All Wheel Drive 8
All Wheel Drive, oil filters 175
Alternator 166
Arrival and delivery inspections 147
Attachments 104
Batteries 164
Batteries, charging 165
Batteries, rules 164
Battery disconnect switch 164
Before service read 138
Brake system 172
Brake system 7
Braking 94
Cab and frame 7
Cab 176
Cab 207
Cab, ventilation filters 176
Capacities 198
CE marking, EMC directive 9
Changing directions using inching pedal 85
Changing directions using the shuttle shift function 87
Changing gears 85
Cleaning a wet ditch 134
Cleaning the machine 148
installation 10
Compressor 178
Condenser 178
Condition test 147
Controls 57
Coolant 160
Coolant 194
Coolant, changing 161
Coolant, checking 161
Cooling system 160
Crowning a road 129
Cul-de-sac using articulation 130
Delivery instructions 147
Display unit 42
Dozer blade 108
Dragging a shoulder (right-hand side) 135
Electrical system 6

Engine oil filter(s), replacing 153
Engine oil, changing 152
Engine oil, checking 152
Engine 152
Engine 5
Engine, air cleaner 157
Equipment and attachments 8
ERROR 52
Finishing a gradual slope using articulation 131
Fire prevention 141
Flat bottom ditching - Gravel roads 127
FOPS and ROPS 7
Foreword 1
Front wheel lean 92
Fuel filters 154
Fuel system 154
Fuel system, air bleeding 155
Fuel tank 154
Fuel 194
Gear shifting using shuttle shifting and memory gears 87
Gear shifting using the inching pedal and memory gears 85
Gear shifting 83
General 103
Grease 194
Handling hazardous materials 143
High bank cutting 126
Hoses and fittings 175
Hydraulic system 7
Hydraulic system, changing oil 179
Hydraulic system, checking oil level 179
Hydraulic system, return oil filter 180
Identification numbers 2
Inflating tyres 182
INFO 52
Information and warning plates / decals 12
Intended use 5
Keyboard for the display unit 43
Left-hand ditch clean-up 133
Lubrication and service chart 147
Machine information 43
Machine Operating Temperature Range 5
Machine operator safety 77
Machine weights 211
Making a three point turn 110
Memory gear feature 85
Modifications 8
Left-hand side 116
Right-hand side 112
Moldboard 111
Oil viscosities 195
Oil-bath precleaner
Operator comfort 59
Operator duties 76
Other controls 74
Paint finish maintenance 148
Parking brake 174

Parking brake 95
Parking brake, checking 174
Parking 98
Pressure release 105
Primary filter, maintenance and replacement 157
Product plates 11
Radiator and coolers, cleaning 162
Radiators and coolers 160
Rear axle / tandem / oil disc brake oils 195
Rear axle / tandems 6
Rear axle oil level, checking 170
Rear axle 170
Rear axle, changing oil 170
Recommended air pressure 206
Recommended lubricants 193
Recovering / towing 99
Refrigerant (R134a) 177
Relays and fuses 167
Relays 202
Relieving pressure in hydraulic circuits on CE marked graders 180
Right-hand `V' ditching 125
Right-hand ditch clean-up 133
Ripper shank, removing 107
Ripper teeth, replacing 107
Ripper tooth shank positions 107
Ripper 107
Ripper 108
Road maintenance - Gravel roads 132
Running-in instructions 75
Safety regulations 1
Scarifier shank depth, adjusting 106
Scarifier teeth, replacing 106
Scarifier tooth angle, adjusting 106
Scarifier 106
Scarifier 108
Secondary filter 158
Secondary steering system
(optional equipment outside EU / EAA)
(standard equipment on model G990 and within EU / EAA) 93
Service brakes warning system, checking 172
Service brakes 94
Service brakes, changing master cylinder fluid 172
Service brakes, master cylinder fluid 172
Service brakes, testing 173
Service history 147
Service history 213
SERVICE INFO 52
Service points, G930, G940, G946 and G960 150
Service points, G970, G976 and G990 151
Service position 137
Service programmes 147
Setup, language and units 49
Signalling diagram 136
Starting engine 81
Starting from a complete stop 84
Starting out 84
Starting with booster batteries 165
Steering system 7
Steering using articulation 92
Steering 92
Stopping machine 97
Suction strainer 169

