Peripheral Nervous

System
Peripheral Nervous
System
Jumbled Words
It is the fundamental
units of the brain and
nervous system

ROEUNNS
It is the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system

ANS: NEURONS
 It is the most
complex part of the
human body.

RIABN
It is the most complex part of the human body.

ANS: BRAIN
It is a long, thin, tubular
structure made up of NAILPS DROC
nervous tissue
It is a long, thin, tubular structure made
up of nervous tissue.

ANS: SPINAL CORD

 the nerve cells that are
activated by sensory input
from the environment

YROSNES RONSNEU
The nerve cells that are activated by sensory input
from the environment

ANS: SENSORY NEURONS

 It is a complex
network of nerves
and cells that carry
VOREUSN TEMSYS messages to and
from the brain and
spinal cord
It is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and
from the brain and spinal cord

ANS: NERVOUS SYSTEM

What is Nervous System?
Nervous System

-the nervous system helps all the

parts of the body to communicate
with each other.
The Nervous System has two main
parts:

1.Central Nervous System

2. Peripheral Nervous System

It refers to the parts of the
nervous system outside
the brain and spinal cord

The primary function of peripheral nervous

system is to connect the brain and spinal
cord to the rest of the body.


Three types of Peripheral nerves can be found within the two main areas
of Peripheral Nervous System:

1. Sensory
-Connects the brain and spinal cord to your skin and allow you to feel
pain and other sensations.
2. Autonomic
-Controls involuntary functions such as blood pressure, digestion,
and heart rate.
3. Motor

-Connects the brain and spinal cord to muscles to stimulate movement.

 Nerves in the Peripheral Nervous System

1. Brachial Plexus

-carries movement
and sensory signals
from the spinal cord
to the arms and
hands.
2. Peroneal Nerve
-supplies movement
and sensation to the
lower leg, foot and
toes.
 3. Femoral Nerve
-major nerve supplying the
anterior compartment of the
thigh.
4. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
Nerve

-cutaneous nerve that

innervates the skin on
the lateral part of the
thigh.
5. Sciatic Nerve
-is the longest nerve in your
body.
 6. Spinal Accessory Nerve

-a cranial nerve that supplies

the sternocleidomastoid and
trapezius muscles.
7. Tibial Nerve

-larger terminal branch

of the two main
muscular branches of
the sciatic nerve.
The PNS can be divided into two components:

1. Somatic Nervous Systems

2. Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System

-Is responsible for carrying sensory and motor to and
from the CNS.

-Derives its name from the Greek word soma,

which means "body
The Somatic Nervous System consists of:

• Motor Neurons they transmit signals from the CNS

to skeletal and muscle.

• Sensory Neurons they send information to the CNS

from the internal organs.
The Somatic Nervous System consists of two parts:

*Spinal Nerves
- Are relatively large nerves that serve
all the body below the neck.
- Conveying sensory and motor
information from the body.

- Carrying messages to the muscles

and glands.

- Carry signals from receptors around

the body to the spinal cord.
Cervical Nerve -provide functional control and sensation to difderent parts of the body.

Thoracic Nerve -which functions to pull the scapula forwaard around the thorax, allowing
for anterversion of thd arm, and to lift the ribs, assissting in respiration.

Lumbar Nerve -provides sensation to the groin and genital regions and may contribute to
the movement of the hip muscles.

Sacral Nerve -provides motor control to and receive sensory information from most of the
pelvis and leg.

Coccyx Nerve -provide sensory and motor innervation to their respective dermatomes
and myotomes.
 * Cranial Nerves

-Primarily coordinate the muscle and

sense receptors of the head and neck.

-allow sensory information to transmit from

the organs of the brain , as well as conveying
motor information from the brain to these
organs.
 The 12 Cranial Nerves

I. OLFACTORY NERVE

-transmits sensory information to your

brain regarding smells.

II. OPTIC NERVE

-it involves vision.

III. OCULOMOTOR NERVE

- helps control muscle

movements of the
eyes.

IV. TROCHLEAR NERVE

-controls your superior oblique muscle
V. TRIGEMINAL NERVE

-is the largest cranial nerve

and has both motor and
sensory functions.

VI. ABDUCENS NERVE

- also helps control eye

movements
VII. FACIAL NERVE

-carries nerve fibers that control

facial movement and expression.

VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE

-is involved with a person’s hearing and

balance.
IX. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE

-carries afferent sensory and

efferent motor information.

X. VAGUS NERVE

-is responsible for the

regulation of internal
organ functions.
XI. ACCESSORY NERVE
-is a motor nerve that
controls the muscles in your
neck.

XII. HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE

-is responsible for the
movement of most of the
muscles in your tongue.
2. Autonomic Nervous System
- Responsible for coordinating involuntary
behaviors such as heart rate, breathing, and
digestion

The ANS is divided into two components:

Parasympathetic System
- This helps maintain normal body
functions.
Sympathetic System
- Prepares the body to expend energy to
respond to envirommental threats.
Following are some general principles about the Autonomic Nervous System:

1. Principle of autonomic functioning and homeostasis.

2. Principle of dual autonomic innervation.

3. Principle of autonomic single innervation.
4. Principle of autonomic chemical transmitters.

5. Principle of tonic activity of autonomic fibers.

6. Principle of autonomic antagonism and summation.

7. Principle of parasympathetic dominance of digestive tract glands and smooth muscle.

8. Principle of sympathetic dominance under stress conditions.

9. Principle of nonautonomy
 Nerves of the PNS

The nerve cells (or neurons) are the information processing units of the brain that
are responsible for sending, receiving, and transmitting signals throughout the
body.

The soma is the cell body of a nerve cell.

Myelin Sheath provides insulating layers

to the dendrites.

Axons carry the signal from the soma

to the target.

Dendrites carry the signal to the soma.

 The 3 types of Neurons:

1. Sensory Neurons

Sensory neurons are the nerve cells that are activated by

sensory input from the environment
2. Motor Neurons

Motor neurons of the spinal cord are part of the central nervous
system (CNS) and connect to muscles, glands and organs
throughout the body.
3. Interneurons

Interneurons are the ones in between - they connect spinal

motor and sensory neurons
Multipolar Neurons
many dendrites + a siingle axon

Bipolar Neurons
2 processess: 1 dendrite + 1 axon
Pseudo- unipolar neurons
Single process that divides
into two processess:
extends to the periphery +
extends to the CNS