BIOLOGY

1. Which of the following statements describe(s) cellular (2 points)

respiration?
I- Cytochromes act as electron carriers.
II- Oxygen is oxidized to water.
III- The reducing power of NADH and FADH2 is related
to ATP production.
◯ I only
◯ I, II and III
◯ III only
⚫ I and III
2. What happens during the 2nd phase of glycolysis? (2 points)
⚫ ATP is produced
◯ Glucose becomes DHAP
◯ CO2 is produced
◯ All of these
3. Where the pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and (2 points)
Carotenoids) are located?
◯ Crista
⚫ Thylakoid membrane
◯ Stroma
◯ Grana
4. Yellow colour of foliage in autumn is due to: (2 points)
◯ Carotenes
⚫ Lutein
◯ Ferredoxin
◯ All of these
5. The reactant(s) of anaerobic respiration is/are: (2 points)
⚫ Glucose
◯ Oxygen
◯ CO2
◯ A and B

BIOENERGETICS-TEST-01-PET-2021 (1) Composed By: M. Hanif Mahar

6. All of the following are inputs of Krebs cycle except: (2 points)
◯ None, as all of these are inputs of Krebs cycle
◯ 2 acetyl groups
◯ 6 NAD+
⚫ 2 ATP
7. The process(s) that produce(s) both NADH and FADH2 (2 points)
is/are:
◯ Electron transport system (ETC)
◯ Glycolysis
⚫ Citric acid cycle
◯ Fermentation
◯ A, B and C
8. Find the right choice for the right series of Z-scheme (2 points)
observed in photosynthesis.
⚫ Water → P680 → cytochrome bf complex → P700 → NADPH
◯ NADPH → P700 → cytochrome bf complex → P680 → water
◯ Water → P700 → cytochrome bf complex → P680 → NADPH
◯ NADPH → P680 → cytochrome bf complex → P700 → water
◯ Water → P700 → cytochrome bf complex → P680 → NADPH
9. All of the following are regarded as intermediate in (2 points)
TCA cycle except:
◯ Succinyl-CoA
⚫ Pyruvate
◯ Isocitrate
◯ Fumarate
◯ None, as A.O.T are intermediates of TCA cycle.
10. The Calvin cycle known as C3 pathway is named (2 points)
because of:
⚫ 3PGA molecule
◯ G3P
◯ GA3P
◯ All of these

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11. During the process of aerobic cellular respiration, the (2 points)
maximum no. of ATPs is generated through:
⚫ Oxidative phosphorylation
◯ Oxidation of pyruvate
◯ Krebs’s cycle
◯ Glycolysis
12. The light reaction of photosynthesis starts from the (2 points)
reaction centre of:
◯ PS-I
◯ ATP synthase complex
⚫ PS-II
◯ Ferredoxin
◯ A and C
13. What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration? (2 points)
◯ It acts as primary electron acceptor.
◯ It acts as primary electron donor.
⚫ It acts as final electron acceptor.
◯ It is an initial-product.
14. Glycolysis process is the: (2 points)
⚫ Conversion of glucose into pyruvate
◯ Conversion of glucose into Phosphoenol pyruvate
◯ Conversion of fructose into Phosphoenol pyruvate
◯ Conversion of fructose into pyruvate
15. Via TCA cycle, 1 molecule of acetyl-CoA can (2 points)
produce:
◯ 4 molecules of CO2
◯ 1 molecules of CO2
⚫ 2 molecules of CO2
◯ 6 molecules of CO2

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16. How many NADH molecules are formed by one (2 points)
glucose molecule during TCA Cycle?
⚫ 6 molecules
◯ 3 molecules
◯ 10 molecules
◯ 18 molecules
17. The extreme electrochemical gradient is observed in (2 points)
thylakoid space during the process of ATP
formation; This is due to:
◯ Equal concentration of H+ in both thylakoid space and
stroma
◯ More H+ in intermembrane space than stroma
⚫ More H+ in thylakoid space than stroma
◯ More H+ in stroma than thylakoid space
18. Light energy is converted into chemical energy by (2 points)
formation of ATP; process is:
⚫ Photophosphorylation
◯ Photolysis
◯ Photosynthesis
◯ Photorepiration
19. During Krebs cycle, what is the number of steps (2 points)
involved in release of CO2?
◯ 3 steps
⚫ 2 steps
◯ 6 steps
◯ 1step
20. During fermentation of glucose to lactate, cofactor(s) (2 points)
contribute directly in most of the redox reactions
is/are:
◯ FAD/FADH2
◯ ATP
⚫ NAD+/NADH
◯ Either A or C

