3/1/2022

http://globalfirstsandfacts.com/2019/03/05/johannes-
gutenberg/

https://makeawebsitehub.com/social-media-sites/

INFORMATION AGE - the modern age

http://globalfirstsandfacts.com/2019/03/05/johannes-
gutenberg/
regarded as a time in which information has
become a commodity that is quickly and widely
disseminated and easily available especially
through the use of computer technology .
( https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Information%20Age )

DIGITAL AGE otherwise referred to as the

Information Age, a historic period in the 21st
century characterized by the rapid shift from
traditional industry that the Industrial
Revolution brought through industrialization, to
https://www.dreamstime.com/information-
age-word-concepts-banner-infographics-
linear-icons-turquoise-background-new-

an economy based on information technology.

media-period-human-history-
image187770552
https://makeawebsitehub.com/social-media-sites/
( https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/resource -sharing/7562 )

1
 3/1/2022

Information: The New Language of Science

Reference : https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/36251/hans-christian-von-baeyer

Hans Christian von Baeyer is Chancellor Professor of Physics at the

College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia.
 He is the recipient of the Science Journalism Award of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science and the National
Magazine Award. His previous books include The Fermi Solution:
Essays on Science; Taming the Atom: The Emergence of the Visible
Microworld; and Rainbows, Snowflakes, and Quarks: Physics and the
https://www.dreamstime.com/information-
age-word-concepts-banner-infographics-
World Around Us.
linear-icons-turquoise-background-new-
media-period-human-history-
image187770552

Information: The New Language of Science

Reference : https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.epl?ISBN=97 80674013872
 Information is 'poised' to replace matter as the
Information is poised to replace matter as the primary stuff of the universe, primary stuff of the universe
von Baeyer suggests; it will provide a new basic framework for describing  Information will provide a new basic framework for
describing and predicting reality in the twenty-first
and predicting reality in the twenty-first century. Despite its revolutionary
century.
premise, von Baeyer's book is written simply in a straightforward fashion,  Information theory
offering a wonderfully accessible introduction to classical and quantum  Information science (also known as information
studies)
information.
Hans Christian von Bayer is well known for explaining the complexities of
science to the rest of us, and in this book he lives up to his reputation by
taking on one of the most difficult concepts around--information. https://www.alamy.com/stock-
photo-society-social-media-social-
networking-connection-concept-
126064534.html

2

According to Merriam – Webster – Social Media – as
a forms of electronic communication (such as
websites for social networking and microblogging)
through which users create online communities to
share information, ideas, personal messages, and
other content (such as videos).
https://www.alamy.com/stock-
photo-society-social-media-social-
networking-connection-concept-
126064534.html
https://www.alamy.com/stock-
photo-society-social-media-social-
networking-connection-concept-
126064534.html
3/1/2022
https://www.alamy.com/stock-
photo-society-social-media-social-
networking-connection-concept-
126064534.html
Mark W. Schaefer is a globally-recognized educator,
keynote speaker, business consultant, and an author.
15 Amazing Ways Social Media is
Changing the World
By Mark W. Schaefer
1. Social media is not making us more individualistic
2. Social media is an important catalyst to education
3. Selfies send different messages around the world
4. Equality online doesn’t mean equality offline https://www.alamy.com/stock-
photo-society-social-media-social-
5. It’s the people who use social media who create it, networking-connection-concept-
not the developers of platforms 126064534.html
3
 3/1/2022

15 Amazing Ways Social Media is Changing the

World By Mark W. Schaefer
REFERENCES:
Bautista, et al, Science , Technology and Society.Quezon City: MaxCor Publishing House Inc., 2018 ( p 138 , 141 )
6. Public social media is conservative Serafica, et al, Science Technology and Society 1st edition : Manila: Rex Bookstore , Inc. , 2018 (p 105 )

7. We now “talk” through photos https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.epl?ISBN=9780674013872

8. Social media is not making the world more
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/89595832/james-robert-messenger
homogenous
https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/36251/hans-christian-von-baeyer
9. Social media best promotes personal commerce.
10. Social media has created a new genre of https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Information%20Age

communication based on groups. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/social%20media