Tandem oil level, checking 171
Tandems 171
Tandems, changing oil 171
The USA Federal Clean Air Act 16
Touching up paint finish 148
Transmission oil level, checking 168
Transmission 168
Transmission, changing oil 168
Transmission, replacing oil filter 169
Transporting machine 101
Travelling and operating (working) on a public road 79
Turbocharger 156
Tyres 182
WARNING 52
Warranty inspection 147
Washer fluid reservoir, front and rear windows 159
Water trap 155
Welding and electronic components 139
Wheel bolts, check-tightening 182
Winter air intake covers
Working within dangerous areas 78
Subject Index
4-way hazard flasher switch 39
Accelerator pedal 58
Accidents 103
Accumulators 74
Adjusting heating and ventilation with air conditioning 67
Adjusting heating and ventilation without air conditioning 66
A-frame attachments lever 73
after fire 142
after long-term parking 98
After recovering / towing 100
Air cleaner 157
Air conditioner switch 21
Air conditioning 177
air distribution 65
air filter restriction 30
air intake covers 163
air pressure 206
Alarm texts 52
All Wheel Drive 8, 36, 175
All Wheel Drive activation switch 36
All Wheel Drive aggression switch 36
All Wheel Drive applications 89
All Wheel Drive charge pressure 32
All Wheel Drive models 89
All Wheel Drive motors, greasing 175
All Wheel Drive, oil filters 175
Alternator 166
Amber or blue rotating warning beacon switch 25
Applied parking brake 29
Armrest angle adjustment 63
Armrest fore / aft and height adjustment 60
Arrival and delivery inspections 147
Articulation indicator gauge 36
Articulation lever 72
Asbestos 176
Assistance 16
Attachments 104
attachments 8
attachments lever 73
Auto mode 38
Automatic mode 83
AUX1 34
Auxiliary hydraulic control 73
Auxiliary hydraulic controls 73
Auxiliary hydraulic enable switch 34
AWD Aggression 91
AWD aggression 91
axle 204
Back-rest extension adjustment 59

Back-rest tilt adjustment 61
bank cutting 126
Base weight 211
Batteries 145, 164
Batteries, charging 165
Batteries, rules 164
Battery charging 28
Battery connection 167
Battery disconnect switch 164
bearings 183
before operating 80
Before service 138
Belt tension, adjusting 166
Belt tension, checking 166
Biodiesel fuel 195
blade lift 69
Blade lift and circle side shift hydraulic accumulator switch 24
Blade lift lock pin switch 25
Blade lift lock status lamp 29
Brake adjustment 94
Brake system 172
Brakes 7
Braking 94
Bulbs 201
Buzzer 28
Cab 176, 207

Cab air distribution 65
Cab and frame 7
Cab headlights and parking lights switch 23
Cab, ventilation filters 176
Capacities 198
capacity and limits 1
Central warning 28
Changing directions using the inching pedal 85
Changing directions using the shuttle shift function 87
Changing display screen 42
Changing gears 85
Check after long-term parking 98
Circle shift lever 70