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21. In electron transport chain, coenzyme-Q receives (2 points)
electrons from:
◯ NADH
◯ FADH2
◯ ATP
⚫ Both A and B
22. Light dependent reaction can produce: (2 points)
◯ NADPH and ATP in mitochondria
◯ Oxygen
⚫ Oxygen, ATP and NADPH
◯ A and C
23. The most widespread and important carotene is: (2 points)
◯ γ-carotene
⚫ β-carotene
◯ Φ-carotene
◯ α-carotene
24. Chlorophyll tails are: (2 points)
◯ Hydrophilic in nature
⚫ Hydrophobic in nature
◯ Both A and B
◯ None of these
25. In citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized by: (2 points)
◯ FAD to oxaloacetate
⚫ NAD to oxaloacetate
◯ FAD to fumarate
◯ NAD to fumarate
26. How many NADH molecules are formed during (2 points)
preparatory phase of glycolysis?
◯ 4 NADH
◯ 1 NADH
◯ 2 NADH
⚫ No NADH is formed

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27. In glycolysis, ATP formation occurs during which (2 points)
reaction(s)?
◯ Fructose 6-phosphate → Fructose I, 6-Bisphosphate
⚫ Phosphoenol pyruvate → Pyruvate
◯ Glucose → Glucose 6-phosphate
◯ A, B and C
28. NADP is a : (2 points)
◯ Carrier of –OH group
⚫ Carrier of hydrogen
◯ Carrier of O2 group
◯ Carrier of phosphate
29. Every turn of the TCA cycle produces: (2 points)
◯ One molecule of ATP
◯ One molecule of FADH2
◯ Three molecules of NADH
⚫ All of these
30. What is true about cytochrome? (2 points)
◯ Respiration requires cytochrome.
◯ Photosynthesis requires cytochrome.
⚫ Both A and B
◯ None of these
31. Reoxidation of NADH is observed during the (2 points)
conversion of:
⚫ Pyruvate → lactate
◯ Oxaloacetate → malate
◯ Isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate
◯ None of these
32. During Calvin cycle: (2 points)
◯ Glucose, ADP, NADP+, CO2 are produced
◯ ATP, NADPH, O2 are produced
◯ ADP, NADP+, O2 are produced
⚫ Glucose, ADP, NADP+ are produced
◯ ATP, NADPH, CO2 are produced
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33. Muscle fatigue is caused by: (2 points)
◯ Accumulation of pyruvic acid
◯ Accumulation of CO2
⚫ Accumulation of lactic acid
◯ Accumulation of ATP
34. Process of electron transport chain occurs in: (2 points)
◯ Outer membrane of mitochondria
⚫ Cristae of mitochondria
◯ Thylakoid lumen of chloroplast
◯ B and C
35. The electrons released in photosystem-I go on: (2 points)
◯ To undergo lysis of H2O
⚫ To reduce NADP to NADPH.
◯ To photosystem II.
◯ To be deposited on O2.
◯ To produce ATP.
36. The pathway that utilizes both Photosystem I and (2 points)
Photosystem II is:
◯ Glycolysis
◯ Cyclic electron pathway
◯ Calvin-Benson cycle
⚫ Non-cyclic electron pathway
◯ Both B and D
37. What is the net gain of TCA cycle when 2 molecules (2 points)
of acetyl CoA enter into it (TCA cycle)?
◯ 12 NADH2 + 4 FADH2 + 4 GTP
◯ 3 NADH2 + 2 FADH2 + 1 GTP
◯ 3 NADH2 + 1 FADH2 + 1 GTP
⚫ 6 NADH2 + 2 FADH2 + 2 GTP
◯ 3 NADH2 + 3 FADH2 + 3 GTP
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38.

