Forces and

Changes in
motion
PHYSICS OF 9 TH AP
T. HANEEN HUSSAIN
MODERN ENGLISH SCHOOLS
Learning Objectives
1. Understanding Force?

2. Understanding changes acted by a force?

3. What forces can act through?

4. Drawing Forces diagrams and Free body Diagrams

5. Solving Formative assessment P.122

What is Force.
Explore it yourself!
1. Hold in a ball. How can you describe the ball state?
At rest / in motion.

2. Now throw it to your classmate. How the state of the ball changes?

3. How the state of the ball changes when your classmate catches the ball?

Define the Force in terms of the situation you’ve just experienced ?

Force
Force is an action exerted ( applied) on an object that may change the object’s state of rest
or motion.

Three ways That forces Change Motion:

1. Start moving 2. Stop Moving 3. Change direction of motion.

In all three cases forces can cause acceleration [ a change in velocity with respect to time]
𝒅
so, a = , where a : acceleration , d distance (in meters) t : time ( in seconds)
𝒕𝟐
Unit of a = m /s^2
Forces continue “
Forces are measured using The Newton Unit which is defined as the force needed to accelerate
a body weighing one kilogram by one meter per second squared.

Therefore, 1 N = 1 kg x 1 m/s2 .
Special Type of forces
Gravitational Force: The magnitude of weight force exerted on an object of mass (m) by the
gravity of Earth.
Fg = m x ag
How forces can act on objects?
1. Through contact ( Contact Forces) :physical contact is needed between the force source and
the object.

2. At a distance ( Field Forces): Does not involve immediate physical contact between two
objects.

Classify the following actions/forces as contact forces or field forces.

1. Letting an object go down freely. ______Field force______

2. Pulling a string. ______Contact Force__________
3. Attracting iron filings using a magnate. _Field Force________
4. Kicking a ball. ________Contact Force____________
5. Pushing a wagon._______Contact Force_______________
6. Free sliding on an inclined surface.______Field Force____________
Fundamental Field Forces
There are 4 fundamental field forces: Gravity, Electromagnetic forces, the strong force and
the weak force found in atoms.
These forces constitute the most fundamental forces in the universe.

Examples:
1. Earth gravity and moon gravity are gravitational forces.
2. Strong forces in an atom holds the neutrons and the protons together.
3. Weak force in an atom is responsible for the atom decay that is changing from one aton to
another.
4.Attraction and repulsion between electrical charges
Force is a vector!
If you push a car it accelerates, if you push it harder the acceleration will be greater.
The acceleration of the car depends on the force’s magnitude ( Quantity).
The direction in which the car moves depends on the direction of the force.

Force Diagrams: Diagrams that show force vectors(as arrows) acting between two or more
objects.

A force vector points in the direction of force and its length is proportional to the force
magnitude.
Force Diagram
Force Diagram
1. Describe the figure. Fn
F(friction)
A block (box) of mass (m) is freely sliding on
an incline surface without any external
forces affecting it.

1. Draw the force vectors affecting the box

in this figure. Use blue arrows.
Assume the surface is not Fg
smooth(rough) showing resistance
 Free body Diagrams
A free-body diagram Shows only the forces acting on the object of interest.

Fn: Normal Force(An upward force exerted by the ground on an object, it’s always
perpendicular to the object’s surface.)

Fg: Gravitational Force : a downward force exerted by earth gravity field.

Fn
Fw

Fg
Forces affecting a car collides with a wall Forces affecting a car at rest
Free body Diagrams Construction
Steps
1. Analyze: [ Identify all forces affecting on the object and the directions of the forces]

2. Plan: Draw a diagram to represent the isolated object.

3. Solve:
a. Draw and label vector arrows for all external forces acting on the object.

b. Draw and label gravitational force and Upward force( Normal Force) exerted by the surface of
contact(ground).

Practice the example in P.121

Check in p.122
Free body diagram (Sled) P.121
Analyze: Identify all the forces affecting on the object.

1. Pulling force ( String Force) 60 N

2. Gravitational Force Fg ( 130 N)

3. Upward Force (90 N)

Free body Diagram continue
Plan:

Fn 90 N F string
Solve: 60 N

Fg 130 N
Check
p.122

1.