ET Progressions

EduSure School
Economics PG Entrance
Maths & Stats: Progressions
Tutor: Ankit Banthia

Progressions
A sequence is said to be a progression if its terms numerically increases (respectively
decreases).
AP
A sequence {Tn} is said to be an arithmetic progression (A.P) if there exists a number, say d
such that
Tn+1 - Tn = d, n ≥1
The constant number 'd' mentioned above is called the common difference of the corresponding
A.P.
(ii) If 'a' and 'd' be the first term and common difference of the A.P.

(iii) If 'a' and 'd' be the first term and common difference of the A.P. {Tn}, then the sum of first n
terms, Snis
given by

GP
A sequence {Tn} of non-zero terms is said to be a geometric progression (G.P.) if there exists a
number, say, r such that

The constant number 'r' mentioned above is called the common ratio of the corresponding G.P.
(ii) If 'a' and 'r' be the first term and common ratio of the G.P.

(iii) If 'a' and 'r' be the first term and common ratio of the G.P. {Tn}, then the sum of first n terms,
Sn is given
by

HP

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 ET Progressions

A sequence of non-zero numbers is said to be a harmonic progression (H.P.) if the sequence of

the reciprocals of its terms is an A.P.

(iii) There is no formula to find the sum of first n terms of a H.P.

1. Consider a GP series whose first term is 1 and the common ratio is a positive integer
r(>1). Consider an AP series whose first term is 1 and whose (r+2)th term coincides with the
third term of the GP series. Then the common difference of the AP series is
(A) r-1 (B) r (C) r+1 (D) r+2

3 7 15 31
2. The sum of the infinite series 1 + 4 + 16 + 64 + 256 + ⋯ … . 𝑖𝑠
(A) 2/3
(B) 4/3
(C) 8/3
(D) None of the above

𝑆𝑚 𝑚2
3. For an AP series it is given that 𝑆𝑛
= 𝑛2
, where 𝑆𝑚 (𝑆𝑛 ) is the sum upto m(n) terms. Then
𝑡𝑚
𝑡𝑛
, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑚 stands for the mth term, equals
2𝑚−1
(A) 2𝑛−1
2𝑚+1
(B) 2𝑛+1
2𝑚−1
(C)
2𝑛+1
2𝑚+1
(D)
2𝑛−1

1 1 1
4. If a,b,c are positive real numbers, then the least value of (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ) 𝑖𝑠
(A) 9
(B) 3
(C) 10/3
(D) None of the above
𝑥−𝑦
5. If x, y, z>0 and are in H.P., then 𝑦−𝑧 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑠
(A) x/y
(B) y/z
(C) x/z
(D) none of these

6. If the positive numbers x1, x2,…..,xn are in A.P. , then

1 1 1
+ +⋯+ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑠
√𝑥1 + √𝑥2 √𝑥2 + √𝑥3 √𝑥𝑛−1 + √𝑥𝑛
𝑛
(A)
√ 1 √𝑥𝑛
𝑥 +
1
(B)
√𝑥1 +√𝑥𝑛
2𝑛
(C)
√𝑥1 +√𝑥𝑛
(D) None of the above

7. If X = 265 and Y = 264+263+….+20 , then

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(A) Y = X+264
(B) Y=X
(C) Y = X+1
(D) Y=X-1

1 1 (𝑎𝑛 −𝑏𝑛 )2
8. Given the two sequences 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑛 = 𝑛+1 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 ∑99
𝑛=1 𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑛
𝑖𝑠
(A) 1
(B) 1 – 1/99
(C) 99/100
(D) None of these

9. If a, b, c, d are in G.P., then (a3+b3)-1, (b3+c3)-1, (c3+d3)-1 are in

(A) A.P.
(B) G.P.
(C) H.P.
(D) None of these

10. The sum of the following:

(n)(1) + (n-1)(3) + (n-2)(5)+…..+(1)(2n-1) is
𝑛(𝑛−1)(2𝑛+5)
(A) n3- 6
𝑛(𝑛−1)(5𝑛−1)
(B) n3- 6
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
(C) 6
(D) None of these

11. Consider the sets - S1={0} ; S2 = {3/2 , 5/2} ; S3 = {8/3, 11/3, 14/3} ; S4 = {15/4 , 19/4,
23/4, 27/4},….
Then the sum of elements in Sn is
(A) (n+1)(n-2) / 2
(B) (n-1)(n+2) / 2
(C) (n+1)(3n-2) / 2
(D) None of these

12. The roots of the cubic equation x3 - 9x2 + 23x – 15 = 0 are in A.P. The common difference
between the roots is
(A) ½
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) None of these

Taylor Series Expansion

Let's call our point and let's define a new variable that simply measures how far we are from
; call the variable .

Then Taylor Series equation is as follows:

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Taylor series for around 0; also known as the Mercator series

1. The value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑒 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑒 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 𝑒 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔16 𝑒 + ⋯ is equal to

1
(A) 2
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑒
1
(B) 2
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 2
(C) ½
(D) None of these

2. The value of log42 – log82 + log162 -…..

(A) Loge2
(B) 1 – loge2
(C) Loge2 – 1
(D) None of these

3. The second – order Taylor expansion of the function 1/(x + 1) around x0=1 is:
1 1
(A) + + 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟
2 2(𝑥+1)
1 1 1
(B) 2
− 8
(𝑥 − 1) + 4 (𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟
1 1 1
(C) + (𝑥 − 1) + (𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟
2 2 8
1 1 1
(D) 2
− 4
(𝑥 − 1) + 8 (𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟

Other problems:

ISI 2018 – 16, 22, 26 ; ISI -2015 – 6 ; ISI-2014 – 20

DSE 2017 – 17,18

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