Circle system accumulators 74
Circle turn lever 70
Clean Air Act 16
Cleaning a wet ditch 134
Cleaning engine compartment 149
Cleaning the machine 148
Climate control system 65
Cold weather start-up, transmission and hydraulic systems 82
Compressor 178
Condenser 178
Condition test 147
console instrument panel 20
Control lever for mid-mounted scarifier or ripper 71
Control lever for scarifier, ripper or windrow eliminator 71
Coolant 160, 194
Coolant, changing 161
Coolant, checking 161
coolers 160
Cooling system 160, 199
covers 163
Creep mode 91
Crowning a road 129
Cul-de-sac 130
Cul-de-sac using articulation 130
Cushion fore / aft adjustment 62
Cushion tilt adjustment 63
Customer Assistance 16
decals 12
Declaration of Conformity 9
Delivery instructions 147
Differential lock / unlock switch 39
Differential lock status 31
Direction indicator 30
Direction indicators / high beams / horn switch lever 33
disconnect switch 164
Disconnecting battery 166
Display unit 32, 42
Doors and windows 67
Dozer blade 108
Dragging a shoulder 135
Dragging a shoulder (right-hand side) 135
Draining 152
Electric welding 167

Electrical system 6, 34, 201
electromagnetic interference 10
EMC directive 9
Emergency braking 95
emisting all windows 67
Engine 5
Engine air filter restriction 30
Engine coolant temperature 32
Engine mode, speed / power switch 37

Engine oil filter(s), replacing 153
Engine oil pressure 32
Engine oil, changing 152
Engine oil, checking 152
Engine, air cleaner 157
Equipment and attachments 8
ERROR 52
EU EMC Directive 9
Extra moldboard worklights and parking lights switch 23
Filling 153
Filter bypass warning 30
Final drive/tandems 6
Finishing a gradual slope using articulation 131
Fire prevention 141
First aid measures 177
fluoro-carbon rubber 144
Foreword 1
frame 7
Front wheel lean 92
Front wheel lean lever 71
Front worklights and parking lights switch 23
Front-mounted attachments lever 73
Fuel 194
Fuel filters 154
fuel hoses 18
Fuel level 32
Fuel Recommendations 18
Fuel System 18
Fuel system 154, 199
Fuel system, air bleeding 155
fuel tank 18
Fuses 203
fuses 167
Fuses and relays 40
G930 5
G940 5
G946 5
G960 5
G970 6
G976 6
G990 6
Gear shifting 83
Gear shifting using shuttle shifting and memory gears 87
Gear shifting using the inching pedal and memory gears 85
Gravel roads 132
Grease 194
hazardous materials 143

headlights and parking lights switch 23
Heated mirrors switch 25

heater / air conditioner temperature control switch 21
Heater/air conditioner fan speed switch 21
Heater/air conditioner temperature control 21
heating and ventilation without air conditioning 66
heel 111
Height / weight adjustment 60
Height / weight adjustment (mechanical version only) 62
High bank cutting 126
High beam 30, 33
High hydraulic oil temperature 29
Hold mode 38
Horn 33
Hydraulic control levers 68
Hydraulic oil cooler 163
hydraulic oil temperature 29
Hydraulic snow wing pitch adjustment 136
Hydraulic system 7, 179, 209
Hydraulic system, changing oil 179
Hydraulic system, checking oil level 179
Hydraulic system, return oil filter 180
Ignition switch 22
in case of fire 142
Inching pedal 58
Inflating tyres 182
Information and warning plates 12
inishing a gradual slope using articulation 131
inspection 147
Instrument panels 19
Intended use 5
Interior (dome) light 74
Keyboard for display unit 34

Keyboard for the display unit 43
Lap type seat belt, checking and maintenance 63

Lashing 101
leakage 177
lectrical system 164
Left-hand and right-hand blade lift 69
Left-hand ditch clean-up 133
Left-hand or right-hand upper corner cab worklights and parking lights switch 24
Lifting 102
Long-term parking 98
Low hydraulic oil level 31
Low transmission oil pressure 29
lubricants 193
Lubrication 147
Lubrication and service chart 185
Lubrication system 199
Lumbar adjustment 60
Machine information 43
Machine operator safety 77
Machine weights 211