11. Social media is somewhere we live https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/resource-sharing/7562
12. Social media can have a profound impact on gender
relations https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-society-social-media-social-networking-connection-concept-126064534.html
13. Conversations and relationships are polymedia https://www.alamy.com/stock-
https://www.dreamstime.com/information-age-word-concepts-banner-infographics-linear-icons-turquoise-
14. Memes have become our moral police photo-society-social-media-social-
background-new-media-period-human-history-image187770552
networking-connection-concept-
15. Social media is a threat to privacy, but can also 126064534.html https://makeawebsitehub.com/social-media-sites
provide privacy http://globalfirstsandfacts.com/2019/03/05/johannes-gutenberg

BIODIVERSITY and the HEALTH SOCIETY BIODIVERSITY and the HEALTH SOCIETY

BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity
 is defined as the vast variety of life forms in the entire earth.  BIO = Life
 refers to all species and living things on Earth or in a specific ecosystem.
 DIVERSITY = Variety
Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth at all its levels , from genes to ecosystem, and the  The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or
ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain it. ( Bynum, 2012 ) ecosystem
Biodiversity is the source of the essential goods and ecological services that constitute the
source of life for all and it has direct consumptive value in food, agriculture, medicine, and in
industry. ( Villaggio Globale , 2009 ).

4
 3/1/2022

BIODIVERSITY and the HEALTH SOCIETY BIODIVERSITY and the HEALTH SOCIETY
Types of Biodiversity

● Genetic Diversity – to the range of different inherited traits within species.

Biodiversity Loss
Reduction in the number of:
● Species Diversity – simply the number and relative abundance of species found in a Genes
given biological organization. Individual
Organisms
● Ecosystem diversity – diversity between different region.
Species
 Eco system – a large community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in a Ecosystem
particular area

BIODIVERSITY and the HEALTH SOCIETY BIODIVERSITY and the HEALTH SOCIETY

The expansion of health into every aspect of

People depend on biodiversity in their daily lives.
everyday life and politics and as an essential Human health ultimately depends upon ecosystem products and services
component of the market and household (such as availability of fresh water, food and fuel sources) which are requisite
expenditure is captured with the term ‘health for good human health and productive livelihoods.
society’. Biodiversity loss can have significant direct human health impacts if ecosystem
services are no longer adequate to meet social needs. Indirectly, changes in
ecosystem services affect livelihoods, income, local migration and, on
occasion, may even cause or exacerbate political conflict.

5

BIODIVERSITY and the HEALTH SOCIETY
Threats to biodiversity and health
Biodiversity loss also means that we are losing many of nature's
chemicals and genes, of the kind that have already provided humankind with
enormous health benefits.
Nutritional impact of biodiversity
Biodiversity plays a crucial role in human nutrition through its influence
on world food production, as it ensures the sustainable productivity of soils and
provides the genetic resources for all crops, livestock, and marine species
harvested for food. Access to a sufficiency of a nutritious variety of food is a
fundamental determinant of health.
BIODIVERSITY and the HEALTH SOCIETY
Climate change, Biodiversity and Health
 Climate is an integral part of ecosystem functioning and human health is
impacted directly and indirectly by results of climatic conditions upon terrestrial
and marine ecosystems.
 Marine biodiversity is affected by ocean acidification related to levels of carbon
in the atmosphere.
 Terrestrial biodiversity is influenced by climate variability, such as extreme
weather events (i.e drought, flooding) that directly influence ecosystem health
and the productivity and availability of ecosystem goods and services for
human use.
3/1/2022
BIODIVERSITY and the HEALTH SOCIETY
Importance of biodiversity for health research and traditional medicine
 Traditional medicine continues to play an essential role in health care, especially
in primary health care.
 Medicinal plant use is the most common medication tool in traditional medicine
and complementary medicine worldwide.
 Medicinal plants are supplied through collection from wild populations and
cultivation. Many communities rely on natural products collected from
ecosystems for medicinal and cultural purposes, in addition to food.
BIODIVERSITY and the HEALTH SOCIETY
The Importance of BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity is extremely important to people, society and the health of the
ecosystems.
 Provides food and medicines
 Can aid ecosystem stability
 Aesthetic and existence values are important
Impact of Biodiversity to Human Health
 Human health ultimately depends upon ecosystem products and services like food,
availability of fresh water and fuel sources ) which are necessary for health .
 Biodiversity loss can have significant direct impact to human health if ecosystem
services and products are no longer sufficient meet to all the needs.
6
 3/1/2022

