ANSWERS

FORM 4 (b) Implication 1: If a2 + b2 = c2, then c is a hypotenuse.

Implication 2: If c is a hypotenuse, then a2 + b2 = c2.
Quadratic Functions and Equations in One Implikasi 1: Jika a2 + b2 = c2, maka c ialah hipotenus.
Variable Implikasi 2: Jika c ialah hipotenus, maka a2 + b2 = c2.
CHAPTER
1 Ungkapan dan Persamaan Kuadratik dalam Satu 4. (a) 7 + x = 20 if and only if x = 13.
Pemboleh Ubah 7 + x = 20 jika dan hanya jika x = 13.
PQ2 + QR2 = PR2 if and only if PQR is a right-angled triangle.
(b)
1. (a) 2, –10 (b) –3, –4 (c) 8, –4 (d) 5, 4 PQ2 + QR2 = PR2 jika dan hanya jika PQR ialah segi tiga bersudut tegak.
1 5 3 1 2  5 5 (c) 18  10 if and only if 18 13.
(e) , – (f) ,– (g) –  , – (h) 6, – 18  10 jika dan hanya jika 18  13.
2 3 2 4 3 2 2
7 5. If m  9, then m  14, False
(i) 6, –2 (j) 4, –3 (k) 9, 3 (l) , –1 Jika m  9, maka m  14, Palsu
2
6. If p = 15, then p + 3 = 18, True
5 2 5
(m) , –1 (n) 4, –7 (o) , –1 (p) 4, – Jika p = 15, maka p + 3 = 18, Benar
2 3 3
7. (a) 28 can be divided exactly by 2.
2. (a) 6x2 + x – 15
28 boleh dibahagi tepat dengan 2.
91   (b) PQRS has four sides of equal length.
(b) x = 15, x = – (Ignore/Abaikan) PQ = 50
6 PQRS mempunyai empat sisi yang sama panjang.
3. x = 150, x = 0 (Ignore/Abaikan) Proven/Terbukti (c) Daniel pass in Mathematics.
4. 75 kmh–1/75 kmj–1 Daniel lulus matematik.
5. (a) x = 2 (b) 76 years/tahun (d) If p + 8 = 26, then p = 18.
6. 45 Jika p+ 8 = 26, maka p = 18.

CHAPTER
2
1. 101
Number Bases
Asas Nombor

2. 13146 3. 727 4. 38 S (e) (x + 3)(x – 3) = 0 if and only if the general form of quadratic
equation is x2 – 9 = 0
(x + 3)(x – 3) = 0 jika dan hanya jika bentuk am persamaan kuadratik
ialah x2 – 9 = 0
(f) p  9
R
5. 325, 2010, 111102, 478 (g) cos x° ≠ 0.5/kos x° ≠ 0.5
6. 8. (a) 4n + 7, n = 1, 2, 3, … (b) 10 + n2, n = 1, 2, 3, …
5 237 235 .... 2
(c) 5n + n, n = 1, 2, 3, … (d) n + 17, n = 1, 2, 3, …
(e) 20 + n2, n = 1, 2, 3, … (f) n + n3, n = 1, 2, 3, …
5 47 45 .... 2
(10 – 2) × 180°
9. (a) π(72)(12); 588π@1848 (b) ; 144°
10
PT
5 9 5 .... 4
= 14225 2 3
(c) π(93); 486π@ 1527 (d) (8 – 2) × 180°; 1080°
3 7
5 1 0 .... 1
(e) 2n , n = 1, 2, 3, ....
2

