English SPEAKING The Speech Mechanism Model Most likely, to produce sounds, one must open, his/her mouth. Logically, the speech mechanist works when certain parts of the upper regior touch certain parts of the lower region—like i pronouncing “P’ where our upper lip touche: the lower lip (bilabial). This is true especially in producing consonant sounds, but in producin Back of vowel sounds, the mouth is always open (A, E, |, thetongve OQ, U). Prarynx nigiotis Segmentals ae The Family of Consonant Sounds Consonant sounds can be classified according \Ssortenss to three dimensions: the place of articulatioy (where the sound is made), the manner \ articulation (how the sound is made), and the eines voicing (voiceless or voiced). _ Sofipalate Darsum ofthe tongue Manner of Articulation Stops/Plosives These are sounds produced when the air stream is blocked completely before it is abruptly released. The sounds P,, K, B, D, and G are the members of this family, Fricatives These are sounds produced when the air stream is compressed and passes through a small opening creating friction. The sounds F, V, S, Z, H, TH (voiced) and (voiceless), Sh, Zh, are the. members of this group. Affricates These are sounds produced when a plosive is followed by a fricative. Ts (Ch) and Dz (J) are the. members of this group. Nasals Nasal sounds are produced when the oral cavity is blocked, and so the ait passes through the. nose. N, M, and Ng are nasal sounds. Liquid/Lateral Sounds are produced when air stream moves around the tongue in an unobstructed manner. Sounds like L and R are examples. Glides Glides are sounds that are close to vowel sounds, like W and Y. Points of Articulation Bilabial ~ two lips touching each other Labio Dental ~ lower lip touches the upper teeth OX ————S— LY)nih TS AREA: Grammar TOPIC: Subjunctive Mood SUBJUNCTIVE ~ Verbs are in the subjunctive mood when they express conditions that are not factual. + The subjective mood is also used in expressing (1) wishes, (2) hypothetical situations, (3) pieces of advice, and (4) commands or demands. + Inthe third person, the inflections /s/ or /es/ must be dropped (the verb must be in its base form). On the other hand, the verb “to be” must be “were” regardless of the number of subjects | EXAMPLES fl were you, | would consider running for public office. Mx Padilla wishes he were taller. 7 2 3, Itis necessary that he sign the waiver. 4. Itis recommended that we prepare emergency kits in our houses. | Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow. Annabel Lee twas many and manya year ago, Ina kingdom | The angels.not halfse happy in Heaven by the sea, Went envying her and me— That a maiden there lived whom you may | Yes!—that was the reason (as all men know, know In this kingdom by the sea) By the name of Annabel Lee; i ‘And this maiden she lived with no other | pight, thought Chilling and killina my Annabel Lee, Than to love and be loved by me. But our love it was stronger by far than the Iwas a child and she was a child, In this | love kingdom by the sea Of those who were older than we— Of many But we loved with a love that was more than | far wiser than we— love And neither the angels in Heaven above Nor land my Annabel Lee— the demons down under the sea Can ever With a love that the winged seraphs of Heaven | dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Coveted her and me. | Annabel Lee; supoonht, For_the moon never beams. without And this was the reason that, long ago, In this | bringing me dreams kingdom by the sea, Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling My | And the stars never rise, but | feel the bright beautiful Annabel Lee; eyes So that her highborn kinsmen came And bore | Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; her away from me, And so, all the night-tide, | lie down bythe side t To shut her up ina sepulchre _ @ way’ Of my darling—my darling—my life and my In this kingdom by the sea. ya bride, In her sepulchre there by the sea— in her tomb by the sounding sea ; ——_—s 0 weDhondt s ——————— Power of a Quotient For any real numbers a and b with b #0 and for any integer n, ( Dividing Polynomials by a Binomial Using Long Di 1. Rewrite the operation in long division form with terms in the dividend and divisor jp descending order. Remember toinsert a 0 for every missing exponentiin the dividend. 2. Divide the first term of the dividend by the first term of the divisor. The result is the first | term of the quotient and is written above the term of the dividend with the same exponent | 3. Multiply the first term of the quotient by the terms in the divisor. Place the products unde, the terms of the dividend having the same exponent. 