EAPP 11

Academic Language

•used to describe and

comprehend complex ideas,
process higher-order thinking,
and understand abstract
concepts.
 THESIS STATEMENT

• states the main idea of a writing assignment

and helps control the ideas within the paper.
• 1-2 sentences found at the end of the introduction of
an essay.
• debatable claims, avoid making
announcements, avoid overly opinionated
stands and avoid stating facts alone.
OUTLINE

• is a tool we use in the writing process to help

organize our ideas, visualize our paper's potential
structure, and further flesh out and develop points.
• a design to follow when writing a structure, a
discourse, or an article.
• arranges information according to main ideas,
major details, and supporting details.
 TYPES OF OUTLINE

•Topic Outline- uses words or

phrases.
•Sentence Outline- uses a complete
sentence.
•Paragraph Outline- uses a
paragraph.
Summary

•is a comprehensive and usually

brief abstract, recapitulation,
or compendium of previously
stated facts or statements.
APA Style

•American Psychological
Association
• most commonly used citation in
an academic text.
Critique Paper

•critical analysis or
evaluation of a subject,
situation, literary work
 Approaches in
writing a critique
paper
Formalist Criticism

•form or appearance is the

center rather than the
inner reality or
significance of things.
Biographical Criticism

•relates the life of the

author and the subject.
Gender Criticism

•examines how sexual

identity influences the
creation and reception of
the subject.
Historical Criticism

•Analysis of social,
cultural and intellectual
context surrounding a
text.
Psychological Criticism

•Investigates the
creative process of the
author and its work
Sociological Criticism

•Examines the cultural,

economic and political
relationship of the
author and the subject
A Concept Paper
• academic writing that clarifies the
meaning of a concept or a term.
Central to developing concept papers is
writing definitions. Definitions are used
to provide the meaning of a particular
word or term. They may be formal,
informal, or extended.
 CONCEPT PAPER
- is a brief paper that outlines the important components
of a research or project before it is carried out
- is a summary of the project that explains why it is
important and how it is carried out
- background of the study, budget matrix, methodology.
- provides a concise summary of the key elements of a
funding request to solicit feedback and buy—in from
prospective funders, partners, and other potential
stakeholders.
Timetable
•provides a range of time for
project completion,
highlighting key elements for
each stage.
Visual Aid
•is described as any object,
picture, drawing, map, poster,
chart, or image that helps the
audience or reader understand
data or concepts.
1. Formal sentence definitions include the:
• Term - is a word to be defined
• Class - is the group where the term belongs
• distinguishing features - the qualities that make
the term unique

TERM CLASS DISTINGUISHING FEATURES

Computer is an electronic device For storing and processing data

2. Informal definitions -do not include distinguishing features

TERM CLASS

A pencil is an instrument for writing and

drawing
3. Extended definitions- essay length texts that use different rhetorical patterns to
show the meaning of a particular term or concept. Extended definition essays or
concept papers do not just define but describe, compare and contrast, show cause-
and-effect relationships to provide the reader a holistic definition of a term.
 Purposes:
1. To clarify meanings of words, or to correct
misinterpretations, or misuse
of a term.
2. To stipulate the meaning of a term by limiting, extending,
or redirecting the sense in which a term is usually
understood; to use a term, borrowed from another field of
knowledge in a special way.
Ex: “Window dressing” – used to make a shop window more
attractive to buyers.
 Ways in Elucidating Concept
1. Formal – follows a pattern or equation:
term + genus + differentia (differentiating
characteristics)

A robot is a machine that looks like a human being and performs complex acts of a human
being (Webster)
 Ways in Elucidating Concept
2. By synonym- using a word or phrase that shares
a meaning with the
term being defined.
Drugs - Medicine
 Ways in Elucidating Concept
3. By origin or semantic history – origin of the word

Yoga comes from the Sanskrit “to join”

 Ways in Elucidating Concept
4. By Illustration – illustrating something through
meaning
Known for their shedding their leaves in the fall, deciduous trees include
oaks, maples, and beeches.
 Ways in Elucidating Concept
5. By function

A thermometer measures temperature change.

 Ways in Elucidating Concept
6. By analysis - Breaking down wholes into parts,
aspects into levels, and
a process into steps
The republican form of government has three branches: the executive, the
legislative, and the judiciary.
 Ways in Elucidating Concept
7. By likeness or similarity
Brighter than 100million suns, quasars stand like beacons on the shore of
the universe
 Ways in Elucidating Concept
8. By analogy or metaphor

The germs and bacteria or antigens are

like a gang of villains invading our body, attacking our unseen defenders, the layers of
macrophages, cytokines, and lymphocytes,
 Ways in Elucidating Concept
9. By contrast- use of opposites

Unlike those of gas, the particles of solid are tightly compact.

 Ways in Elucidating Concept
10. By negation – stating what a term is not.

Wild rice, an American delicacy, is not rice at all but the seed of a tall aquatic
grass.
Visual Aid
•is described as any object,
picture, drawing, map, poster,
chart, or image that helps the
audience or reader understand
data or concepts.
Position Paper

•an academic paper that

discusses one side of an
issue.
Components of an argument

•Issue
•Claim
Argumentative thesis

•is referred to as the

stand of the author
on an issue.
Claim

•is the statement that

summarizes the main idea
or supports the author’s
stand.
Types of Claims

•Claim of Policy- asserts that specific

policies should be instituted to solve
problems.
•Claim of Value-
•Claim of Fact-
Opinion

•is a judgment, viewpoint, or

statement that is not
conclusive.
Evidence

•the claim or set of claims with reasons

and evidence offered as support
•Source of evidence- reasons, personal
experiences, research, journals,
statistics.
Conclusion

•is the last part of a position

paper that includes the
restatement of the thesis
statement, arguments, and plan
of action.
Report

•statement describing in detail an

event, situation, or the like,
usually as the result of
observation, inquiry.