Baghdad College High School

Types of fractions in
mathematics and the
operations performed on
them
 
Types of fractions
Fractions are defined in mathematics as fragmented
numbers, and they are written as (number / number), and
these two numbers are known as the numerator and the
denominator, as the number above the division line is
called "numerator", and the other number is
"denominator", and fractions come on several types and
forms that will be detailed and explained in this article, and
they are as follows:-

Simple fraction

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Simple fractions are defined as fractions in which the

numerator is less than the denominator, so that the
fraction in them represents a part of a whole, and this type
of fraction is also known as a "ordinary fraction", and it is
represented as a numerator whose value is less than the
value of the denominator, for example, a sixth is
considered a simple fraction, and the following are
examples of a simple fraction:

 2\4
      

 3\5
      

 5\9
      

 4\10
      

Composite fraction
Compound fractions are defined as fractions in which the
numerator is greater than the denominator, and it is also
known as an "unusual fraction", as the result of the fraction
is after dividing the numerator by the denominator greater
than 1, and this is what makes it an improper fraction in
terms of the meaning required by the fraction, as the

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fraction is an expression of a part of a whole, but this type

of fraction deviates from the original meaning of the
fraction but can be written as a numerator / denominator,
making it a non-fraction Normal, and the following are
examples of a compound fraction:

 7\4
      

 5\2
      

 9\3
      

 10\2
      

Mixed Number
Mixed numbers consist of a combination of an integer and
a fraction, and it is called a "mixed fraction" because it
combines two types of numbers, a whole number and a
fraction, and the value of a mixed fraction is always
greater than 1, and a mixed number can always be
converted to an unusual fraction, and an unusual fraction
can always be converted into a mixed fraction, and the
following are examples of a mixed number:

 1 2\3
      

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 7 6\9
      

 3 5\6
      

 2 4\7
      

Problems on fractions
Here are some of the illustrative problems on fractions:

 The mother divides the loaf of bread into eight parts

and distributes only one part of it to her children, how
much is the share of one son of the loaf?

One part of a loaf of bread is expressed as 1/8; therefore,

the share of one son is 1 part, which is = 1/8.

Someone owns a 5-donum farm and wants to divide it

between his two sons, how much is the share of each
of them?

The total area between the two is divided by 5 by 2,

resulting in the fraction = 5/2. The school teacher wants
to divide three pieces of candy between two students
who have received the same mark, how much is the
share of each?

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The parameter will distribute the first two pieces to them

so that each of them gets a complete piece, and the third
piece will divide it into two equal parts so that the share of
each of them in total = 1 1/2.

Calculations on fractions
Many arithmetic operations are performed on fractions,
such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, in
order to find out the result of the mathematical operations
performed on fractions, and these operations and how to
perform them on fractions will be explained as follows:

Addition and subtraction

The process of adding ordinary and complex fractions is
carried out in several stages, and the last of these stages
is the addition of the numerator with the numerator when
the denominator is uniform, so that ordinary and
compound fractions are added and subtracted if the
denominators are similar, by adding the numerator to the
numerator or subtracting them according to the

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calculation, with the denominator remaining the same, for

example, adding the following fractions:

 3\5+ 4\5 = 7\5

      

If the denominators in the two fractions are different, then

the process of standardizing the denominators is
performed before the addition or subtraction of fractions,
by finding the least common multiple of the denominators,
such as adding the following fractions: 2/3 + 1/2, where he
found the microplex between the denominators 2 and 3,
which is the multiple of 6, then multiply the first fraction by
2, and multiply the second fraction by 3, to become the
two fractions:

 4\6+ 3\6= 7\6

      

For mixed numbers, the mixed number is converted into

an unusual fraction, and then we look at their
denominators after conversion, if they are similar,
subtraction or addition is performed on the numerator
while the denominator remains the same, but if the
denominators are not similar, the least common multiple of

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them is found and unified, and then the result of addition

or subtraction on the numerator between the two fractions
is found, for example:

 1 2\6 + 2 1\4
      

We convert mixed numbers to complex fractions to

produce the two numbers:

 8\6+9\4
      

And here the denominators are not similar, so we unify

them by multiplying the first fraction by 4 and the second
fraction by 6, to become

 32\24 + 54\24= 86\24

      

It should be noted that subtracting between ordinary and

complex fractions requires knowledge of the properties of
traditional subtraction and then performing the same steps
as the addition process mentioned above to find the result
of subtracting fractions.

