Tutorial 2

1. Calculate the loading dose (LD) required to achieve a Cp of 3µg/ml for a drug with a Vd of
2000 mL/kg body weight and clearance of 20mL/min/kg body weight to be administered to a
5-kg cat:
A. 20 mg
B. 40 mg
C. 30 mg
D. 35 mg

2) The most common route for excretion of drugs from the body is:
A. Renal excretion
B. Sweat
C. Biliary excretion
D. Excretion through saliva

3) A 100mg dose of a new drug that follows zero-order kinetics, one compartment model was
given orally to Amy. The half-life (t1/2) of the drug obtained from the study was 20 hours. Which
of the following is the half-life of the drug (in hours) if the administered dose were 500 mg?
A. 20 hours
B. 60 hours
C. 80 hours
D. 100 hours

4) One fine day, a patient walks into your pharmacy and expressed concern to you about the
frequency of one of his medications. He was recently prescribed antibiotic amoxicillin for an
infection. The antibiotic needs to be taken 3 times a day, and he has trouble remembering to
take it. He asks you why the antibiotic has to be taken multiple times per day. Based on the
pharmacokinetic parameters, what factor would be most involved in the frequency of dosing?
A. Half-life
B. Dose
C. Frequency
D. Age
5. Enteric coated Aspirin has been prescribed for a patient to treat chronic arthritis. The
patient calls the clinic nurse because of gagging and difficulty swallowing the tablets. What
response should the nurse give to the patient?
A. “Crush the tablets and mix with juice or food”
B. “I’ll notify the healthcare provider for a medication change”
C. “Open the tablet and mix the contents with food”
D. “Swallow the tablets with large amounts of water or milk”
E. ‘’Stop taking the tablets’’

6. 500 mg of Drug C has been administered to a normal 70 kg healthy man. The half-life of
the drug is 4 hours and the plasma drug concentration at time zero is 10mg/L. Which of the
following statements is correct?
A. The apparent volume of distribution is about 100 L
B. The apparent volume of distribution is about 10L
C. The rate constant of elimination is about 0.173/hr
D. The rate constant of elimination is about 0.231/hr

7. Omeprazole has an apparent volume of distribution of 3L/kg and a half-life of elimination

of 5 hours. In an 80 kg woman, what is its approximate rate of clearance?
A. 6.93 ml/min
B. 554.5 ml/min
C. 847ml/min
D. 240 ml/min

8. Lisa is receiving a constant IV infusion of ciprofloxacin at a rate of 24.5 mg/hour. The

elimination half-life of the drug is 6 hours and the volume of distribution is 40L. Which of the
following is(are) correct?
A. After 6 hours, the approximate plasma drug concentration is 2.65 µg/ml
B. After 12 hours, the approximate plasma drug concentration is 3.975 µg/ml
C. After 24 hours, the approximate plasma drug concentration is 5.3 µg/ml
D. After 48 hours, the approximate plasma drug concentration is 6.36 µg/ml
9. Upon discharge Lisa was given ibuprofen tablets as painkillers for 2 weeks. The Vd of
ibuprofen is 26L/60kg, with ke = 0.173/hr and has 60% oral bioavailability. If Lisa is 70kg and
takes 100 mg of ibuprofen every 8 hours for 11 days, what would be Lisa’s approximate
plasma drug concentration?
Use the following formula to solve.

A. 10 µg/L
B. 1.425 µg/ml
C. 1.425 mg/ml
D. 0.86 µg/ml

10. Jacob comes into the emergency room with a severe asthma and requires immediate
therapy with theophylline. Jacob weighs 80 kg. The volume of distribution of the theophylline
is 120 L/80 kg, its bioavailability is 0.7, and the desired steady state concentration is 20
µg/ml. Calculate the appropriate oral loading dose? Use the following formula to solve this
problem
D1 = (Vd x Css)/F
A. 1.5 g
B. 4 g
C. 3.4 g
D. 5.4 g
11. Bambuterol is a long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma,
it is a prodrug for terbutaline. The hydrolytic reactions are catalysed mainly by plasma
cholinesterase and the oxidative reactions by cytochrome P450. What are the two major
disadvantages of this approach (prodrug) to drug delivery?