Main hydraulic oil pump 205
maintenance 147
Maintenance Program 17
Manual mode 83
Manufacturer 2
Maximum allowable operating weight 212
Memory gear feature 85
Memory gear feature - All Wheel Drive models 89
Mobile telephones 10
Modifications 8
Moldboard 111
Moldboard angle 111
Moldboard blade lift procedure 112
Moldboard blade lift procedure - Left-hand side 116
Moldboard blade lift procedure - Right-hand side 112
Moldboard heel 111
Moldboard slide shift lever 69
Moldboard tilt leve 72
Moldboard tilt lever 72
Moldboard toe 111
Moldboard worklights and parking lights switch 23
Non-Road Engine Maintenance 17

Non-Road Engine Use 17
nstrument lighting 20
Numbers, Identification 2
Oil viscosities 195

Oil-bath precleaner 159
Operating techniques 103
Operating Temperature Range 5
Operating weight 211
Operator duties 76
Operator seat and seat belt 59
Operator's seat 207
Other controls 57, 74
Paint finish maintenance 148

Parking 98
Parking brake 7, 95, 174, 205
parking brake 29, 58
Parking brake, checking 174
Parking brake, mechanical release 99
Pedestal tilt pedal 64
plates 11
Plates and decals 11
Preheating (amber 31
Pressure release 105
Preventative Maintenance Program 17
Preventing machine damage 138
Preventing personal injury 138
Primary filter 157
Primary filter, maintenance and replacement 157
Primary steering system 30
product identification number 2

Product plates 11
Radiator 162
Radiator and coolers, cleaning 162
Radiators and coolers 160
Radio or radio / CD player 74
Radio/tape player 74
rapid cooling 67
Rear axle 170, 204
Rear axle oil level, checking 170
Rear axle, changing oil 170
Rear worklights and parking lights switch 24
Recommended lubricants 193
Recovering 99, 100
Refrigerant 144
Refrigerant (R134a) 177
Relays 202
Relays and fuses 167
Relieving pressure in hydraulic circuits on CE marked graders 180
Remote 12 V electrical power source 41
Remote 24 V electrical power source 41
Replacing primary filter 157
Resume 38
Right-hand `V' ditching 125
Right-hand ditch clean-up 133
Ripper 107, 108
Ripper shank removal 107
Ripper shank, removing 107
Ripper teeth, replacing 107
Ripper tooth angle adjustment 107
Ripper tooth shank positions 107
ROPS 7
rules when operating 76
Running-in instructions 75
Safety regulations 1
Scarifier 106, 108
Scarifier shank depth adjustment 106
Scarifier shank depth, adjusting 106
Scarifier teeth 106
Scarifier teeth, replacing 106
Scarifier tooth angle adjustment 106
seat 207
Seat belt 31
seat belt 59
Seat fore / aft adjustment 62
Seat fore / aft isolator lockout 61
Secondary filter 158
Secondary steering 31
Secondary steering system 93
secondary steering system 93
Secondary steering system test switch 24
Service and maintenance 147

Service brake pedal 58
Service brake warning 29
Service brakes 94
Service brakes warning system, checking 172
Service brakes, changing master cylinder fluid 172
Service brakes, master cylinder fluid 172
Service brakes, testing 173
service chart 147
service chart, G930 to G960 185
service chart, G970 to G990 189
Service connection 41
Service history 147, 213
SERVICE INFO 52
Service meter 34, 74
Service Performed By Your Local Dealer 17
Service points 150
Service position 137
Service programmes 147
servicing 137
Setup, date / time 49
Setup, language and units 49
shifting 83
Signalling 136
Sound information 208
Specifications 193
Starting engine 81
Starting engine in cold weather 81
Starting from a complete stop 84
Starting out 84
Starting with booster batteries 165
Steering 7, 92
Steering system 205
steering system 205
Steering using articulation 92
Steering wheel 58
Steering wheel tilt lever 64
Stopping machine 97
Stopping the machine 97, 98, 99, 101
Suction strainer 169
Sulphur content 195
Synthetic ATF (Automatic transmission fluid) 197
System deactivation 90
System operation 90
Tandem 204
Tandem oil level, checking 171
Tandems 171
Tandems, changing oil 171
Temperature Range 5
three point turn 110
Throttle control, increase / decrease / resume switch 38
Throttle mode, auto / hold switch 38
To stop the grader 97, 98, 99, 101
toe 111
Touching up paint finish 148
Towing 100
towing 99
Traction and steering control 89
Transmission 6, 168
transmission 6, 204
Transmission mode, travel / manual / auto switch 36
Transmission modes 83
Transmission oil level, checking 168
transmission oil pressure 29
Transmission shifter / parking brake 58
Transmission, changing oil 168
Transmission, replacing oil filter 169
Transporting 101
Travel mode 83
Travelling and operating (working) on a public road 79
Trip information reset 48
Turbocharger 156
turbocharger 18
Turning around 109
Tyres 182, 206
UX2 35
Variable damping contro 61