BIODIVERSITY and the HEALTH SOCIETY

Specific Pressures and Linkages of Biodiversity References:
 It has crucial role in human health
* access to sufficiency of a nutritious variety of food is a fundamental
determinant of health. https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-biodiversity-what -is-it-definition-protection-loss-and-csr-commitments /
 It has essential role in primary health care ( PHC )
* traditional medicines plays an essential role in health care, especially PHC.
• Serafica, et al, Science Technology and Society 1 st edition : Manila: Rex
 It reduces abundance of some organisms Bookstore , Inc. , 2018 (p 123 )
* human activities are disturbing both the structure and functions of ecosystem
and altering native biodiversity. • Ariola, Mariano M. Science, Technology and Society. Manila : Unlimited
Books Library Services & Publishing Inc., 2018 (p 94-95)
 It provides numerous ecosystem services
* biodiversity provides numerous ecosystem services that are crucial to human
well-being at present and in the future. • Bautista, et al, Science , Technology and Society.Quezon City: MaxCor
Publishing House Inc., 2018 ( p 128-130 )

GMO is a term for an organism created through genetic

engineering.
The World Health Organization ( WHO, 2014 ) defines GMO as
Genetically an “organism “ , either plant, animal and microorganisms, in which
the genetic material ( DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid ) has been
Modified altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating or
natural recombination.
Organism
Jens Martensson

Genetic engineering is the process of using recombinant DNA

(rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism.
( GMO )

28

7
 3/1/2022

Most of the GMO crops grown today were developed to help Benefits of GMO
farmers prevent crop loss. 1. Higher efficiency in farming
The three most common traits found in GMO crops are: 2. Increase in harvest
 Resistance to insect damage 3. Control in fertility
 Tolerance to herbicides 4. Increase in food processing

Jens Martensson

Jens Martensson
 Resistance to plant viruses 5. Improvement of desirable characteristics
6. Nutritional and pharmaceutical enhancements
7. Reduce use of fertilizer and pesticides
The most common GMO crops were developed to address the
needs of farmers, but in turn they can help foods become more
accessible and affordable for consumers. Some GMO crops were
developed specifically to benefit consumers.

29 30

Potential Risk of GMO GMOs - political and ethical concerns

Human Consumption might have Reference: https://www.gardenorganic.org.uk/gmos-political-and-ethical-concer ns
the following effects:
1. More allergic reactions “GM crops are not about feeding the world but about patented
* GMO may trigger allergic reactions as side effects of gene ownership of the food supply”
Jens Martensson

Jens Martensson

alteration. GMO Myths and Truths, 2015

2. Gene mutations • Even if we ignore the environmental and health concerns for GM crops,
* GMO food may develop abnormalities and mutations, more there are other issues which give rise to concern. One is the claim that
than the desired products of gene alterations. genetically engineered crops are the only way to feed the world. The
other is the control of the world’s food supply by just a few
3. Antibiotic resistance agribusinesses.
* GMO food contains antibiotic –resistant genes; this may • The seeds from GM crops are patented by the agribusinesses who
cause disease causing bacteria likely to be more antibiotic resistant. produced them. Farmers are forbidden to save their seed. This means that
4. Nutritional value 1.4 billion poorer farmers – especially in Africa - who traditionally saved
and shared seed from one harvest to the next, could be tied into buying
* GMO food may have change in their nutritional value. 31 new seed every year. At a price set by the GM seed producer. 32