◯A
⚫B
◯C
◯D
◯E
39. Which one of the following products is unrelated to (2 points)
electron transport?
⚫ Oxygen
◯ NAD+
◯ Water
◯ FAD
◯ ATP
40. In ETC, what is the right arrangement of series of (2 points)
cytochromes?
I- Cytochrome a3, II-Cytochrome a, III-Cytochrome c,
IV-Cytochrome b
◯ III → II → I → II
⚫ IV → III → II → I
◯ II → I → III → IV
◯ IV → II → III → I
41. Which molecule(s) chiefly absorb(s) light energy and (2 points)
convert it to chemical energy in photosynthesis?
◯ Cytochrome
⚫ Chlorophyll a
◯ Xanthophyll
◯ All of these
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42. The head of chlorophyll molecule consists of: (2 points)
◯ N in the centre
⚫ Mg in the centre
◯ Fe in the centre
◯ Cl in the centre
43. The production of O2 from water provides an: (2 points)
◯ Electron first for cytochrome bf complex
◯ Electron first for plastocyanin
⚫ Electron first for photosystem II
◯ Electron first for photosystem I
44. The correct order of electron flow during (2 points)
photosynthesis is:
◯ NADPH → electron transport chain → O2
⚫ H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle
◯ NADPH → O2 → CO2
◯ NADPH → chlorophyll → Calvin cycle
◯ H2O → photosystem I → photosystem II
45. In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced via: (2 points)
⚫ Substrate level phosphorylation
◯ Oxidative phosphorylation
◯ Decarboxylation
◯ Chemiosmosis
46. Which one of the following components synthesized (2 points)
during glycolysis is/are utilized during alcoholic
fermentation is/are.
⚫ NADH2
◯ ATP
◯ CO2
◯ All of these

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47. In the first step of glycolysis: (2 points)
◯ Glucose is converted into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
◯ Glucose is converted into phosphoenol pyruvate
⚫ Glucose is converted into glucose-6-phosphate
◯ Glucose is converted into dihydroxyacetone phosphate
48. In the second step alcoholic fermentation, (2 points)
acetaldehyde is converted into ethanol and:
◯ FAD+ is produced.
◯ O2 is produced.
⚫ NAD+ is produced.
◯ Either A or C
49. Carotenoids absorb light in: (2 points)
◯ Red-brown pigments
◯ Yellow-orange pigments
⚫ Blue-violet range
◯ Both A and B
50. The role of NADPH in photosynthesis is: (2 points)
◯ To store CO2
◯ To store light
⚫ To store energy
◯ To store water
51. During the process of glycolysis, the conversion of 1 (2 points)
molecule of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to 2
molecules of pyruvic acid results in a net production
of:
◯ 1molecule of NAD+ and 2 molecules of ATP
◯ 2 molecules of NAD+ and 4 molecule of ATP
⚫ 2 molecules of NADH and 4 molecule of ATP
◯ 1molecule of NADH and 1 molecules of ATP
◯ 2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecule of ATP

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52. The correct sequence of formation of (2 points)
compounds (few) in Krebs’s cycle is:
◯ Fumarate ⟹ Malate ⟹Succinate ⟹OAA
◯ Malate ⟹Fumarate ⟹Succinate ⟹OAA
⚫ Succinate ⟹Fumarate ⟹Malate ⟹OAA
◯ Succinyl CoA ⟹Succinate ⟹Malate ⟹OAA
◯ Succinate ⟹Malate ⟹Fumarate ⟹OAA
53. What is the input for the process of glycolysis? (2 points)
◯2 NADH2 molecules
◯2 pyruvic acid molecules
⚫2 ATP molecules
◯2 acetyl CoA
◯2 FADH2 molecules
54. Carotenoids are: (2 points)
⚫Terpenoid-lipids
◯Cellulose-polysaccharides
◯Steroid-lipids
◯Globular proteins
55. Which of the following events is/are not related to (2 points)
pay-off phase of glycolysis?
I- Oxidation of NADH to NAD
II- Use of inorganic phosphate
III- ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis
◯I, II and III are related to pay-off phase
⚫I and III
◯ III only
◯ I only

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56.