Multiplication and division

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Ordinary and complex fractions are multiplied by

multiplying the numerator by the numerator and
denominator by the denominator, so the process of
multiplying fractions is done, for example, when we
multiply:

 (2/3 * 7/4) the result = 14/12

      

 In mixed numbers, the mixed number is converted

      

into a complex fraction and then the multiplication

operation is performed in the way used in ordinary
and complex fractions, for example, to multiply:
 (1 2\3 * 2 3\4)
      

We convert fractional numbers into fractions as

follows:
 (5\3 * 11\5) = 55\ 15
      

It is noted here that the process of multiplying and dividing

fractions does not require the process of standardizing the
denominators, nor does it differ if the denominators are
different or similar.

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For example, when the fraction (2/3) is divided by the

fraction (5/7), we turn the second fraction to become (7/5)
and then multiply it by the first fraction as it is, so that the
problem becomes

 (2\3) * (7\5) = 14\15

      

In mixed numbers, we convert mixed numbers to complex

fractions and perform division as ordinary and complex
fractions, for example:

 1 3/4 divided by 2 1/4

      

We convert mixed numbers (7\4)\(9\4)

Then we turn the second fraction to become (4/9) and

multiply it by the first fraction as follows:

 (7\4) * (4\9)= 28\36

      

Problems on Arithmetic Operations of

Fractions

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The following are some of the problems applied to the

calculations performed on fractions and solving those
problems:

 What is the result of adding the fractions 3/4 + 5/2?

      

We unify the denominators by multiplying the second

fraction by 2 to 10/4 and then adding 3/4 + 10/4 = 13/4.

 What is the result of subtracting the fractions 8/3 -

      

5/3?

Since the denominators are standard, we subtract the

fractions directly: 8-5/3 = 3/3.

 Find the product of the mixed numbers 2 2/4 * 3

      

1/2?

We convert the two mixed numbers to complex fractions

to 10/4 * 7/2 = 70/8.

 Divide the fraction 6/4 by the fraction 8/3?

      

We turn the second fraction into 3/8 and then multiply it by

the first fraction to give us the result:

 6\4 * 3\8 = 18\32

      

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Boolean operations on fractions

Logical operations are performed on fractions in their
different forms to compare them, and determine the state
between fractions, whether they are greater, smaller, or
equal between fractions, and these cases are symbolized
respectively: (greater >), (< smaller), (= equality), and the
following is an explanation of these operations:

      Fractions with the same denominator When

comparing fractions with the same denominator, a
fraction with the largest numerator is the largest
fraction, for example: 3/4 > 2/4
      Fractions with the same numerator In the case of
a comparison between two fractions with the same
numerator, the fraction with the greatest
denominator is the smaller fraction, for
example: 4/8 <4/5

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 Different fractions in numerator and denominator

      

When comparing different fractions in the numerator

and denominator, such as comparing fractions 5/3
and fraction 4/6, we do the following:
First of all, the consolidation of the denominators
between fractions should be done.
The microco-multiple of the fractions is found.
In this example, we multiply the first fraction by 2 to
unite the denominators.
The two fractions after the unification process
become as follows: 10/6 and 4/6.
We compare fractions as well as fractions with
similar denominators, resulting in 10/6> 4/6
Problems on logical operations of
fractions
Here are more practical problems on rational
operations for fractions and their solution:
 Compare the fraction 1 6/4 and the fraction 5/7?
      

After converting the number of fractions 1 6\4 to

10\4 it is compared with the fraction 5\7, and here
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the fractions are different in numerator and

denominator, so we unify the denominators to
become the fractions: 70/28 and 20/28, and the
logical expression between them is as follows:
70/28 >20/28
 Compare the fraction 6/3 and the fraction 4/2?
      

The fractions here are different in numerator and

denominator, so we unify the denominators to
become 12/6 and 12/6, which are equal fractions,
that is, the relationship between them is equality:
12/6 = 12/6.
 Compare the fraction 2/9 and the fraction 5/9?
      

Here the denominators are similar and the result is

as follows: 2/9< 5/9
 Compare the fractions 3/7 and 3/5?
      

In this case, the numerators are similar, so the

fraction with the largest denominator is the smallest,
so the result is as follows: 3/7< 3/5

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