8
 3/1/2022

References:
THE
• Serafica, et al, Science Technology and Society 1 st edition : Manila: Rex
Bookstore , Inc. , 2018 (p 139, 140 ,141 )
NANO WORLD

Jens Martensson
https://www.gardenorganic.org.uk/gmos-political-and-ethical-
concerns
NANOTECHNOLOGY
https://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/how-gmo-crops-
impact-our-world

https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Genetic-Engineering

33

The Latin word of NANO “ nenus” which means HOW CAN NANOTECHNOLOGY
dwarf. NANOWORLD literally means “small world “. IMPACT OUR LIVES?
ROLE of NANOTECHNOLOGY APRIL 24, 2019 BY DISPATCH
https://wp.nyu.edu/dispatch/2019/04/24/how-can-nanotechnology-impact-our-lives/
Nanotechnology is now aiding and revolutionizing  Faster and more powerful computers, which consume less power.
different aspects of S & T such as environmental Modern computers have longer-lasting batteries. Circuits, which are
science, information technology, medical science, made from carbon nanotubes, aim to maintain computer power.
 People get access to much faster, more accurate, and functional
energy, transportation, internal security, food safety medical diagnostic equipment. Have you heard about the technology
and those related to human and environmental called “Lab-on-a-chip”, which enables testing in real time and
health. speeds up delivery of urgent medical care? All nanomaterial
surfaces, which are used for producing modern implants resist any
kind of infection.

9

HOW CAN NANOTECHNOLOGY
IMPACT OUR LIVES?
APRIL 24, 2019 BY DISPATCH
https://wp.nyu.edu/dispatch/2019/04/24/how-can-nanotechnology-impact-our-lives/
 Pharmaceutical products contain nanopar ticles, which improve
their absorption within our bodies. They are also used to
deliver chemotherapy drugs to the affected cancer cells.
 Nanotechnology helps to improve vehicle fuel efficiency. The
vehicle parts which are made from nanocomposite materials
are lighter, stronger, and more chemically resistant comparing
to metal.
 Nanoparticles in fabrics are stain, water, and flame resistance.
they do not increase such properties of fabrics as weight,
thickness, or stiffness.
HOW CAN NANOTECHNOLOGY
IMPACT OUR LIVES?
APRIL 24, 2019 BY DISPATCH
https://wp.nyu.edu/dispatch/2019/04/24/how-can-nanotechnology-impact-our-lives/
 Cosmetics industry suspend and encapsulate various ingredients into
nanospheres and nanoemulsions. Specialists claim that they help
increase their penetration into our skin. You might not know but
many cosmetic products use nanomaterials in some forms. For
example, L’Oreal has developed an anti-wrinkle cream, which
contains polymer nanocapsules for better delivery of active
ingredients into deeper layers of skin.
 Drink bottles are also made from plastics, which contains nanoclays.
It gives good resistance to permeation by oxygen and moisture.
 In medicine, nanosensors help to identify particular cells/substances
in the body.
3/1/2022
HOW CAN NANOTECHNOLOGY
IMPACT OUR LIVES?
APRIL 24, 2019 BY DISPATCH
https://wp.nyu.edu/dispatch/2019/04/24/how-can-nanotechnology-impact-our-lives/
 Water filters (15-20 nanometers) are able to remove all
viruses and bacteria. This is an innovative cost-efficient water
treatment systems. Many countries need urgently to get the
quality of drinking water improved
 Carbon nanotubes make our sports equipment stronger and
the weight of it lighter.
 Modern sunscreens, which are made from nanoparticles,
absorb light more efficiently, including the dangerous
ultraviolet range.
NANOTECHNOLOGY: Is It Safe?
https://www.understandingnano.com/nanotechnology-safety.html
Because so much of nanotechnology is new or still under development,
various safety concerns have been raised about the safety of
nanomaterials. Here are a few examples:
 When mice inhale carbon nanotubes, the material has been shown to
lodge in their lungs, in a pattern similar to asbestos. What is not known
is whether inhaled carbon nanotubes can cause cancer.
 If nanoparticles used in creams such as sunscreens could penetrate the
outer layer of skin would they cause damage to cells in the body? We
found a variety of opinions on this question. To find the answer, the US
National Center for Toxicological Research is conducting studies of the
toxicity of the nanoparticles used in suncreens.
 Can nanoparticles used in cleaning products cause damage to the
environment? Perhaps. One study by researchers at Purdue University
found that silver nanoparticles suspended in a solution were toxic to
minnows.
10
 3/1/2022

