1

1 Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions.

Name the type of metals often used as catalysts.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

2 Ammonia reacts with oxygen at high temperatures in the presence of a suitable catalyst to form
nitric oxide, NO.

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

(a) Explain how this chemical equation shows ammonia acting as a reducing agent.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Suggest a suitable catalyst for the reaction from the list of metals. Give a reason for your answer.

aluminium calcium platinum potassium sodium

suitable catalyst .......................................................................................................................

reason ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

3 Magnesium is a metal in Group II of the Periodic Table.

Copper is a transition element.
Copper has a higher melting point and a higher boiling point than magnesium.

Describe two other properties of copper which are different from those of magnesium.

1 ..............................................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

4 Nickel is a transition element. Nickel is stronger than sodium.

Describe two other differences in the physical properties of nickel and sodium.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
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5 Predict one difference in the appearance of aqueous solutions of nickel compounds compared to
aqueous solutions of sodium compounds.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

6 Copper is a transition element. It can have variable oxidation states.

State two other chemical properties of transition elements which make them different from
Group I elements.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

7 Chromium is a transition element. Sodium is an element in Group I of the Periodic Table.

Describe two ways in which the properties of chromium are different from those of sodium.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

8 This question is about transition elements.

(a) Transition elements are harder and stronger than Group I elements.

Describe two other differences in physical properties between transition elements and
Group I elements.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) State one physical property of transition elements that is similar to Group I elements.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) State two chemical properties of transition elements.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]
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9 Manganese is a transition element. Sodium is an element in Group I of the Periodic Table.

Describe three ways in which the properties of manganese differ from those of sodium.

1 ...........................................................................................................................................

2 ...........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

10 Cobalt is a transition element. Lithium is an element in Group I of the Periodic Table.

Describe three ways in which the properties of cobalt differ from those of lithium.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

11 Iron is a transition element. Potassium is an element in Group I of the Periodic Table.

Describe three ways in which the properties of iron differ from those of potassium.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ............................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

12 Cobalt is a transition element. Potassium is in Group I of the Periodic Table.

(a) State one physical property that is similar for cobalt and potassium.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) (i) State one physical property that is different for cobalt and potassium.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Describe how the physical property given in (b)(i) is different for cobalt compared to
potassium.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 3]
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13 Nickel is a transition element.

Potassium is a Group I element.

Describe two differences in the physical properties of nickel and potassium.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

14 Titanium is a transition element.

Sodium is a Group I element.

Describe two differences in the physical properties of titanium and sodium.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

15 Give two ways in which the properties of transition elements differ from the properties of Group I
metals.

1 ..............................................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

16 The symbols of the elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown.

Li Be B C N O F Ne

For each of the following, give the symbol of an element from Period 2 which matches the description.

Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Which element:
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(a) combines with hydrogen to produce ammonia

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) makes up approximately 21% of clean, dry air

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) has atoms with only two electrons in the outer shell

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) has atoms with only seven protons

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) is a monoatomic gas

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(f) is a soft metal stored in oil?

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]

17 Group V chlorides are covalent molecules. The boiling points of some Group V chlorides are shown.

chloride boiling point / °C

NCl3 71

PCl3

AsCl3 130

SbCl3 238

(a) Suggest the approximate boiling point of PCl3.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Explain the trend in boiling points in terms of attractive forces between particles.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 3]

18 Fluorine is a Group VII element. Fluorine forms compounds with metals and non-metals.
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(a) Predict the physical state of fluorine at room temperature and pressure.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fluorine exists as diatomic molecules.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of fluorine.
Show outer shell electrons only.

F F

[2]

(c) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between sodium and fluorine.

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) Explain why chlorine does not react with aqueous sodium fluoride.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]

19 The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table.

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

H
N O F Ne
Mg Al Cl
K Ca Cr Fe Cu Zn Br
I

Answer the following questions using only the symbols of the elements in the diagram.
Each symbol may be used once, more than once or not at all.