10. (a) (i) Not statement/Bukan pernyataan

0
(ii) Statement/Pernyataan
7. (a) 3205 (b) 44546 (c) 53317 (d) 185679 (b) PQRST has 5 sides./PQRST mempunyai 5 sisi.
(e) 101111112 (f) 40335 (g) 13 7508 (h) 13205 (c) 5n2 + 10, n = 1, 2, 3, …
8. (a) 1010012 (b) 3019 (c) 20135 (d) 2 11. (a) 81 is a perfect square or 81 is a prime number.
9. (a) Kolex (b) 100112 81 ialah nombor kuasa dua sempurna atau 81 ialah nombor perdana.
10. (a) RM495 (b) 132334 (b) x2 + 5 ≠ 21
(c) 8n2 – 17, n = 1, 2, 3, …
12. (a) (i) False/Palsu (ii) True/Benar
CHAPTER Logical Reasoning
Penaakulan Logik (b) 3x2 + 5 ≠ 19
3
(c) n2 – 3(6 + n), n = 1, 2, 3, …
1. (a) False/Palsu (b) False/Palsu 13. (a) (i) True/Benar (ii) False/Palsu
(c) True/Benar (d) True/Benar (b) Implication 1: Jika (–T)3, maka T = –5.
(e) False/Palsu (f) True/Benar Implication 2: Jika T = –5, maka (–T)3.
(g) True/Benar Implikasi 1 : Jika (–T)3, maka T = –5.
2. (a) Some/Sebilangan (b) All/Semua Implikasi 2 : Jika T = –5, maka (–T)3.
(c) Some/Sebilangan (d) All/Semua (c) PQRST has 8 sides./PQRST mempunyai 8 sisi.
(e) Some/Sebilangan (f) All/Semua
3. (a) Implication 1: If a polygon is a pentagon, then the polygon CHAPTER Operations on Sets
has 5 diagonals. 4 Operasi Set
Implication 2: If a polygon has 5 diagonals, then the polygon 1. 22 2. 3
is a pentagon. 3. (a) False/Palsu (b) R ∩ Q ∪ Pʹ
Implikasi 1: Jika sebuah poligon ialah pentagon, maka poligon itu 4. (a) ξ (b) 27
mempunyai 5 pepenjuru. P
(c) 29
Implikasi 2: Jika sebuah poligon mempunyai 5 pepenjuru, maka
poligon itu ialah pentagon.

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 5. (a) P ⊂ Q (h) (i) Q ∩ R (ii) P ∪ Rʹ ∩ Q
(b) (i) (ii) P P
Q
P Q
P R R R

6. (a) P
(b) 102 Q Q
29

Q 19 10 86 30 76 R
(i) (i) Qʹ ∩ P (ii) P ∩ Q ∪ R
P P

7. (a) (i) P ∩ R
P Q R Q R
Q

(ii) P ∪ Q ∩ R Network in Graph Theory

CHAPTER
P Q Teori dalam Rangkaian Graf
5
1.
R Loop/Gelong
R
Vertice/Bucu
(b) (i) Pʹ (ii) P ∩ Q ∪ R S
Q Q Q
P P P

Edge/Tepi

(c) (i) Q ∩ R
P
R R

(ii) (Q ∩ Rʹ) ∪ (P ∩ Q)ʹ

P
S Multiple edge/Berbilang tepi

2. (a) F, G, H, J, K, L, M
T

(b) (F, G), (G, M), (G, K), (G, H), (H, J), (J, J), (J, K), (J, K),
R
Q Q
(K, L), (L, M), (L, M), (L, M)
(c) 24
3. *Other suitable answers and fulfill the terms can be accepted.
R R This is only sample answer
*Jawapan lain yang setara dan memenuhi syarat diterima. Ini hanya
(d) (i) Q ∩ Rʹ (ii) Q ∩ (P ∪ R) contoh jawapan.
PT
P Q U
P Q
Q
P
R
R
W
R S

(e) (i) P ∩ Qʹ (ii) (Q ∩ Rʹ) ∪ (P ∩ Qʹ) T

P P 4. *Other suitable answers and fulfill the terms can be accepted.

Q Q This is only sample answer
R R *Jawapan lain yang setara dan memenuhi syarat diterima. Ini hanya
contoh jawapan.
T
Q
P

(f) (i) P ∩ R (ii) (Q ∩ R)ʹ ∩ P

P P
T

U
R S
Q Q
5. *Other suitable answers and fulfill the terms can be accepted.
This is only sample answer
R R
*Jawapan lain yang setara dan memenuhi syarat diterima. Ini hanya
contoh jawapan.
(g) (i) Qʹ (ii) (Q ∪ R)∩ Pʹ
P P

Q Q

R R

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 6. *Other suitable answers and fulfill the terms can be accepted. 3. (a) x  –6 (b) y  5
This is only sample answer 3   18 
(c) y x+ @ 4y = 3x + 18
*Jawapan lain yang setara dan memenuhi syarat diterima. Ini hanya 4 4
contoh jawapan. 4. y 5. y