◯A
◯B
⚫C
◯D
57. How many molecules of G3P are used to regenerate (2 points)
CO2 acceptor?
◯3 molecules
⚫5 molecules
◯6 molecules
◯None of these
58. Respiration releases energy as it is an ______F_____ (2 points)
. The energy is stored in _____G_____.
◯F=Endergonic process; G= ATP molecules
◯F=Exergonic process; G= Glucose molecules
⚫F=Exergonic process; G= ATP molecules
◯F=Endergonic process; G= Glucose molecules
59. Before entering into citric acid cycle, firstly (2 points)
decarboxylation of:
◯CoA to pyruvate to occurs.
⚫Pyruvate to acetyl aldehyde occurs.
◯Acetyl CoA to oxaloacetic acid occurs.
◯Pyruvate to an oxaloacetic acid occurs.

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60. (2 points)

◯A
⚫B
◯C
◯D
61. The stage of cellular respiration for which oxygen is (2 points)
not needed is:
⚫ Glycolysis
◯Electron transport chain
◯Krebs cycle
◯None of these
62. All of the following are produced during TCA cycle except:
⚫Pyruvic acid
◯FADH2
◯NADH
◯ GTP
63. In glycolysis, during the process of oxidation: (2 points)
⚫Electrons are removed by NAD+
◯Electrons are removed by ATP
◯Electrons are removed by molecular oxygen
◯Electrons are removed by glucose
64. TCA cycle and glycolysis are: (2 points)
◯Linked by pyruvic acid
◯Linked by ATP
⚫Linked by acetyl coenzyme A
◯ Linked by CO2

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65. In ETC, cytochrome oxidase complex receives (2 points)
electrons from:
◯Coenzyme-Q
◯ Cytochrome bf complex
◯FADH dehydrogenase complex
⚫Cytochrome-c
66. Photosynthesis is oxidation reduction process (2 points)
during which:
⚫Water is reduced and CO2 is oxidize
◯Both CO2 and water are oxidized
◯Water is oxidized and CO2 is reduced
◯Both CO2 and water are reduced
67. NADP+ + H+= NADPH (2 points)
This reaction is catalyzed by which enzyme?
◯NADP+ dehydrogenase
◯ATPase
◯ATP synthase
⚫NADP+ reductase
68. Find true statement about cellular respiration. (2 points)
◯CO2 is oxidized; O2 is reduced
◯HO2 is oxidized; CO2 is reduced
◯C6H12O6 is oxidized; CO2 is reduced
◯O2 is oxidized; C6H12O6 is reduced
⚫C6H12O6 is oxidized; O2 is reduced
69. The process that reduces molecular oxygen to water is:
◯ Fermentation
◯Glycolysis
⚫Electron transport system (ETC)
◯Citric acid cycle

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70. Find the correct order for the stages of the Calvin (2 points)
cycle.
◯Regeneration → Carboxylation → Reduction
⚫Carboxylation → Reduction → Regeneration
◯Reduction → Carboxylation → Regeneration
◯Carboxylation → Regeneration → Reduction
71. The enzymes required in glycolysis are present in: (2 points)
◯Matrix of mitochondria
⚫Cell cytoplasm
◯Chloroplast
◯ Inner mitochondrial membrane
72. ATPs are not yielded by: (2 points)
◯Glycolysis
◯Oxidative Phosphorylation
⚫Link Reaction
◯Krebs Cycle
73. Which one of the following is not a product of (2 points)
fermentation?
⚫Oxygen
◯ Ethanol
◯Lactate
◯None, as A.O.T are products of fermentation
◯Carbon dioxide
74. The anaerobic conversion of 1 mol of glucose to 2 (2 points)
molecules of lactatic acid plus:
◯Net gain of 1 molecules of ATP
◯Net gain of 2 molecules of NADH
⚫Net gain of 2 molecules of ATP
◯Both B and C

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75. The correct option about light-independent reaction is: (2 points)
◯It is the first stage of photosynthesis.
◯ It creates energy rich NADPH & ATP.
◯It uses CO2 for protein production.
⚫ It utilizes the stored energy in NADPH & ATP.
76. We take in oxygen during breathing; it is changed into:
⚫Water
◯CO2
◯Glucose
◯None of these
77. Find the right statement about light independent (2 points)
reaction of photosynthesis.
I. Produces the reduced coenzyme NADH.
II. Is the main source of ATP in photosynthesis.
III. Converts carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.
⚫III only
◯ II only
◯I only
◯I, II and III
78.