4. Subtract the product from the dividend then bring down the next term. 5, Divide the difference taken from step 4 by the first term of the divisor. Repeat the steps beginning with step 2 until the resulting difference is no longer divisible by the first term of the divisor. Hence, this nondivisible term (ifthere is any) is considered as the remainder. Examples: ax-5 Fx + 3)28x?- 23x - 15 2x2 + 12x Sx -15 - 35x -15 0 Thus, the quotient is 4x -5. 2x -10 2x + 7)Ax2- 6x + 8 ax? + 14x —ar—- - 20x - 70 8 Thus, the quotient is 2x - 10 + ma : LINEAR EQUATIONS A linear equation in one variable is any equation that can be written in the form: actb~e where xis the variable, and a, 6, and c are real numbers, with a #0. Take note that the exponent of the variable x is 1. This is why a linear equation is also called a first degree equation. 64Filipino = 6. Paglilipat-diin - Naiiba ang bigkas dahil sa paglilipat-diin. MgaHalimbawa: — panday-+-an= pandayan linis+an = linasan luto + in=lutuin sanay+an = sanayan KAYARIAN NG SALITA. 1. Payak ~ Mga halimbawa: saya, sama 2. Reduplikasyon o Inuulit Mga halimbawa: —_sino-sina, ilan-ilan (Ganap) iisa, kabi-kabila (Parsyal) magaling - galing (kumbinasyong Ganap at Parsyal) 3. Maylapi - Mga halimbawa: masaya, umasa , kalakesan 4. Tambalan— Mea halimbawa: taong-bundok, panhik-panaog (tambalang di-ganap) hampaslupa, basag-ulo (tambalang ganap) PAGBUO O PAGPAPALAWAK NG MGA SALITA Paglalapi - pinagande, matalino, karamay e Pag-uulit b © gabi-gabi, ulit-ulit (ganap) © bali-balita, uulitin (parsyal) © maayos-ayos, paulit-ulit, kapasa-pasa (ganap at parsyal) + Pagtatambal o tambalang salita— akyat-bahay, kapit-tuko, silid-aklatan ® Paglikha (neolihismo) ~ punlay {punla ng buhay), lagusnilad (lagusan sa Maynilad), balarila (bala ng dila), panitikan (pang-titik-an), bahagdan (bahagi ng sandaan) Panghihiram o Pang-aangkin - kabayo (caballo), kutsara (cuchara), bakuna (vacuna) Pagdaragdag 0 Pagtatakda ng kahulugan © rendezvous - tipanan © coupdetat - kudeta Pagsasaling Idyomatiko ~ bread and butter - hanap-buhay ¢ Paggamit ng Salitang Balbal, Kolokyal 0 lespu- pulis © magana (maganggane - Pangasinan) - maganda ¢ Paggamit ng Salitang Diyalektal - kalamunding (Batangas) - kalamansi Pagpapares nang Magkasama - langit-lupa, kape't gatas MGA BAHAGI NG PANALITA SA FILIPINO 1. MGA SALITANG PANGNILALAMAN (Content Words) ‘A. MGANOMINAL a. Pangngalan (Noun) b. Panghalip (Pronoun)TTT FIN PINO B, Pandiwa (Verb) Mga Panuring a. Mga Pang-uri (Adjective) b. Pang-abay (Adverb) 2, MGA SALITANG PANGKAYARIAN (Function Words) (A, MGA PANG-UGNAY a. Pangatnig b. Pang-engkop ¢ Pang-ukol B. MGA PANANDA a. Pantukoy b. Pangawing na “ay ANG PANGNGALAN Mga Uring Pangngalan 1. Ayon sa Uring Pansemantika Pantangj - Jose Dela Cruz, Purefoods, EDSA Revolution Pambalana - guro, prutas, gobyerno 2. Ayon sa Konsepto Tahas - mga bagay na nakikite, nazamoy, nahahawakan at naririnig tulad ng gusali Basal - tumutukoy sa mga bagay na abstrak tulad ng wika, kabutihan, pangarap Palansak - buwig, tangkas Kaukulan ng Pangngalan Palagyo - kung ang pangngalan ay tumatayong simuno ng pangungusap. Hal. Ang mag-aaral ay mahusay. Paari- kung ang pangngalan ay nagpapakita ng pagmamay-ari Hal, Ang bahay ni Gng. Cruz ay maganda at maaliwalas Palayon ~ kung ang pangngalan ay layon ng pandiwa. Hal. Si Sarah ay kumanta para sa mgapanauhin. ‘ANG PANGHALIP Mga Uri ® Panao ~ ako tayo kami . * Pamatlig - hayun * Patulad — ganito, ganoon * Panaklaw ~ madla,alinman * Pananong- ano, sino . Pamanggit - daw, raw 111Fil 5. Haptics (Pandama o paghawak) 6. Paralanguage (pamamaraan ng pagbigkas) 7. Vocalics (mga di lingguwistikong tunog) 8. Chronemics (Oras) 9. Olfactorics o Olfactory (Pang amoy} 10. Colorics (Kulay) 11. lconics (simbolo) 12. Objectics(bagay} 13. Pananahimik MGA URI NG KOMUNIKASYON AYON SA INTENSYON Tagumpay naKomunikasyon~ Maayosnanaipadala at nabigyang kahulugan ang mensahe, © Miskomunikasyon - Intensyonal na naipadala ang mensahe subalit nagkaroonng suliranin 5a pagkaunawa 0 interpretasyon. © Aksidentalna Komunikasyon - Hindi intensyong naipadala ng senderang mensahe subalit nabigyang interpretasyon ayon sa nararamdaman nito. © Tinangkang Komunikasyon ~ Intensyonal ang pagpapadala ng mensahe subalit hindi nabigyang kahulugan ng tagatanggep. Walang Tangkang Komunikasyon - Hindi intensyonal na naipadala ang mensahe at nabigyan ito ng di wastong kahulugan. | MGA MAKRONG KASANAYAN 1. PAKIKINIG Proseso ng Pakikinig Resepsyon ~ Rekognisyon - Interpretasyon ng Mensahe ~ Pagtugon Mga Uri ng Pakikinig 1. Marginal/Pasibo - Pakikinig na di gaanong nabibigyang pansin dahil sa ibang gawaing isinasakatuparan. 2. Atentibo ~ Pakikinig nang taimtim, puno ng konsentrasyon, at inuunawang mabuti ang mensaheng pinakikinggan. 3. Analitikal - Tinatawag ding pahusgang pakininig, ito ay may layuning magbigay reaksyon, magtaya, 0 mag-ebalweyt. 4. Kritikal 0 Mapanuri - Ito ay mapanuring pakikinig, kinukuha ang mensahe, pagpapahalagang moral at pinupune ang pagkakatulad at pagkakaiba ng anumang pinakikinggan. 