U 3y = 2x – 6 y+x=1
P R

x
0 x
0
Q 2y + x = 12 2y = 3x + 18
S T
6. y 7.
2y + x + 4 = 0
y
7. Q
12
2y = x + 14
R 5
P S
8
16 x x
V –10 0
7 0
17
T 9
U 8. (a) 6y  5x − 30 (b) y  8
(c) x6
8. (a) din (P) = 1 dout (P) = 0 9. (a) y + x  8 (b) 2y – 3x  –6
(b) din (Q) = 1 dout (Q) = 2 (c) y8
(c) din (S) = 2 dout (S) = 2 10. (a) 2y  3x – 12 (b) y + 3x + 8  0
(d) din (U) = 3 dout (U) = 2 (c) x  –4
9. (a) Q 11. (a) x + y  60 (b) x  2y
(c) 5x + 12y  930

12 km
T
8 km

4 km
9 km

U
14 km

S
R 12. (a) x+y

y



200

x
R 
S
(b) 3 hours 17 minutes/3 jam 17 minit (b) Q
124 min 54 min 60 min 300
10. (a) U P Q R; 75 kmh–1/75 kmj–1
(b) (i) 9.41 morning/pagi 250
(ii) 315.25 km
PT

200
CHAPTER Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
6 Ketaksamaan Linear dalam Dua Pemboleh Ubah
150
1.
P Q R S 100

y < –12 ✓
50
y . x – 12 ✓

y < x – 12 ✓ ✓ ✓ P
O 50 100 150 200 250

x . 12 ✓ (c) (i) 100;

(ii) Minimum/Minimum = 75, Maximum/Maksimum = 125
2. (a) y  2x + 5 (b) y  3
y y
CHAPTER Graphs of Motion
y = 2x + 5
7 Graf Gerakan

y=3 1. (a)(i)(ii)
Distance (km)
x x Jarak (km)
0 0
280

(c) 2y + 3x  −12 (d) x  7 120

y y

City X
Time (hour)
Bandar X O 2 Masa (jam)
x x
0 0 7
2.75
5
(b) 56 kmh–1/56 kmj–1
2y + 3x = –12
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 2. (a) 20 kmh–2/20 kmj–2 (b) 49.75 km Sisihan piawai paling baik dalam menerangkan data di atas kerana
3. (a) 54 minutes/minit (b) 233 terdapat perbezaan agak besar antara pemenang tempat pertama
(c) 70 kmh–1/70 kmj–1 dengan tempat ke-7.
4. (a) 0.5 hour/jam (b) 95 9. (a) Q1 = Quartile 1/Kuartil 1
(c) 81.43 kmh–1/81.43 kmj–1 Q2 = Median/Median
5. (a) 80 kmh–1/80 kmj–1 (b) 90 km Q3 = Quartile 3/Kuartil 3
(c) 1.25 P = Interquartile range/Julat antara kuartil
6. (a) 60 minutes/minit (b) 50 kmh–1/50 kmj–1 (b) Symmetry, negative skew/Simetri, pencong negatif
(c) 50 (c) Data centre/Pusat data
7. (a) 70 kmh–1/70 kmj–1 (b) 20 kmh–2/20 kmj–2 (d) Length of box/Panjang kotak
(c) 180 (e) All data/Semua data
8. (a) 1.75 hours/jam (b) 308.75 km 10. (a) 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11
(c) 2 (b) (i) Mode/Mod [✓] 9 [ ] 10
9. (a) 20 (b) 40 (ii) Quartile 1/Kuartil 1 [✓] 7 [ ] 7.5
10. (a) 30 (b) 1.30 p.m./petang (iii) Median/Median [ ] 8 [✓] 8.5
(c) 217.5 (d) 72.5 (iv) Quartile 3/Kuartil 3 [✓] 9 [ ] 9.5
(e) 10.36 (v) Interquartile range/Julat antara kuartil [ ] 3 [✓] 2
11. (a) RM1 532.50 (b) 480 (c) 2
(c) RM980 (proven, more RM20 from the target) (terbukti, lebih
RM20 dari sasaran)

6 7 8.5 9 11
CHAPTER Measures of Dispersion for Ungrouped Data
8 Sukatan Serakan Data Tidak Terkumpul
CHAPTER Probability of Combined Events
1. (a) 61 – 67 (b) 63 9 Kebarangkalian Peristiwa Bergabung
(c) 66.53
2. (a) 60 (b) 50 1. {AD, AE, AF, BD, BE, BF, CD, CE, CF}

3.