◯A
◯B
⚫C
◯D

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79. The end product of oxidative phosphorylation is/are: (2 points)
◯ADP + CO2
⚫ATP + H2O
◯Oxygen
◯NADH and FADH2
80. The molecule produced in glycolysis and used in (2 points)
anaerobic respiration is:
◯CO2
◯Water
◯Glucose
⚫ Pyruvic acid
81. In light independent state of photosynthesis, the CO2 (2 points)
acceptor is:
◯Hexose sugar
◯Rubisco
⚫Ribulose bisphosphate
◯Glycerate-3-phosphate
82. What is true about carotenoids? (2 points)
I- They protect chlorophyll-a from excessive light.
II- They act as primary pigment.
III- They attract birds for pollination.
◯I, II and III
◯II only
⚫I and III
◯I only
83. Cyclic photophosphorylation involves: (2 points)
⚫PS-I
◯PS-II
◯PS-I and PS-II
◯None of these

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84. After CO2 fixation in Calvin cycle, which immediate (2 points)
product is synthesized?
◯Stable 6-carbon compound
◯Unstable 5-carbon compound
◯Unstable 3-carbon compound
⚫None of these
85. Carbon dioxide is richly found in: (2 points)
⚫Stroma
◯Thylakoid
◯Intermembrane space of chloroplast
◯None of these
86. Coenzyme-A has: (2 points)
⚫2 carbon atoms
◯1 carbon atom
◯5 carbon atoms
◯3 carbon atoms
◯4 carbon atoms
87. No. of NADH molecules produced on every turn of (2 points)
the citric acid cycle is:
◯ 4 NADH
◯6 NADH
◯1 NADH
⚫2 NADH

88. The step that reflects the beginning of (2 points)

photosynthesis is:
◯High energy electrons move through electron transport chain.
⚫Pigments in photosystem II absorb light.
◯ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid
membrane.
◯Pigments in photosystem I absorb light.

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89. Water (6H2O) is one of the product of photosynthesis; (2 points)
in water(H2O), 'O' comes from:

⚫CO2
◯C6H12O6
◯H2O
◯All of these

90. Ribulose bisphosphate is a: (2 points)

◯6 carbon molecule
◯3 carbon molecule
◯2 carbon molecule
⚫5 carbon molecule
◯1 carbon molecule

91. FAD plays role as an electron acceptor in between: (2 points)

◯Fumarate and Malate

◯Citric acid and isocitrate
⚫Succinate and Fumarate
◯Malate and oxaloacetate

92. Between activated P680 and P700, photosystems (2 points)

consist of which electron carrier(s)?

◯Plastoquinone
◯Phaeophytin
◯Ferredoxin
⚫A and B
◯A, B and C

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93. All of the following events occur during the light (2 points)
dependent reactions of photosynthesis except:

◯ATP is produced
◯Oxygen is produced
◯NADPH is produced
◯None, as all of these occur in light dependent reactions
⚫Glucose is produced

94. Via TCA cycle, 1 molecule of acetyl-CoA can produce: (2 points)

◯1 mol of citrate
◯1 mol of NADH
◯1 mol of oxaloacetate
⚫1 mol of FADH2

95. What is related to this phase: (2 points)

Pyruvate → Acetyl CoA

◯FAD+ → FADH
⚫NAD+ → NADH
◯FADH → FAD + H+
◯NADH → NADH + H+

96. Succinyl CoA has: (2 points)

◯3 carbon atoms
◯5 carbon atoms
◯1 carbon atom
◯2 carbon atoms
⚫4 carbon atoms

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97. What is true about NADPH? (2 points)

◯It is called as reducing power.

◯ It is formed during non-cyclic photophosphorylation.
⚫Both A and B
◯None of these

98. The last substrate used in the glycolysis is: (2 points)

⚫Phosphoenol pyruvate
◯Glyceraldehyde
◯Pyruvic acid
◯2 phosphoglycerate

99. In respiratory chain, the carrier of electrons are (2 points)

located on:

◯Matrix of mitochondria
◯Cytoplasmic matrix
⚫Inner membrane of mitochondria
◯Outer membrane of mitochondria

100. How many FADH2 molecules are synthesized during (2 points)

the process of glycolysis?

◯1 molecule
◯2 molecules
⚫No molecule
◯3 molecules

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