5. Apresyatibo - Ito ay pakikinig ayon sa sariling kapasyahan, Halimbawa nito ay ang pakikinig sa musika. Mm 118i . i Filipino Mga Uri ng Di Mabuting Tagapakinig 1 Pecudolistener Ang tagapakinig ay nagkukunwari lamang na nakikinig. Hallmabawa: un 1g nakatingin sa kausap, ngingiti-ngiti o tatango-tango subalit wala sa sinasabi ng kausap ang totoong iniisip nito. 2, Selective Listener - tagapakinig na namimili lamang ng kung ano ang nais pakinggan 3. Ambusher - tagapakinig na laging nakatuon sa magiging pagkakamali ng nagsasalita upang siraanito 4, Defensive Listener — Ang tagapakinig ay aging nagcisip na siya ang pinariringgan ng nagsasalita. ig ay laging nag-iisip na siya ang pl 5. Insensitive — Ang tagapakinig ay manhid 0 walang pakialam. PAGBASA © Ito ay ang pagkilala at pagkuha ng mga ideya at kaisipan sa mga sagisag na nakalimbag upang mabigkas nang pasalita (Austero et al, 1999). @ Ayon kay Goodman, ito ay isang psycholinguistic guessing game (Badayos, 2000). Hakbang ng Pagbasa (William Gray) Persepsyon — pagkilala sa maa simbolong nakalimbag Komprehensyon — pag-unawa sa tekstong binabasa Reaksyon - panghuhusga sa teksto ayon katumpakan, kahusayan, athalaga Asimilasyon ~ pagsasanib ng bago at dating kealaman sa teksto ng mambabasa Antas ng Pagbasa © Primarya/Literal - Ito ang pinakamababang antas ng pagbasa. Mapagsiyasat/Inspeksyonal - mapanuring pagbabasa © Analitikal — ginagamit ang kritikal na pag-lisip upang malalimang maunawaan ang kahulugan ng teksto at ang layunin o pananaw ng manunulat © Sintopikal - pinakamataas na antas ng pagbasa Uring Pagbasa Ayon sa Layunin Scanning - Mabiisang pagbase v8 anglayunin ay makahanap ng tyakraimpormasyon Skimming — Mabilisang pagbasa na ang ang layunin ay makuha ang buong Kalsipan ng teksto © Kaswal ~ Ang pinakalayunin ng ganitong uri ng pagbasa ay upang maaliw 0 malibang Mga Teorya sa Pagbasa 1. Teoryang Bottom-Up © tradisyunal na pananaw ng pagbasa, bunga ng teoryang Behaviorist ———S _—i ———— TR Anyong Patula © Tulang Liriko Pastoral ~ naglalarawan ng tunay na buhay sa kabundukan Dalit - awit na nagpupuri sa Diyos o Mahal naBirhen Oda ~ nagpapahayag ng papuri o masiglang damdamin ukol sa isang paksa Pasyon ~ naglalarawan ng pasakit at pagdurusa ni Hesus Elihiya ~ tula tungkol sa patay Soneto ~ binubuo ng 14na taludtod Kanta - tungkol sa pag-ibig, pag-asa, at kaligayahan Noyeero © Tulang Patnigan 1. Duplo ~ paligsahan sa pangangatwiran, isinasagawa sa bakuran ngnamatayan 2. Balagtasan - pagtatalong patula, nagpapakita ng tagisan ng talino sa pangangatwiran 3. Karagatan — isang dulang tungkol sa prinsesang naghagis ng kanyang singsing sa dagat at kung sinuman ang binatang makakakuha nito ay mapapasakanya ang puso ng dalaga © Tulang Pasalaysay 1. Epiko - patungkol sa kabayanihan, kapangyarihan at pambihirang katangian 2. Awit - maromansa, tampok ang pakikipagsapalaran ng mga tauhan, hango sa tunay na buhay 3. Korido - matomansa at ang mga tauhan ay may kakayahang supernatural e Tulang Padula 1. Sarsuwela - dulang musikal, binubuo ng tatlong akto tungkol sa pag-ibig, poot, at kasakiman 2, Moro-moro ~ nagpapakita ng hidwaan o labanansapagitanng mga Kristiyano at mga Muslim 3, Senakulo — tungkol sa paghihirap at kamatayan ni Hesukristo |. Tibag - paghahanap nina Reyna Elena at Constantino sa krus na pinagpakuan ni Hesus 5. Panuluyan - paghahanap ng matutuluyan nina Maria at Jose upang doon isilang ang sanggol na si Hesus © Bugtong - patulang pahayag 0 katanungan na may nakatagong kahulugan na nilulutas sa pamamagitan ng matalas naisipan ¢ Salawikain—isangpatalinhagang pahayag na ginagamitng mgamatatanda noong unang panahon sa pangangaral at pagtuturo ng kagandahang asal © Bulong-patulang pahayag na ginagamitsa paggagamot at pangkukulam o pang” eengkanto MGA AKDANG NAKAIMPLUWENSYA SA DAIGDIG Bibliya — naging batayan ito ng pananampalatayang Kristiyano Koran — batayan ng pananampalatayang Muslim Aklat ng mga Araw — batayanng pananampalataya ng mga Instik EAE vi >pino a a Alejandro G. Abadilla - “Ama ng Sanaysay sa Filipino" Isang Dipang Langit Amado V.Hernandez - “Makata ng Manggagawa" Isang Dipang Langit, Bayang Malaya Florentino Collantes Lumang Simbahan Maikling Kwento © Binibining Pathupats ~ Juan Crisostomo Sotto © Greta Garbo ~ Deogracias Rosario © Anabela ~ Magdalena Jalandoni Nobela © Nenaat Neneng - Valeriano Pena © Sampaguitang Walang Bango, Madaling-Araw ~ litigo Ed Regalado @ Pinaglahuan, Lihim ng Isang Pulo ~ Faustino Aguilar © Banaag at Sikat — Lope K. Santos © Juan Mi Patricio Mariano © Hiwaga ng Puso ~ Carlos Ronquillo Dula © Walang Sugat ~ Severino Reyes © Tanikalang Ginto ~ Juan Abad © Hindi Ako Patay ~ Juan Crisostomo Matapang © Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas ~ AurelioTolentino © Anak ng Dagat- Patricio Mariano © Kiri-Severando delos Reyes © Dalagang Bukid - Hermogenes