4.
(c) 50.5
(a) 27
(c) 20
(a)
(b) 35.4

Range of score Mean score

S 2. {AB, AC, AD, AE, AF, BC, BD, BE, BF, CD, CE, CF, DE, DF, EF}
3. {AB, AC, AD, AE, AF, BA, BC, BD, BE, BF, CA, CB, CD, CE, CF,
DA, DB, DC, DE, DF, EA, EB, EC, ED, EF, FA, FB, FC, FD, FE}
4. {AB, AC, AD, AE, AF, BC, BD, BE, BF, CD, CE, CF, DE, DF, EF}
5. (a) {CC, CO, CV, CI, CD, OC, OO, OV, OI, OD, VC, VO,
R
Julat antara skor Min skor VV, VI, VD, IC, IO, IV, II, ID, DC, DO, DV, DI, DD}
Archer X 2  
6 7.67 (b) (i) VI, VO;
Pemanah X 25
9 
Archer Y (ii) IC, IO, IV, II, ID, CD, OD, VD, DD;
3 9 25
Pemanah Y
6. (a) {SP, SM, S2, S0, S2, S1, PS, PM, P2, P0, P2, P1, MS, MP, M2,
PT
(b) Archer Y was selected because he was more consistant in  M0, M2, M1, 2S, 2P, 2M, 20, 22, 21, 0S, 0P, 0M, 02, 02, 01,
shotting.  2S, 2P, 2M, 20, 22, 21, 1S, 1P, 1M, 12, 10, 12}
Pemanah Y dipilih kerana lebih konsisten dalam bidikan. 1 
(b) (i) P1;
42
5.
Arrange the data in ascending order: 1 
(ii) M2, M2;
Susun data secara tertib menaik: 21
(iii) SP, SM, PS, PM, MS, MP, 20, 22, 21, 02, 02, 01, 20, 22,
26 29 38 43 49 51 64 3 

21, 12, 10, 12 ;
Quartile Median Quartile Interquartile range 7
Kuartil 1 Median Kuartil 3 Julat antara kuartil 7. (a) ξ
X Y
29 43 51 22
2 7 14
15 15 45 4
6. Quartile 1/Kuartil 1: 16.5
Median/Median : 30 45
Quartile 3/Kuartil 3: 415
7 2 4
Interquartile range/Julat antara kuartil: 25 (b) (c) (d)
15 15 9
7.
Variance Σx2 Σ(x – x)2 8. (a)
σ M MM
N – (x) @
2
Varians N
M K MK
Standard H MH
 Σ(xN– x)
2
 ΣxN
2
deviation σ 2 – (x)2 @
Sisihan piawai M MM
M K MK
8. (a) (i) 22 (ii) 132 H MH
(iii) 11.48
(b) Standard deviation is the best to be used in explain the data M MM
above because there is a big diffetence between the first M K MK
winner and seventh winner. H MH

