INDEX

Absorption, 1, 42 general, 68–79

Activity coefficient, 12
Arheotrope, 30, 51
locus of, 35–38
Attainable region for hybrid design,
164–167
Azeoptrope, breaking of, 42
Batch operation, see Membrane,
operation; Permeation time
Binary systems, 16–20, 45
Bow-tie regions, 60–61
Cascades, reflux, 3
Column profiles, 85–106, 119
location relative to its pinch point
loci, 123
Column profile maps, 72, 74–76
Column section (CS)
breakdown, 67–68
definition, 68
distillation, 110–112
membrane, 80–106, 110–112
operation
finite reflux, 74–79
infinite reflux, 71–73
Complex membrane configurations,
107–150
comparison with distillation
systems, 138
Continuous operation, see Membrane,
operation
Coupled column sections, 116
feasible profiles (example), 127,
134–136
region of feasibility, 128–129
requirements for feasibility, 120
Degrees of freedom
hybrid design, 161
Difference point, 70, 75–76, 81, 84, 98,
104, 112. See also Pinch point loci
coupled column sections, 118

Membrane Process Design Using Residue Curve Maps, First Edition.

Mark Peters, David Glasser, Diane Hildebrandt, and Shehzaad Kauchali.
Ó 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
217
218 INDEX
Difference point equation. See also
Difference vector
distillation, 111–112, 159
general, 70, 71
membrane, 81, 82, 87–88, 98, 112
properties of, 84
Difference vector, 88–97
coupled column sections, 133
Diffusion membranes
description, 2, 8, 42
gas separation, see Gas separation
pervaporation, see Pervaporation
Dimensionless time, 21, 46–49
Discontinuity in residue curve
map, 73–74
Distillation, 1, 2, 110–112. See also
Equilibrium-based separations;
Hybrid distillation-membrane
design
analogy of membrane systems to, 19
differences with membrane
systems, 36
Equilibrium-based separations, 3, 42
Flow patterns in membrane equipment,
43, 55, 66
Flux, 2, 8, 12, 16, 82–83
Flux model, see Permeation modeling
Gas separation, 2, 8–11
Gibbs triangle, see Mass balance
triangle
Hybrid distillation-membrane
processes
design using coupled column section
approach, 138–150
design using residue curve maps,
159–167
synthesis of configurations, 156–158
i-butene, see MTBE
Kinetically-based separations, 3, 42
Knudsen membrane, 11, 16, 23, 29–34, 58
Liapounov’s first theorem, 73
Liquid-liquid extraction, see Solvent
extraction
Mass balance triangle, 24, 71–72,
90, 97
Membrane
classification, 13–14
nonselective, 13–14
selective, 13–14
operation. See also Nonreflux
membrane equipment; Reflux
equipment; Flow patterns in
membrane equipment
batch 2, 15–54,
ccntinuous, 2, 43, 54–64
temperature, 12–13
types
diffusion, see Diffusion membranes
general, 1
Membrane area, 8, 54, 56, 83. See also
Permeation area
Membrane column, 43, 59–60, 66–68
Membrane column section, see Column
section
Membrane residue curve, 20. See also
Residue curve equation
Membrane residue curve map
application of, 41–64
definition, 20
discontinuity, 73–74, 87
nonselective, 27, 33
plotting of, 23–27, 71–73, 85–87
properties, 29–39
selective, 33, 35, 37
Membrane selectivity, see Permeability
Membrane separation, 1. See also
Kinetically-based separations
effective, 9, 36–38
comparison with distillation, see
Distillation
Membrane vector field, 30–31
Methanol, see MTBE
Mixing vector, 98
 INDEX 219
Moving triangle, see Transformed Pressure
triangle ratio of, 9
M-RCM, see Membrane residue curve saturation, 12
map vacuum, 10, 16–18, 34–36
MTBE, 12, 153–155. See also Selective
membrane Reflux membrane equipment, 43,
Multicomponent systems, see Ternary 58–64
systems finite, 64
infinite, 60–63
Net molar flow in a column section, 70, total, 58–60
81, 84, 98, 112 Reflux ratio, 71, 98, 104, 112. See also
Net molar composition in a column Pinch point loci
section, see Difference point coupled column sections, 118
Nonreflux membrane equipment, 43, minimum for coupled column
54–58 sections, 130
Nonselective membrane, See also negative values, 77, 124
Knudsen membrane; Membrane, Relative permeability, 9, 11. See also
classification Knudsen membrane
operating region, 48–50 effect on topology, 32–34
sequencing, 61–63 Residue curve equation, 21, 56, 59,
71, 85
Operating leaves, 156–158 derivation, 22–23
Operating regions (membranes) Residue curve map (D-RCM), 72
batch, 45–50 discontinuity, 73–74
continuous, 57–58, 60–63 Retentate
composition, 3, 42
Permeability. See also Relative flow, 88, 90
permeability pressure, 8
definition, 3 Retentate profile. See also Membrane
Permeate residue curve
composition, 3, 15, 42, 46–54, 56–58 in relation to pinch point curve, 124
flow, 8, 15
pressure, 8, 9, 10–11, 15, 80 Saddle point, 29, 30, 33, 34. See also
Permeate profile Stationary points
behavior of, 123 Selective membrane, 34–38. See also
in relation to pinch point curve, 125 Membrane, classification
Permeation area, 58 operating region, 50–54
Permeation modeling, 7–14, 34–36, 42, sequencing, 63
82–84, 113 Selectivity, 42. See also Permeabitlity
Permeation time, 52–54 Separation vector, 31, 89, 98
Pervaporation, 2, 11–13 Separations, processes, 1
Petlyuk membrane arrangement, 114 Sequencing, 61–63
Pinch point, 102, 122, 126. See also Solvent extraction, 1, 42
Pinch point loci Solution-diffusion model, 8. See also
Pinch point loci, 76–79, 93–94, 99–102, Permeation modeling
121 Split ratio, for hybrid designs, 161
220 INDEX

Stable nodes, 29, 30, 33, 34. See also
Stationary points
Stationary points, 29–30, 73. See also
Pinch point
Ternary systems, batch, 20, 45
mass balances, 21
Transformed triangle, 74–77, 90
Unidistribution lines, 31–32
Unstable nodes, 29, 30, 33, 34. See also
Stationary points
Vapor-liquid equilibrium, 113
x–y plot, 17–19. See also Binary systems