ventilation 207
ventilation without air conditioning 66
VHP (Variable Horsepower) 6
Vibration and sound 208
Warning display 42
warning plates 12
Washer fluid reservoir, front and rear windows 159
Water trap 155
Welding and electronic components 139
wet ditch 134
Wheel bolts, check-tightening 182
Wheel lean 92
Wheel rim bolts 204
windows 67
windshield wiper / washer switch 22
Winter air intake covers 163
Working in confined areas 78
Working near danger areas 78
Working within dangerous areas 78
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Manual Mantenimiento G930 - 940 - 946 - 960 (Ingle Üs)

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Table of Contents Página 1 de 219

Get to know the capacity and limits of your machine!

Electrical system 201

G930, G940, G946, G960

G970, G976, G990

Rear axle / tandems

Hydraulically actuated, oil disc service brakes are located at the

Cab and frame

FOPS and ROPS

feathering type located on a fully adjustable steering pedestal.

All Wheel Drive

Equipment and attachments

CE marking, EMC directive

Protection against electromagnetic interference

The aerial placement must be chosen to give good

Remember to keep interfering cables and those which may

suffer from interference apart. Interfering cables are the power

1 Engine 5 Product plate for TUV (Germany)

Information and warning plates / decals

2 WARNING! Jumper cables alert. Read

1 WARNING! Rotating components, hot surfaces, high

10 Windshield washer fluid fill point. Read

12 WARNING! Pressurised accumulators.

11 WARNING! Crush zone. Keep clear of moldboard. Read Operator's Manual.

14 WARNING! Reversing machine. Keep

17 Transmission oil fill point. Read

21 Tandem oil fill point. Read Operator's

23 Lubrication chart. Read Operator's

25 Sound power level outside the machine

26 Volvo coolant (VCS). Read Operator's

27 WARNING! Rotating components. Keep clear.

The USA Federal Clean Air Act

The following act and the causing thereof are prohibited:

The law provides a penalty of up to $2,500 for each violation.

An example of a prohibited modification is the recalibration of

You should not make a change to an EPA-certified non-road

engine configuration certified to meet the Federal Standards.

Normal Non-Road Engine Use

Non-Road Engine Maintenance

Volvo recommends that the purchaser use the service program

In order to document that the proper regular maintenance has

Service Performed By Your Local Dealer

For regular scheduled service or maintenance, it is advisable to

Preventative Maintenance Program

Engine working conditions and ambient temperature influence

In cold weather conditions, below 32 °F (0 °C), the use of lighter

To avoid excessive deposit formation and to minimize the

Visually check unions and hose connections.

Check the conditions of the fuel hoses for:

Check the condition of the fuel tank:

Drain water condensation.

Check the turbocharger:

Visually check for leaks in the intake hoses and exhaust

Side console instrument panel

1 Rheostat, instrument lighting 15 Rear worklights and parking lights switch

1 Rheostat, instrument lighting

Knob turned to the right (clockwise) = Increased light intensity.