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 1 47 4. *Any relevant examples are accepted
(b) (i) (ii) Sebarang contoh yang relevan diterima
22 66
9. (a) {36, 31, 35, 39, 63, 61, 65, 69, 13, 15, 16, 19, 53, 56, 51, 59, Short-term goals Long-term goals
93, 91, 95, 96} Matlamat jangka pendek Matlamat jangka panjang
1
(b) (i) 93, 95; Purchasing a cell phone Purchasing a house
10
Membeli telefon bimbit Membeli rumah
2
(ii) 36, 63, 61, 65, 69, 16, 56, 96; Go on vacation abroad Savings for retirement
5
Bercuti ke luar negara Simpanan untuk persaraan
10. (a) {QQ, Q7, QX, Q5, QU, 7Q, 77, 7X, 75, 7U, XQ, X7, XX,
X5, XU, 5Q, 57, 5X, 55, 5U, UQ, U7, UX, U5, UU} 5.
4 S – Specific/Khusus
(b) (i) Q7, Q5, X7, X5;
25
(ii) QQ, QX, QU, 77, 75, XQ, XX, XU, 57, 55, UQ, UX, UU; M – Measurable/Boleh diukur
13 SMART
25 Financial Goal
Matlamat A – Attainable/Boleh dicapai
11. (a) {hh, hS, hU,he, hF, Sh, SU, Se, SF, Uh, US, Ue, UF, eh, eS, eU, Kewangan
ee, eF, Fh, FS, FU, Fe} SMART
1 R – Realistic/Bersifat realistik
(b) (i) Sh;
22
6 T – Time-bound/Tempoh masa
(ii) hS, hU, hF, Sh, Se, Uh, Ue, eS, eU, eF, Fh, Fe;
11
2 13 6. *Any of the following 3 steps are accepted.
12. (a) (b) Mana-mana 3 langkah berikut sahaja diterima.
5 28
4 13 Define the short-term and long-term goals.
13. (a) (b) 1
15 28 Menentukan matlamat jangka pendek dan jangka panjang.
14. (a) {43, 46, 47, 53, 56, 57, 23, 26, 27, 93, 96, 97, 13, 16, 17}
1 Make an initial budget to achieve each goal.
2
(b) (i) 56, 96, 16;
5
(ii) 43, 47, 53, 23, 97, 13, 17, 16;
8
15

S
15. (a) {31, 32, 37, 38, 51, 52, 57, 58, 91, 92, 97, 98, 41, 42, 47, 48}
1
Membuat anggaran awal untuk mencapai setiap matlamat.

3
Calculate monthly savings needed to achieve the short-
term and long-term goals.
Mengira simpanan bulanan yang diperlukan untuk mencapai
matlamat jangka pendek dan jangka panjang.
R
(b) (i) 41, 47;
8 Analyse spending behaviour.
7 4
(ii) 91, 92, 97, 98, 32, 52, 42; Menganalisis tabiat perbelanjaan.
16
Set a time frame to achieve each goal.
16. (a) {VQ, V4, V3, V2, VV, DQ, D4, D3, D2, DD, 6Q, 64, 63, 62, 66} 5
Menetapkan tempoh masa untuk mencapai setiap matlamat
1
(b) (i) 66; tersebut.
PT
16
7 Determine income strategies that will help to achieve
(ii) V4, V3, V2, D4, D3, D2, 6Q; 6
16 the financial goals.
17. (a) {P3, PE, P9, PG, 4P, 4K, K3, KE, K9, KG} Menentukan strategi pendapatan yang akan membantu
1 mencapai matlamat kewangan.
1
(b) (i) 4P, 4K; (ii) K3, KE, K9, KG, P9;
5 2
7. (a) RM1 000, positive cash flow/aliran tunai positif
(b) –RM200, negative cash flow/aliran tunai negatif
CHAPTER Consumer Mathematics: Financial Management 8. (a) Smart because the actual expenses are less than the budget.
10 Matematik Pengguna: Pengurusan Kewangan Bijak kerana perbelanjaan sebenar kurang daripada anggaran.
(b) (i) RM750
1. (a) Setting goals/Menetapkan matlamat kewangan
(ii) M – He/She knows the amount of money needed to be
(b) Evaluating financial status/Menilai kedudukan kewangan
saved each month, which is RM750.
(c) Creating financial plan/Mewujudkan pelan kewangan
Dia mengetahui jumlah wang yang perlu disimpan setiap bulan
(d) Carrying out financial plan/Melaksanakan pelan kewangan iaitu RM750.
(e) Reviewing and revising the progress T – He/She has targeted time frame, which is 8 months.
Mengkaji semula dan menyemak kemajuan
Dia mempunyai tempoh masa sasaran iaitu 8 bulan.
2. (a) Short-term financial goals/Matlamat jangka pendek (iii) *Any relevant examples are accepted
(b) Long-term financial goals/Matlamat jangka panjang Sebarang contoh yang relevan diterima
(c) Medium-term financial goals/Matlamat jangka sederhana • Reduce electrical and water usage (utility bills)
3. Short-term duration/Tempoh masa jangka pendek Mengurangkan penggunaan elektrik dan air (bil utiliti)
Short-term goals Long-term goals • Use public transportation to reduce toll and petrol
Matlamat jangka pendek Matlamat jangka panjang expenses
Menggunakan pengangkutan awam untuk mengurangkan
Take less than a year perbelanjaan tol dan petrol
Take more than 5 years
Mengambil masa kurang
daripada setahun
Mengambil masa lebih 5 tahun • Reduce groceries shopping
Mengurangkan perbelanjaan barang dapur
Involve a small amount Involve a large amount • Cancel end-of-year vacation plan
of money of money Membatalkan rancangan untuk bercuti di hujung tahun
Melibatkan amaun yang kecil Melibatkan amaun yang besar • Find side income
Mencari pendapatan sampingan

