Chapter (1)

Whole Numbers and Operations

Target
• Review steps in adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing whole
numbers.
• Solve word problems involving whole numbers operations.
Number Systems Chart
Addition
To add two or more numbers, line up the numbers in columns by place
value. This means that the ones place of the first number is lined up with the
ones place of the next number. After, add each column from right to left. In
addition, the solution is called the sum.

Add : 242 + 18 + 195

Properties of addition
Commutative property of addition: Changing the order of addends does
not change the sum.
For example, 4 + 2 = 2 + 4

Associative property of addition: Changing the grouping of addends does

not change the sum. For example, (2 + 3) + 4 = 2 + (3 + 4)

Identity property of addition: The sum of 0 and any number is that

number. For example, 4+0 = 0+4 = 4
Subtraction
In subtraction, the solution is called the difference.
 Multiplication
The solution to a multiplication problem is called the product.
 Properties of multiplication

Commutative property of multiplication: Changing the order of factors does not

change the product. For example, 4×3=3×4=12

Associative property of multiplication: Changing the grouping of factors does not

change the product. For example, 2×(3×4) = (2×3) ×4= 24

Identity property of multiplication: The product of 1 and any number is that

number. For example, 21×1 = 1×21 = 21
Division
Division is calculated in a process that is commonly called “long
division”. The solution of a division problem is called the
Quotient.
Division
Example 9
Divide : (i) 2018 ÷ 4, (ii) 5690 ÷ 12
 Operations with Whole Numbers
Drills: Perform the indicated operation and check your final answer on your
calculator.
 Math Operator-Vocabulary
• Addition – Sum, altogether, all, in all, together, total, total number, add, increase,
increased by, more than,…

• Subtraction – minus, greater than, take away, fewer than, less than, subtract,
decreased by…

• Multiplication – product, multiply, multiplied by, times, of,…

• Division – quotient, dividend, divide, divided by, each, per, average, divided
equally,…

• Equal – the same, equals, the same as, equivalent, is equal to, is,…
Word Problems Involving Basic Operations
• Addition : Find a total, find a sum, determine how many
“altogether”

• Subtraction : Find the difference, determine how many are left

over

• Multiplication : Find a total when given groups, find the

product

• Division : Find an amount or rate “per”, split into equal parts,

share, find how many in each group given a total.
 4 Steps to Solve Word Problems
•Read through the problem and set up a word equation — that is, an
equation that contains words as well as numbers.

•Plug in numbers in place of words wherever possible to set up a regular

math equation.

•Use math to solve the equation.

•Answer the question the problem asks.

Word Problems
Rounding Whole Numbers
Rounding whole numbers is often useful to estimate. To estimate means to use or
substitute a number that is almost equal to an exact number. To round a
number, express it to the nearest hundred, thousand, and so on.

EXAMPLE 1 Round the number 847. EXAMPLE 2 Round 5,287 to the nearest
hundred.
EXAMPLE 3 Round 12,493 to the nearest ten.

EXAMPLE 4 Round 13,560 to the nearest thousand.

Estimating with Whole Numbers
 Example 2
Marisa went shopping at a grocery store. She bought items that cost
$4.99, $5.88, $1.04, $7.98, and $1.95. What is the approximate total
cost of these items?

Example 3
What is the approximate product of 510 and 299?