Dela Cruz, Mary Grace C.

GEE 001B - Gender and Society

1. How did the pre-colonial Philippines look at women?

The Philippines' pre-colonial society may best be described as
egalitarian. Women frequently played significant roles in their societies,
making decisions in a variety of fields, including politics and economics.
Filipino values, which are based on family and respect, prevented sexism
from occurring. In the pre-colonial Philippines, mothers had a significant
influence on family decisions despite being an egalitarian society. This was
particularly true while naming their kids because they frequently had the
exclusive right to do so. Furthermore, married Filipina women with families
have the legal right to leave all of their inherited property to their offspring.

2.How the Hispanic Period looks at women?

As demonstrated by Hispanics in the U.S. labor force, women are more
likely to be educated and represented in professional occupations than
men. Despite gender disparities in the U.S. labor force as a whole, certain
gender gaps within the Hispanic sector are particularly evident. In
particular, there are more Hispanic women than men who have earned
college degrees. It is considerably more apparent that nearly twice as many
Hispanic women work in professional occupations as Hispanic men.

3. How the American period looks at women?

In colonial America, the conditions faced by women and children varied
widely across ethnic and social groups, as well as from colony to colony. In
spite of the fact that they had fewer rights than women and children today,
they actively participated in a range of tasks and initiatives that benefited
their families and communities. No matter which colony they lived in, white
women in colonial America had a range of responsibilities. They were in
charge of managing the household, which included creating soap and
candles in addition to cooking, sewing, and rearing the children. In the 18th
century, social classes began to shift, creating a new "middle" class. In the
class, there were a few women who occasionally helped their husbands
with the jobs they had as company owners, artisans, or tavern owners.
White females still had few rights, though. They were unable to vote, and
when they got married, they lost everything (though women had some
property rights). In colonial times, having a child was risky, and both
women and children frequently died while giving birth.

4. Explain why the birth of militant groups is often believed to have a

feminist agenda.
The persistence of gendered hierarchies is a key component of
militarism and nationalism, as feminists have persuasively shown.
Therefore, feminism is often viewed as incompatible with these political
efforts. Feminists have persuasively argued that militarism and war logic
are intrinsically gendered. It is predicated on deeply ingrained notions
about male aggression, violence, and the need to defend gentle, nonviolent
women. It demonstrates how militarism and conflict exacerbate and give
rise to polarized, hierarchical gender relations. These processes are
particularly evident in military nationalism situations, as women's roles and
bodies are created as the tangible and metaphorical borders of ethnic or
national identity. These political efforts of belonging and boundary-making
place a significant emphasis on essentialized gender roles. As a result,
feminist agendas are seen as posing a danger to military nationalism's
goals and ambitions.

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