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 9. (a) Positive cash flow/Aliran tunai positif (b) Encik Lee Wei has a surplus of RM475.
(b) RM1 083.30 Encik Lee Wei mempunyai lebihan tunai sebanyak RM475.
(c) Not really wise because/Kurang bijak kerana (c) Encik Lee Wei cannot achieve his goal because he has to save
• Cash surplus has not been deducted yet with variable a total of RM1 200 a month, while his saving is only RM1 050
expenses (10% of the net salary, RM100 from emergency saving and a
Lebihan tunai masih belum ditolak dengan perbelanjaan tidak tetap surplus of RM475).
• House monthly instalment is higher and burdensome in Encik Lee Wei tidak mampu mencapai matlamat beliau kerana beliau
the future perlu menyimpan sejumlah RM1 200 sebulan, sedangkan simpanan
Bayaran balik bulanan rumah adalah tinggi dan membebankan beliau hanya RM1 050 (10% daripada gaji bersih, RM100 daripada
pada masa hadapan. simpanan kecemasan dan RM475 lebihan tunai)
10. (a) 11. (a) X – RM250; Y = RM750
(b) Reduce ASB investment by RM250.
Financial plan (RM) Mengurangkan pelaburan ASB sebanyak RM250.
Pelan kewangan (RM)
(c)
Net salary/Gaji bersih 4 750
Passive income (commission and rental) 2 000 Income/Pendapatan Expenditure/Perbelanjaan
Pendapatan pasif (komisen dan sewaan) Items/Barang RM Items/Barang RM
Total monthly income House rental
6 750 Salary/Gaji 1 575 650
Jumlah pendapatan bulanan
Sewa rumah
Minus monthly savings 475
Car loan instalment
Tolak simpanan tetap bulanan Allowances/Elaun 700 500
Ansuran kereta
(10% of monthly income)
(10% daripada pendapatan bulanan) Overtime pay Utility Bills
625 285
Bayaran lebih masa Bil utiliti
Minus savings for emergency fund 100
Tolak simpanan kecemasan Bonus and others Groceries
265 805
Income balance/Baki pendapatan 6 175 Bonus dan lain-lain Belanja dapur
Insurance
Minus monthly fixed expenses
Tolak perbelanjaan tetap bulanan
House rentals (First and second houses)
Sewaan rumah (rumah pertama dan kedua)
Insurance premiums/Premium insuran
3 400

120
S Total at the end of
Insurans
ASB savings
Simpanan ASB
175

750
R
Total monthly fixed expenses the month 3 165 3 165
3 520
Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap bulanan Jumlah akhir bulan
Minus monthly variable expenses
Tolak jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap (d) Encik Joseph cannot achieve his goal because the monthly
bulanan instalment is quite high, which is RM1 458.33 per month. It
Home utilities/Utiliti rumah 350 is more than his surplus of income (ASB investment), which
PT
Petrol and toll expenses 300 is RM750. Other than that, the duration of 30 years is quite
Belanja petrol dan tol long and might be influenced by his health condition and
Groceries/Barangan dapur 900 pension.
Allowances for parents 300 Encik Joseph tidak mampu mencapai matlamat tersebut kerana
Pemberian saguhati kepada ibubapa bayaran ansuran bulanannya agak tinggi iaitu RM1 458.33 sebulan.
Newspapers, magazines and sports 150 Jumlah ini melebihi pendapatan lebihannya (pelaburan ASB) iaitu
equipment RM750. Selain itu, tempoh masa 30 tahun adalah agak panjang dan
Majalah, akhbar dan peralatan sukan mungkin dipengaruhi oleh keadaan kesihatan dan pencen beliau.
Fine dining/Makan di restoran terkenal 180
Total variable expenses
2 180
Jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap
Surplus of income/deficit 475
Pendapatan lebihan / kurangan

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