llagan © Nabasag Ang Banga - Atang delaRama © Amor Patria ~ Pascual Poblete © Ang Mga Kamag-anak ~ Jose Ma. Rivera © Ing Pamaguiasa Na Ning Mete - Juan Crisostomo Sotto PANAHON NG HAPONES ‘Angpanitikan sailalimngpanahongitoangitinuturing Gintong PanahonngPanitikan. Sapagkit pinagbawal ang paggamit ng wikang Ingles sa panahongito, namayagpag ang pagsulat ng mc? akda sa wikang Tagalog. Nauukol sa buhay lalawigan ang naging tema ng panitikan, Naganap dn ang malaking pagbabago sa Panulaan. Nakilala at sumikat ang tulang malaya tulad ng Halk. Nakilala rin sa panahong ito ang mga Tanaga. Haiku - tulang may 17 pantig na nahahati sa 3 taludtod na may sukat na 5-7-5 Halimbawa: May kaibigan Nasa tabi mo lamang Kung kasiyahan 136+ When should teachers support one another the most? Atall times for whatever cause When they dialogue with administration When there is a rift among teachers When the best interest of the learners is at stake in a controversy oN @> Teacher Coleen was given only P2,200.00 to implement a school activity that would have required P8,000.00. She successfully did this. What characteristic did she demonstrate? A. committed C. effective 8B. fair D. efficient What best describes the “pwede na’ mentality vs. excellence in service / work? A Arduous preparation C._ Resignation to mediocrity B, Committed work D._ Striving to be the best Of all the tasks of teachers, this is the one that relates most to conduct or deportment. A. Planner C. Materials developer B. Values formator D. Adviser If Teacher Hannah knew early on that she wanted to teach and she does not see herself in another profession, teaching for her is a . A. profession C. mission B. vocation D. distinction lan was a master of his subject matter. He can deliver the lesson without any need fora reference material because he memorized everything by heart. Which function of a teachef can he be expected to excel in? A. Facilitator Cc. Planner B. Lecturer D. Values Formator If teachers were to become true facilitators of learning, students must have a respectable degree of this. " A. autonomy/independence c B. obedience communication skills D, metacognition aTT The Teacher and the School Curriculum ===, 45, 46. 47. 320 tions: 1" ~ What ed composed of four ques at €ducatioy ionale is ent ‘2m — What educational experiences ‘ene! sees? 3!— hese educati e provided that are likely to attain these purposes? > How cat hather tational Purp be effectively oiganized?; and 4" - How can we determin wt Fe OSES ae being attained or not? The question in the item focused on the attainment of aims thy the experiences so it is the fourth step in Tyler's mode. Answer: D ~ Tyler's Ratt purposas should the school seek to ough son Plan Procedure answers this question ~ How can i )D Les: Wihich component in the UBD Lesson an Preset the leaning proces? students activate their prior knowle Cc. Firm Up 8 explore ©. Transfer Answer: B ~ The Explore component focuses on diagnosing students’ needs ang activating their prior knowledge. Firm Up allows students to give more examples and to reinforce learning, Deepen moves students and teachers to extend to higher order thinking derstanding of the new knowledge gained, Transfer skills and activities for deeper un d understanding, transfering encourages students to demonstrate knowledge, skills, ani what they learned in real-life contexts. The UbD Lesson Procedure format has the following components. Which comparisons are correct? |. Explore - Introduction Il. Firm Up- Analysis ll, Deepen - Abstraction IV. Transfer - interaction A. land ll Cc. Ll,anditi B. IlandiV D. ALI, and iv Answer: C - Understanding by Design Lesson Plan Procedure, adapted by DepEd, follows this arrangement - Explore; Firm Up, Deepen, and Transfer (EFDT). Explore matches with the Introduction or Activity part of the lesson. Firm Up is congruent with the Interaction or Analysis parts. Deepen can be compared with the Abstraction section of lesson procedure. Transfer, on the other hand, is the Integration or Application part which allows students to transfer what they learned. Therefore, Interaction is already done befor the Transfer stage. After these four components, the teacher in the UbD approach may no” do formal evaluation of the outcomes intended of the lesson. A school administrator emphasized that students have to be engaged in academic a% extra-curricular activities as both types of events help in the achievement of holste developmentintended forthe secondary students. According to Peter Oliva, what dent” of curriculum is implied? A. content B. sequence of courses C._ series of experiences D. set of performance objectives ¥ TTThe Teacher and the School Curicuun SS Independent Practice 1. Mr. Alfred finds satisfaction and fulfillment in teaching, especially when he shares his skills and expertise in choral works and conducting to students. This situation is a depiction that a teacher is passionate about teaching because he/she are fervent about A. adhering toa policy B. helping students learn C._ life in school D._ his/her discipline 2. What is a fitting realization out of the research finding: “A majority of the respondents strongly agreed that teachers help develop the moral character of the children’? A. Ishould impase discipline in all my learning instructions. . 