ENGINEERING DESIGN

PROJECT

HOME SECURITY SYSTEM

GOURINANDA R
ROLL NO: 122201007
BATCH 3
 INDEX

1. USER NEED IDENTIFICATION

2. RESEARCH

3. DETAILS OF SOLUTIONS ALREADY PRESENT

4. PROBLEM DEFINITION

5. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

6. SOLUTION SELECTED FOR PROTOTYPING

7. ESTIMATE

8. TESTING
USER NEED IDENTIFICATION

In our day-to-day life the number of crimes has been increasing rapidly.
There are many important documents and valuable items in our homes
and offices which we need to keep safely. So, one of the important things
today is the security of our home, office, and shop from thieves and
burglars. The home security system should be affordable, reliable and
effective. We can design a system or a device which can detect the
burglars when they try to steal these valuable items and inform the owner
by sending a call to his/her phone.

RESEARCH CONDUCTED

There are certain things that every home needs in order to be comfortable
and safe to live in and one such important thing is a reliable security
system. Nowadays we can see that a homeowner always seeks to protect
his family and assets, space as safe as possible through security systems.
Similarly, the importance of security systems in offices has increased
because one wants to make sure that everything is safe from harm. While
a security system is a significant expense, the cost of a burglary has
averaged to $2,661 per victim(in US) in 2019, not to mention the
psychological impact it can have on people. In cities and towns, property-
related crimes are very common. Many families have both parents
working full-time and children going to school and colleges. For them
security systems are important in order to protect their valuables and
property.
Initially I referred to different websites in order to study about various
security systems present. Some of the security systems are: Alarm
systems, CCTV security systems, DIY home security systems etc. I also
visited these [1],[2] websites in order to gather more knowledge on the
working of PIR sensor and GSM module.
DETAILS OF SOLUTION ALREADY PRESENT

One of the most common security devices which are used is the Security
cameras. These cameras can be installed in the room where the safe is
kept, in order to monitor any suspicious activity. However, the installation
cost of these cameras is high and these can be easily spotted. Complex
security systems can also be installed, which will be highly efficient, but
the cost and installation are prohibitive. Alarm systems can be installed
which will alert us when the burglars try to break the safe. However, this
system is reliable only when we are present in our house.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

We have a collection of valuable items that we want to keep secure, but

we are worried about possible theft. So, we need to create a system that
can detect when someone has taken something really valuable from a
radius of around 6 meters and can alert us immediately. Currently, we rely
on neighbors or the building’s concierge to keep the valuable item
carefully when we are not at our house, but this is not always reliable. We
want a more reliable solution. Also, modern security systems are highly
complex and include several features like fire, intruders, electronic door
lock, temperature, etc. Such complex systems may be costly and may not
be affordable for everyone. This is a problem we have to deal with.
LIST OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS WITH MERITS AND DEMERITS

1. Smart security cameras

• MERITS:
i. Can be used to monitor and record activities over a large
area.
ii. Weather resistant.

• DEMERITS:
i. These are costly to install and maintain depending on the
number of features.
ii. Can be easily spotted and can be covered or destroyed so
that further activities won’t be recorded.

2. RFID tags (Radio-Frequency Identification tags) are small wireless tags

that can be attached to valuable items.
• MERITS:
i. They can be used to track the location of the item.
ii. Can be set up to give alert to us if the item is moved
without our permission.

• DEMERITS:
i. Require extensive investment in terms of both time and
cost perspective.
DETAILS OF SOLUTION SELECTED FOR THE PROTOTYPE

The main components of this prototype are the PIR sensor, Arduino uno,
SIM800L GSM module, LED, Voltage regulator,220-ohm resistor and
Buzzer. The PIR sensor detects the movement of the surrounding objects
by detecting the difference in the infrared radiation emitted by those
objects. The normal range of the PIR sensor is around 6 meters. It also
has a warm up time of 20 to 60 seconds, which is required for the proper
functioning of the sensor. Here it is used to detect burglar. When a person
comes in front of the sensor, it detects the motion and produces a high
output voltage. This voltage is then sent to Arduino UNO, the main
microcontroller, which controls the whole system. Once the Arduino reads
the high output voltage, it then sends a command to the GMS module to
send a call alert to the specific user’s mobile number. Buzzer and LED act
as a warning indicator, which alerts us when someone comes near the
valuable item.
An important point to be noted is that the output voltage of the PIR sensor
will be high when it detects motion. The output of the sensor goes low
from time to time, in such case even when there is motion it may mislead
the microcontroller into considering that there is no motion. This issue can
be resolved within the programming of Arduino by ignoring the low output
signals that have a shorter duration than a predefined time. This is done
by assuming that the motion in front of PIR sensor is present
continuously.

Another point to be noted is that the SIM800L module does not come with
an onboard voltage regulator. So, we use an external voltage supply to
adjust the voltage between 3.4 and 4.4V (ideally 4.1V).
DRAWING OF THE PROTOTYPE

ESTIMATE
ITEM QUANTITY PRICE
Arduino UNO 1 1500
PIR sensor 1 300
Buzzer 1 200
Jumper wire 5 500
SIM CARD 1 150
GSM MODULE 1 500

Voltage regulator 1 150

step down
LED 2 10
220-ohm resistor 1 35
TOTAL 3,345
DETAILS OF TEST CONDUCTED

A small device is constructed using Arduino UNO, PIR sensor, Voltage

regulator, SIM800L GSM module, LEDs, buzzer etc. Turn on the device,
keep it inside a box and place it in a room to verify whether it is working.
When a person walks into the room, the PIR sensor detects motion and
produces a high output voltage. This output is detected by Arduino and in
turn the Arduino communicates with the GSM module and makes a call
alert to the registered mobile number.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] https://learn.adafruit.com/pir-passive-infrared-proximity-motion-
sensor/how-pirs-work
[2] https://www.electronicsforu.com/resources/gsm-module