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Failure Modes in Beams
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Failure Modes in Beams
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Failure modes in beams | Types of Failure in Reinforced Concrete Beams
Failure Modes in beams
There are two common types of failure in slender, non Prestressed flexural elements that carry the load in one direction only are
Compression failure of the Compressive Chord
“ductile flexural failure”: After yielding of the reinforcement, if no redistribution of forces is possible, the deformations of the beam become important while the
structure deflects in a ductile manner.
flexurecompressionfailure
The compressive flange of the beam softens and the center of rotation of the sections goes down, reducing the internal level arm. Ductile flexural failure occurs
when the ultimate capacity of the concrete compressive zone is reached.
The flexural failure is governed by concrete crushing after yielding of the steel. Indeed, the deformation capacity of the steel is normally not crucial.
Development Of Cracks in Beams
Shear Failure
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in the web of the beam or “shear flexure failure”, see Figure. Due to high local tensile stresses in the web the “inclined flexural shear cracks” propagate, see
Figure, and reduces the capacity of the different possible shear transfer mechanisms.
shearcompressionfailure
When the shear transfer capacity between two neighboring portions of the beam becomes too small, a static equilibrium cannot be found. A relative displacement
between the two neighboring portions takes place. The shear failure mechanism is characterized by shear sliding along a crack in beam without shear
reinforcement and yielding of stirrups in a beam with shear reinforcement.
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Brittle Flexural failure:
In the case of a beam with huge amounts of reinforcements failure may occur by crushing of the concrete in the compressive zone before yielding of the flexural
reinforcement.
flexureshearfailure
Shear compression failure:
Compression failure of the web due to high principal compressive stresses in the region between induced shear cracks. This failure mode is normally associated
with high amounts of shear reinforcement but may also be critical in sections with thin webs.
Shear flexure & shear tension
Shear Tension Failure
In the case of Prestressed elements, a very brittle shear failure, starting at middle height of the web, may occur, without any prior flexural cracks. This failure
mode is called “shear tension”. Unlike nonPrestressed flexural elements, the initiation of a web shear crack leads to an immediate and unstable crack
propagation across the section.
For a beam without stirrups if a “shear tension crack” initiates in the web it will therefore lead to the collapse of the element.
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Failure modes in beams
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Tags:Brittle Flexural failure, Compression failure, failure in beams, Failure modes, Shear compression failure, Shear Failure, Shear Tension Failure
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4. Failure modes in beams | Types of Failure in Reinforced Concrete Beams
Contents
1 Failure Modes in beams
1.1 Compression failure of the Compressive Chord
1.2 Shear Failure
1.3 Brittle Flexural failure:
1.4 Shear compression failure:
1.5 Shear Tension Failure
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