8. | should model the values to children because “values are caught! C. Iwill ask students to research about social issues and problems. D. My syllabus should have a listing of values intended for integration. 3. It is a professional development guide for Filipino teachers that consists of different dimensions cf effective teaching, understanding learners, and @ sound educational pedagogy. A. BEC - Basic Education Curriculum B. NCBTS — National Competency-Based Teacher Standards C. PSSLC - Philippine Secondary Schools Learning Competencies D. UbD - Understanding by Design curriculum framework 4. Teachers of St. Isidore Academy are updating their syllabi because it was recommended by PAASCU during their last visit that they should revise the construction to reflect the schools VMG. How should linkage and sharing of good practices be depicted? ‘A. Appealing to the school boards to allocate separate budget for the resolutions for the next PAASCU visit. B. Conducting regular meetings among faculty members and school staffto address the cited recommendations C. Inviting teachers from neighboring accredited schools, college as resource persons D. Supervising closely the development of classroom instructions, learning resources and students’ participation niversities 5, After the teaching observation, Teacher B was called by his principal for a post-observation conference. His principal informed him that he needs to imprave on the area “ability of the teacher to encourage her students to use higher order thinking skills” What PPST domain should be given importance to improve on the point cited? Domain 1 - Content Knowledge and Pedagogy Domain 2 - Learning Environment Domain 3 - Diversity of Learners Domain 4 - Curriculum DNPP> 322——=S==ee== The Teacher and the School Curriculum 6. One of the rights of the students is the right to make decisions in selecting alternative field of work. This is an adherence to a philosophical foundation of education. Identify the philosophical basis. A. Behaviorism C. Existentialism B, Constructivism D. Progressivism 7. Which of the following best defines Philosophy? A. Aset of values which are influential and meditative for life-long process B. The set of related principles that are based on observation and are used to explain additional observations The study of theories, knowledge and existing life- altering beliefs C D. The study of theories of knowledge, trut tence, and moral 8, What model of curriculum and instruction implies that instructional decisions are arrived at after curricular decisions are made, in which modifications are implemented and evaluated in an instruction spectrum? A, Concentric model C. Dualistic model 8. Cyclical model D._ Interlocking model 9. Separate learning competencies have been identified by the Department of Education for the elementary and secondary levels of education in the country. This is so since education is perceived to be: A. idealistic, for the development of intellectual and moral individuals B. nationalistic process to prepare students for democratic citizenship C._ practical, to prepare the students to conserve nature and resources . d_of psychological processes following growth and developmental patterns 10. Joining organizations or clubs in school is requisite to granting of academic distinction under DECS Order # 66. s 1998. This shows school-community connection reflected in activities geared toward society's needs. What philosophy is related to this? A. Existentialism C. Progressivism B. Perennialism D. Social Reconstructi 11. An outcome of the planning phase of instruction is: A. acomplete set of finely tuned instructional materials B. a computer-based learning experience that incorporates hypermedia C._asummary of the effectiveness of the set of instructional materials D. an outline or blueprint of the learning experience 12. After 2 learner plans and implements various strategies within a navel learning situation, the evaluation phase of learning is important for the learner because: A. tillustrates teaching errors and problems. B. it indicates where technology should optimally be employed. C. itallows for learner reflection and possible revision. D. Allof the AboveChild & Adolescent Development, Inclusive Education, and Research in Education Overview Child and Adolescent Development provides students preparing to enter the teaching profession