REFERENCES:

• Ariola, Mariano M. Science, Technology and Society. Manila : Unlimited

Books Library Services & Publishing Inc., 2018 (p 112, 113)

https://wp.nyu.edu/dispatch/2019/04/24/how-can-nanotechnology-impact-our-lives/
The Gene Therapy

Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this proposal or quotati on. 42

Gene Therapy is a method of treating and preventing diseases by replacing , There are several approaches of Gene Therapy: The following according to
repairing , or turning on or off of genes of a patient’s cells. ( Fliesler, 2017 ) .

Gene Therapy is when DNA is introduced into a patient to treat a genetic disease. The  Replacement of mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy of
new DNA usually contains a functioning gene to correct the effects of a disease-causing
gene.
mutation.
 Inactivation of a mutated gene that is functioning improperly
 Introducing a new gene into the body to help fight disease.
* A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are
made up of DNA.
A gene therapy cannot be directly inserted to human gene or cell. A gene is
inserted into another gene using a carrier or a vector.

Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this proposal or quotati on. 43 Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this proposal or quotati on. 44

11
 3/1/2022

The two main types of Gene Therapy: Benefits of Gene Therapy

1. Somatic gene therapy
2. Reproductive gene therapy or the germ-line cell therapy 1. It offers cure to several disease like cancer, Parkinson’s disease,
AIDS, asthma, diabetes, heart disease as well as hereditary diseases.
Somatic gene therapy – those which are not related to reproductive gene 2. It can replace defective cells.
therapy. Basically the introduction of genes to cells in a target organ to produce
enzymes which are needed by the body to functions well, but doesn’t alter the 3. It has promising potential not only in the field of medicine but in some
genetic makeup of the organism. other fields like agriculture.

Reproductive gene therapy or the germ-line cell therapy – basically the

introduction of corrective genes to sperm cells, egg cells or even zygotes . The
main goal is to eliminate the abnormalities that can possibly be transmitted to
the offspring.

Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this proposal or quotati on. 45 Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this proposal or quotati on. 46

Disadvantages of Gene Therapy Ethical Issues of Gene Therapy

( Genetics Home Reference, 2017 )
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/therapy/ethics/
1. Modifying organisms means modifying its capabilities.
2. Viral vectors could recover its ability to cause disease.
Because gene therapy involves making changes to the body’s set of basic instructions,
3. It can damage the gene pool resulting to a multigene disorder. it raises many unique ethical concerns. The ethical questions surrounding gene
therapy include:
4. High cost
5. Ethical issues  How can “good” and “bad” uses of gene therapy be distinguished?
 Who decides which traits are normal and which constitute a disability or disorder?
 Will the high costs of gene therapy make it available only to the wealthy?
 Could the widespread use of gene therapy make society less accepting of people
who are different?
 Should people be allowed to use gene therapy to enhance basic human traits such
as height, intelligence, or athletic ability?

Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this proposal or quotati on. 47 Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this proposal or quotati on. 48

12
 3/1/2022

References:
• Bautista, et al, Science , Technology and Society.Quezon City: MaxCor
Publishing House Inc., 2018 ( p 156)

• Serafica, et al, Science Technology and Society 1st edition : Manila: Rex
Bookstore , Inc. , 2018 (p 166, 167 )

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/gene/

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/therapy/ethics /

CLIMATE CHANGE
https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-gene-therapy

https://poweredtemplate.com/01462/0/index.html
PoweredTemplate.com

Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this proposal or quotati on. 49

WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE? WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?

https://climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming-vs-climate-change/ https://climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming-vs-climate-change/

• Climate change is a long-term change in the • Changes observed in Earth’s climate since the
average weather patterns that have come to early 20th century are primarily driven by human
define Earth’s local, regional and global activities, particularly fossil fuel burning, which
climates. These changes have a broad range increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in
of observed effects that are synonymous with Earth’s atmosphere, raising Earth’s average
the term. surface temperature. These human-produced
temperature increases are commonly referred to
as global warming.

13
 3/1/2022

What are the causes of

climate change ?
 Greenhouse Gases

 Human Activity

A) Used of Fossil Fuels

CAUSES OF CLIMATE B) Deforestation

CHANGE C) Intensive Agriculture

Green House Gases

What are the causes of
climate change ?
 Greenhouse Gases • Main driver of Climate Change
According to Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ),
the greenhouse gases includes: • Effect by absorbing infrared radiation (Carbon Dioxide,
Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Ozone and Water Vapor)
1. Carbon dioxide which naturally.
2. Methane
• (Chlorofluorocarbons) which is synthetic.
3. Nitrous oxide
4. Flourinated gases

14
 3/1/2022

Human Activity:
(Fossil Fuels):
Humanity’s increased use of fossil fuels such as
coal, oil and gases to generate electricity, run
cars and other forms of transport and power
manufacturing industry.
Deforestation
It refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that are
lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization,
or mining activities. Greatly accelerated by human activities since
1960, deforestation has been negatively affecting natural
ecosystems, biodiversity, and the climate.

Increasingly Intensive Agriculture What are the effects of Climate Change?

• Which emits Green House Gases like Methane and Nitrous 1. The direct consequences of man-made climate change:
Oxide.
 rising maximum temperatures
 rising minimum temperatures
• Land use changes can also significantly contribute to climate
 rising sea levels
change. Large scale changes such as deforestation, soil
 higher ocean temperatures
erosion or machine-intensive farming methods may all
 an increase in heavy precipitation (heavy rain and hail)
contribute to increased carbon concentrations in the
atmosphere  shrinking glaciers
 thawing permafrost

15

What are the effects of Climate Change?
2. The indirect consequences of climate change, which directly
affect us humans an increase in hunger and water crises,
especially in developing countries
• health risks through rising air temperatures and heat waves
• economic implications of dealing with secondary damage
related to climate change
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE:
3/1/2022
What are the effects of Climate Change?
• increasing spread of pests and pathogens
• loss of biodiversity due to limited adaptability and speed of
flora and fauna
• the need for adaptation in all areas (e.g. agriculture, forestry,
energy, infrastructure, tourism, etc.)
HEALTH IMPACTS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
• Increase malnutrition and consequent disorders
• Increase number of people dying and suffering from diseases
and injury due to heatwaves, floods, storms, fires and
droughts.
• Increase burden of diarrheal disease.
• Increase cardio-respiratory morbidity and mortality .
16
 3/1/2022

Ways to Reduce Global Warming and Climate

GLOBAL WARMING
Change  It is a rapid increase of temperature of the
• Reduce, Reuse and Recycle atmosphere due to greenhouse gases such
• Planting trees in the backyard as carbon monoxide, sulphur oxide, nitrogen
• Buy energy efficient products oxides and hydrocarbons. These greenhouse
• Drive less and smart. gases trap the heat and light from the sun in
• Conserve energy the earth’s atmosphere, which causes the
increase in temperature.
• Support the government projects geared toward environmental
preservations.  Global warming greatly causes many living
organisms to go extinct because they can no
longer adapt to the higher level of
temperature.

References:
• Alumaga, et al, Science and Technology , Quezon City: Vibal Group
Inc. Inc..

https://climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming-vs-climate-change

https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/climate-change-
land-degradation-and-desertification

17