Problem Set 3

Exercise. 1
Write Lewis structures for the following molecules:
(a) ICl, (b) PH3, (c) P4, (d) H2S, (e) N2H4, (f) HClO3, (g) COBr2 (C is bonded to O and Br atoms).
Exercise. 2
The following Lewis structures for (a) HCN, (b) C 2H2, (c) SnO2, (d) BF3, (e) HOF, (f)HCOF, and (g) NF 3
are incorrect.
Explain what is wrong with each one and give a correct structure for the molecule. (Relative
positions of atoms are shown correctly.)

Exercise. 3
1. Write Lewis structures for SeF4 and SeF6. Is the octet rule satisfied for Se?
2. Write Lewis structures for the reaction AlCl3 + Cl-  AlCl4-
3. What kind of bond joins Al and Cl in the product?
Exercise. 4
Draw reasonable resonance structures for the following ions: (a) HSO 4-, (b) PO43-, (c) HSO3-, (d) SO32-
Exercise. 5
Compare the stability (in the solid state) of the following pairs of compounds. Assume that the
distance between the two ions is the same:
(a) LiF and LiF2 (containing the Li2+ ion),
(b) Cs2O and CsO (containing the O- ion),
(c) CaBr2 and CaBr3 (containing the Ca3+ ion).

Exercise. 6
The ionic bond length for KF is 0.217 nm.
a. Calculate the energy (in units of kJ/mol required to dissociate a single molecule of KF into
the neutral atoms K and F, using information provided above. For this calculation, assume
that the potassium and fluorine ions are point charges.

Element Ionization energy electron affinity

Potassium (K) 418 kJ/mol -48 kJ/mol
Fluorine (F) 1680 kJ/mol -328 kJ/mol
Chlorine (Cl) 1255 kJ/mol -349 kJ/mol

b. The ionic bond length for KCl is 0.267 nm. Without doing any calculations, predict whether
the energy required to dissociate a single molecule of KCl into charged atoms K+ and Cl - is
more or less than the energy required to dissociate a single molecule of KF into charged
atoms K+ and F-. Briefly explain your answer.

c. Draw an energy diagram (with energy on the y-axis and internuclear distance, r, on the x axis)
plotting a C–F and a C–I bond. You should include numbers on the y-axis. No numbers are needed
on the x-axis, but relative distances should be correct. Bond dissociation energies are 238 kJ/mol
and 484 kJ/mol for C-I and C-F respectively.

Exercise. 7
Several resonance structures for the molecule CO 2 are shown next. Explain why some of them are
likely to be of little importance in describing the bonding in
this molecule.
Exercise. 8
Experiments show that it takes 1656 kJ/mol to break all the bonds in methane (CH4) and 4006
kJ/mol to break all the bonds in propane (C3H8). Based on these data, calculate the average bond
enthalpy of the C-C bond.
Exercise .9
Calculate ∆H° for these reactions using average Bond Enthalpy assuming that all compounds are in
their gaseous state. (c-cl:346kj/mol)
H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
CH4+2O2 CO2+2H2O
C2H2+HCl C2H3Cl

Exercise. 10
Write the Lewis dot symbols of
the reactants and products in the
following reactions