an in-depth understanding of the developmental needs of children and adolescents and their corresponding educational implications. Here, you will learn about some basic concepts in human development, developmental stages, milestones and tasks, and developmental issues, You will also get to know the prominent developmental theories such as those made by Freud, Piaget, Erikson, Kohlberg, Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner, and Marcia. Under inclusive education, you will leam some basic concepts under special education, such as the common types of disabilities and exceptionalities, and instructional practices. Finally, important characteristics and classifications of research in education will be covered in this course. About The Author PROF. ENGLEVERT PONGAN REYES, MEd., LPT is currently the Coordinator for Faculty Research Program at the Center for Policy, Research, and Development Studies in University of San Jose- Recoletos - Cebu. He also served as a faculty member in the USJ-R College of Education, where he graduated as Summa cum Laude for his bachelor’s degree. He was a recipient of USJ-R University Leadership Award and St. Ezekiel Moreno Award. He ranked 2" in the Licensure Examination for Teachers (2010) and was also 2 national finalist in the 2010 Search for the Outstanding Students of the Philippines. in 2017, he presented his published paper in a prestigious research conference in University of Hawaii - Manoa, Honolulu, USA. At present, being a grantee of CHED Graduate Studies Scholarship, he is pursuing PhD in Education, major in Research and Evaluation at University of San Carlos, Cebu City. Since 2014, Prof. Reyes has served asa lecturer of MET Review Center, where he lends his expertise in Chilé and Adolescent Development, Facilitating Learning, Educational Technology, ICT in Education Special Education, and Research in Education. 332Child & Adolescent Development TTT B. Psychosocial Development Theory (Erik Erikson) © Influenced by Freud, but shifted ideas from asexual focus to 8 social focus © Erikson’s stages of development look at the formation of a personal identity. Within each stage there is acentral crisis, with two possible outcomes that can be reached © Crisis resolution: If @ crisis is not resolved in an earlier stage, 2 child is more likely to encounter problems with resolutions of later crises. People can go back and address earlier crises later on in life. Stages of Psychosocial Development 1, Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1 year) © Adopted view depends on adult care. © Trust: If an infant develops a sense of trust (as a result of being looked after, attended to and loved by his/her parents), the infant will be happy and in good health. Consistency and responsiveness from caregivers will develop an infant's trust of both others and self. © Mistrust: If an infant develops a sense of mistrust (as a result of being neglected by its parents), he/she will display a lack of interest in his/her surroundings and have poor health. 2. Autonomy vs, Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years) © Can! do things myself or must | always tely on others? © Autonomy: A toddler with a sense of autonomy will be interested in exploring his/her surroundings and will constantly be looking for new things to mentally stimulate him/herself with. Here, the toddler needs permission tobe independent and not be ridiculed. © Shame/Doubt: A toddler with a sense of shame and doubt will be more withdrawn, appear to lack confidence, and not venture too far into areas he/ she has not been before. If parents are controlling, a toddler may doubt him/ herself and feel inadequate. 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3 to 6 years) @ Am! good or am I bad? Initiative: A preschooler with a sense of initiative will tend to complete tasks that s/he starts (e.g. ifs/he starts to draw a picture, s/he will keep drawing until it's finished). Here, the child needs to be supported in taking initiative and being independent. Guilt: A preschooler with a sense of guilt will tend not to seek challenges and will tend to hold back expressing who s/he is and what s/he would like to do. 4, Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years) © Am | successful or worthless? The child will start to make peer comparisons academically and socially. industry: Children with a sense of industry show an interest in school work oF tasks they are given at home and display a responsible attitude. Inferiority: Children with a sense of inferiority will tend to display the opposite type of behavior, such as being uninterested in school work or tasks they ar given because they feel they are not good enough to complete those tasks successfully. Lack of proficiency academically and socially leads to inferiority. 