State the symbol of the element that:

(a) is a monoatomic gas at room temperature

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
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(b) is a liquid at room temperature

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
2−
(c) forms a stable ion of type X

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) is extracted from hematite

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) forms an ion whose aqueous solution gives a grey-green precipitate on addition of aqueous ammonia.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 5]

20 The table shows some properties of four metals in Group I of the Periodic Table.

melting point boiling point relative electrical

metal
/ °C / °C conductivity

sodium 98 883
-------------------------

potassium 63 760 14

rubidium 686 8
-------------------------

caesium 29 669 5

(a) Complete the table to estimate:

• the melting point of rubidium

• the relative electrical conductivity of sodium.

[2]
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(b) What is the physical state of caesium at 20 °C?

Give a reason for your answer.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Describe the trend in the boiling points of the Group I metals.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 5]

21 Chlorine reacts with aqueous sodium bromide.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

Cl2 + 2NaBr → 2NaCl + Br2

(a) State the type of reaction shown.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Why is there no reaction between iodine and aqueous sodium bromide?

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 2]

22 This question is about the halogens and compounds of the halogens.

The properties of some halogens are shown in the table.

density of liquid
melting point boiling point atomic radius
element at its boiling point
in °C in °C 3 in nm
in g / cm

chlorine -101 -35 0.099

.........................

bromine -7 59 3.12 0.144

iodine 114 4.93 0.133

.......................

astatine 302 337 6.35

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(a) Complete the table to estimate:

• the density of liquid chlorine

• the boiling point of iodine.

[2]

(b) Describe the trend in the atomic radius of the halogens down the group.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Predict the physical state of bromine at 50 °C.

Give a reason for your answer.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 5]

23 Fluorine is above chlorine in Group Vll of the Periodic Table.

Explain, using ideas about reactivity of the halogens, why chlorine does not react with aqueous
sodium fluoride.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

24 The Periodic Table is very useful to chemists.

Refer only to elements with atomic numbers 1 to 36 in the Periodic Table provided when answering
this question.

State which metal in the first 36 elements:

(a) is the Group I element which reacts most vigorously with water ..................................... [1]

(b) reacts with air to form lime. .............................................. [1]

[Total: 2]

25 Bromine reacts with hydrogen sulfide, H2S.

(a) Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

........... + H2S → ..........HBr + S [2]

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(b) The energy level diagram for this reaction is shown.

reactants

energy
products

progress of reaction

Explain how this diagram shows that the reaction is exothermic.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 3]

26 (a) Complete the word equation to show the halogen and halide compound which react to form the
products iodine and sodium chloride.

sodium
................................... ................................... iodine
chloride
...................................

[2]

(b) Explain, in terms of the reactivity of the halogens, why aqueous bromine will not react with aqueous
sodium chloride.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 3]

27 This question is about iodine and compounds of iodine.

(a) Complete the word equation to show the halogen and halide compound which react to form the
products iodine and potassium bromide.

potassium
................................... + ................................... → iodine +
bromide
...................................

[2]
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(b) Explain, in terms of the reactivity of the halogens, why aqueous iodine does not react with aqueous
potassium chloride.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 3]

28 Sodium is in Group I of the Periodic Table.

(a) Describe two physical properties of sodium which are different from the physical properties of
transition elements such as copper.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Sodium reacts rapidly with water.

Give one observation made when sodium is added to water.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 3]

29 When aqueous potassium iodide reacts with aqueous chlorine, the solution turns brown.

Name the brown substance that forms. Using ideas about the reactivity of the halogens, suggest
why the brown substance forms.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

30 The table shows the properties of some Group VII elements.

density at
boiling point physical state at
element room temperature
in °C 3 room temperature
in g / cm

fluorine −188 0.0017

chlorine 0.0032 gas

bromine 59 3.1 liquid

iodine 184 4.9 solid

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(a) Use this information to:

● identify the physical state of fluorine at room temperature

..................................................................................................................................................

● estimate the boiling point of chlorine.

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Suggest why the density of chlorine is much lower than the densities of bromine and iodine.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 3]