Good afternoon/morning everyone. I am Mika Madrona and I am Hanna Mae Gayanes.

We will tackle
the myth and spirit: The Changing image of Jose Rizal by SMITA LAHIRI

HANNA

Slide 3

● One counter response has been to attempt to demythify. Rizal the hero and return to the
man himself, or more precisely to the writings-on topics as diverse as pre-colonial Philippine
history and epidemiology-through which he aimed to build a national consciousness.

Explanation: But ironically, the posthumous cults and legends about Rizal (which he would surely never
have intended or desired) show that his death did even more to achieve this objective than his life's
work. But when I arrived in the Philippines in 1997, I learned that for the past couple of decades Rizalista
churches with their charismatic leadership, prayer sessions, songs, and collective healing sessions
invoking the curing power of Rizal have been in decline. While some have been disbanded, others have
lost members due to internecine squabbles or failure to attract younger followers. This has sent older
followers, in the words of one elderly Rizalista, "crawling into the woodwork."

MIKA

● She put Rizal out of his mind altogether and settled down to begin research on pilgrimage
and local identity on Mt. Banahaw, just south of the Rizalist heartland of Laguna.

Explanation: But before many months had passed, SMITHA LAHIRI stumbled across José Rizal in
another guise that was not the novelist, the urban ilustrado, or the martyred Christ-figure. Instead, as
pilgrims and healers recounted their mystical dream encounters with divinities and spirits, SHE began to
hear more and more about Amang Doktor (Father-Doctor), a cantankerous spirit who appears to certain
people as a wizened old man hunched over a walking stick. Although in appearance he is nothing like the
handsome young man with the wave of hair over his forehead, according to HIS OR HER informants they
are one and the same: Amang Doktor José Rizal. The spirit of the young patriot who was martyred at
thirty-three has apparently grown old.

nakita ni smitha lahiri si jose rizal sa ibang anyo ngunit hindi ito ang nobalesta, ang urban ilustrado,... at

habang isinasalaysay ng mga manlalakbay at mga

manggagamot ang kanilang mahiwagang panaginip na
nakatagpo ng mga diyos at espiritu, si smitha lahiri ay
nagsimulang makarinig ng higit at higit pa tungkol kay
Amang Doktor (Ama-Doktor) ito ay isang matandang
lalaki

HANNA
 ● None of her informants who had met Amang Doktor had much familiarity with Rizal's
writings or achievements as national hero beyond the basic contours of his life: his birth in
Calamba, medical training in Europe, achievement of international renown, and finally, his
execution by the Spanish.

Explanation: the relationship between the myth of Rizal as Filipino savior and Amang Doktor the spirit
was an ambiguous one. Like the former, Amang Doktor was not only a healer but a quasi-divine
dispenser of wisdom about the past and the future. But his aged form and peremptory personality
suggested that he did not resemble Christ so much as he did a rather crotchety old saint. To make
matters more complicated, several people presented to me the theory, sometimes based upon personal
communication, that Amang Doktor was the distinctive form assumed for the Philippines by the Holy
Spirit. One such person was Mama Rose, a middle-aged woman who had left her comfortable life in a
prosperous ethnic-Chinese family in Manila to become the founder of a mystical church at Mt. Banahaw.
According to her, the life and career of José Rizal was only a brief but important interlude in the ancient
history of Amang Doktor or the Holy Spirit, whose other titles included Engkanto de Dyos or "God's
Enchanter." Instead of appearing in Mama Rose's dreams, Amang Doktor spoke to her directly and
passed on messages and instructions to her followers. In accordance with Amang Doktor's wishes,
devotees in Mama Rose's church took oaths of chastity, dressed modestly in white, abstained from
eating meat, and spent six to eight hours a day on their knees, singing and worshipping the Four
Persons-for Filipino folk-theology adds to the Trinity by positing four divinities: the Father, the Mother
(who is distinct from the Virgin Mary), the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

MIKA

● The overlap between what she has called the "mythic" Rizal of the Rizalistas and the spirit
Rizal or Amang Doktor thus made the drawing of a sharp distinction between them
particularly problematic.

Explanation: Lahiri became more familiar with Amang Doktor, She came to believe that his very
existence and character also referred to the two other figures she have mentioned-Rizal the ilustrado
writer and Rizal the nationalist hero-perhaps even conveying a ghostly commentary upon them. But as
she mulled over the echoes and reverberations amongst these multiple figures of Rizal-writer, hero,
myth, and spirit-she little thought that she might one day witness a direct encounter between any of
them.

SUMMARY

a myth was created about Rizal. The myth is about the national hero
resurrecting from his hiding place within Mt. Makiling in Calamba, Laguna,
his birthplace. This is continuously believed by the Rizalistas after death. Rizal
is believed to be a spirit who continuously appears in front of his believers,
performing miracles that heal certain illnesses. Thus, Rizal was entitled with
the name “Amang Doktor”. His appearance as Amang Doktor, who showed
himself as a wizened old man, made his followers such as Mama Rose to
worship Rizal as a Filipino Christ, resulting in her to leave from her luxurious
life and to establish a church of her own. Lastly, there is a problematic
situation that lies within Rizal being referred to as a writer, hero, myth and
spirit. Rizal is known for his two novels, nicknamed Noli and Fili, that hugely
contributes in awakening the nationalistic spirit of Filipinos. On one hand,
Rizal as a “mythic” focuses more on Rizal as a hero more than as a writer. On
the other hand, Rizal as a spirit in the presence of Amang Doktor emphasizes
Rizal more as a writer, specifically as an ilustrado who guides and offers
wisdom to his believers.