5. Identity vs, Role confusion (12 to 19 yea © Who am | and wheream | going? This is the peak of peer influence. 338 ee if!——S Facilitating Learner - Centered Teaching genjamin Blooms Taxonomy of Objectives in the Cognitive Domain was revised by 28 rathwohland__- A, Jacob Kounin 3, Lorin Anderson Cc. Anita Harrow D. Wolfgang Kohler Answer: 8 ~ After Benjamin Bloom, Anderson and Krathwohl revised the Cognitive Domain, with the following levels: Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating and Creating. 30. While administering a quiz, Teacher Imelda was able to check the attendance of the learners. This ability of a teacher to attend two tasks or more at a time is also known as___. A. with-it-ness B. tripple effect C. transition D. multi-tasking Answer: D ~ Multi-Tasking is the ability to do more than one thing smoothly without disrupting the class. 31, This is the term given to the appropriate pacing and progression of the lesson, which must properly paced, monitored, and adjusted in order to prevent slow-downs and stoppages. A. smoothness C. momentum 8. overlapping D. with-it-ness Answer: A - Smoothness in the lesson refers to the skill of the teacher to deliver the lesson in an organized fashion. 32, Teacher Myrtle is not yet finished discussing the topic about Climate Change. The next day, her students were surprised when she proceeded to discuss a new topic about Recycling, When in fact, she has not completed explaining the first topic. This event is an example of A. thrust CG flip-flop 8. dengle D. stimulus-bound Answer: B - Dangle happens when teacher unintentionally fails to finish a topic and Proceeds to a new topic. 8. Teaches, students, parents, administrators, and members of the community are best Nown as : A. Sponsors C. Stockholders Patrons D. Stakeholders Answer: D — Stakeholders in education include teachers, students, parents, adm , ‘Imininistrators, and members of the community. % a TNE 393Technology for Teaching and Learning —_——.. rdware devices that allow © Output Laverne ond ‘other devices. It also receives oo fo te comm py and physical reproduction. Examples are the folowing” oo ontor.t is an output device that displays texts and graphics in the Computer, «© Printer. It isa peripheral device that allows the user to reproduce the day, the computer onto a physical medium like paper. There are various types «y computer, namely: 2, Dot Matrix Printer. It is 2 type of printer that prints text or image by striking an ink ribbon to form dots. b. Inkjet Printer. Itis a type of printer that prints text and images by spraying streams of quick-drying ink on the paper. c._ Laser Printer. It is a type of printer that uses laser technology to produce images in the paper. d. 3D Printer. It is the new trend in printing technology that uses metal alloys, polymers, plastics, nd food ingredients to create physical objects from a digital model. © Projector. It is an output device that uses a light to display an image on a flat surface, © Speakers. It is an output device that produces sound made by the computer. © Storage Devices. © Hard Disk Drive, It is the major storage device of a computer. The operating system, data, and ali files in the computer are stored in a hard disk drive. USB Flash Drive. It is a thumb-sized and portable storage device used to save files and media © Processing Devices. © Central Processing Unit (CPU). It is a device that processes all instructions received from hardware and software running on the computer, It is also known as the brain of the computer. Motherboard. It is a printed circuit board (PCB) that contains the CPU, Random Access Memory (RAM), and all other computer hardware components. 2. Software. This is the intangible part of the computer. It is the collection of instructions that allows the users to interact with a computer. There are two categories of softwares: © Operating System (0S). This is a to execute instructions from the Windows, ° software program that allows the hardat Software. Examples of Operating Systems @ MacOS, Linux, and Android, Application Software, It is also known as the end-user programs. These ae the Softwares that has a specific function needed by a user to accomplish @ sPet task. Examples of application software are the following: © Word Processors, © Spreadsheets, © Presentation software, $00——————=——==s Technology for Teaching and Learning Educational Technology Itincludes any media that can be used in instruction (Borjal, 2013). also be defined using the traditional versus the progressive perspe: From the perspective of Traditionalis function as an alternative to teacher: Example: Instead of enrolling in a vocational, an online video streaming site to le Educational Technology may ctive: its, educational technologies are learning tools that 5 (Learning FROM technology) Program, aspiring bakers can now search relevant videos in arn how to bake. e Conversely, Progressivists believe that educational technologies are learning tools that enhance the teaching and leaming process (Learning WITH technology) Example: Using of simulation toal such as Virtual Reality box to teach Solar System. Roles of ICT in Education According to Borjal (2013), there are two roles of ICT, specifically the computer in teaching and learning: * Computer as Object of Instruction. This pertains to the role of computer to education as subject matter. This refers to computer literacy—it is gaining elementary to advanced knowledge and experience from using computers. Example: Studying computer programming asa subject in BS Information Technology © Computer as Tool for instruction. This refers to the role of computer in education as a device in enhancing teaching and learning, Example: Utilization ofa mobile app in teaching anatomy Remote Teaching and Learning © In 2020, during the COVID-19 outbreak, schools and universities transitioned from face- to-face to ‘ance education. Note that there are most used types of learning delivery modalities being implemented by different academic institutions: face to face (F2F), blended learning, and distance education. © Face to Face (F2F). It is also known as the “brick and mortar education’. It is a type of modality in which teachers and learners meet in the same location and where learning content and instructional materials are presented in person. Blended Learning. It is a combination of traditional classroom setting (or face-to-face) and online learning. © Distance Education. It can be described as a method of education that is received by a learner at another geographical location. There are two types of distance education: * Synchronous distance learning. It is learning that involves live communication through either chatting online, or even videoconferencing. Itis one of the most acclaimed distance learning types that is most suitable for engaging in continuing rograms. _ SON OR arming es 8 ype ofleaing that has a ste eto deadlines, often a weekly time limit; however, Itallows fearnersto lear at their own Pace. It is also one of the most popular distance leaming types ease siuclents can communicate with each other seamlessly through online notice/bulletin boards. e ty STET FACTS ABOUT Covip.19 CoV'D-19 spreads primarily from person to person thy sick sneezes or coughs can land on the mouthe or nase released when someone trarefored thru close contact with someone sick the huggea oo neaty. May alo be algo be left on objects and surfaces, NG oF shaking handsandican Cleaning the hands often, cough or sneeze touching eyes, nose and mouth, avoid clo disinfect frequently touched objects and in your bent elbow — not e your hari Se contac with somaone is sek, and oon and Surfaces are ways to prevent GoVi0-19 Infection To avoid CoViD-19, avoid the crowded Places with many people nearby, avoid close- contact settings especially where people h: _ confined enciosed spaces with poor ae Close-range conversations, and avoid Most vulnerable to CoViD-19 infection are health workers, age, and those with underlying health conditions, eae BEEP over 60 years of Contract tracin identify i Fae eans means identifying everyone who hes come in cose with someone who Hand rub for hand hygiene has a duration of éhire procedure for 20-30 seconds. WHO recommends that all healthy adults do 30 minutes/dey of phy it children should be physically active for 1 hour/day. Mey of Hapa ac, cnt The 1* Metro manila lockdown happened last March 15, 2020. San Lazaro Hospital is the 1* institution which took care of the 1* CoViD-19 case. CoViD-19 was first discovered in Wuhan, China. Comorbidity refers to the presence of a pre-existing chronic disease condition Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) refers to the Coronavirus Disease 2019. General CommunityQuarantine (GCQ) refers to the implementation of temporary _ measures limiting movement and transportation, regulation of operating industries, and presence of uniformed personnal to enforce community quarantine protocols. Modified, General Community Quarantine (MGCQ) refers to the transition phase between GCQ andthe New Normal, when the following temporary measures are relaxed and fe less necessary: limiting movernent and transportation, the regulation of operating ‘and the presence of uniformed personnel fo enforce community quarantine is led Enhanced Community Quarantine (MECQ) refers to the transition phase between [CQ and GCQ, when the following temporary measures are relaxed and become less ry. stringent limits on movement and transportation of deople, strict reguiation af erating industries, provision of food and essential services, and heightened presence o niformed personnel to enforce community quarantine protocoks. Education bullETs: 2021 Edition 56