L16:

Radiographic anatomy and

interpreta1on of X-ray chest,
abdomen & KUB
ICMP Year 3 2018/19
Dr Khor Foo Kiang

End of this lecture student will able to gain
knowledge about

•  Basic anatomical landmarks in the common x-
rays like chest, abdomen and kidney ureter
and bladder region.
•  How to read those xrays.
•  How to interpret normal and abnormal xrays.
Normal CXR
CXR
 Normal anatomy
•  Lungs.
•  Bronchovascular marking.
•  Tracheal & both main bronchus.
•  Normal carina angle ??
•  Diaphragm—Costophrenic & cardiophrenic
angles.
•  Heart + great vessels (SVC, IVC & Aorta).
•  So^ 1ssue-breast, muscles etc.
•  Bones- vertebral, ribs & scapula.
 Review areas
•  Apical regions.
•  Retrocardiac region.
•  Over- or underlying ribs.
•  Diaphragms– NEVER MISS AIR UNDER
DIAPHRAGM !!
 Approach for CXR
1.  Any discrepancy in both lung opacity. In
presence of discrepancy, which is abnormal?
2.  Abnormal opaque site or abnormal lucent
site?
3.  Review adjacent structures—give rise to
mass effect or volume loss?
4.  Think of related pathology.
5.  If does not follow this principle, more
complicated pathology is happening….
 CXR
Opacity
•  Consolida1on-air space opacity. Alveoli filled with
fluid/pus/blood.

•  Re1cular opacity-linear opacity. Inters11al linear

opacity.

•  Fluid-Meniscus sign. Tracking along fissure. Apical

cap.
 CXR
Opacity Lucency

•  Mass •  Free air-peumothorax
•  Lung nodule. •  Bullae
•  Fibrosis. •  Bronchiectasis
•  Lymph node •  Cavity
•  Calcifica1on •  Etc…
•  Etc…
IM-0001-1001.jpg
 AXR/KUB
•  Shade of grey…

•  Bone/Calcifica1on/Stone > Fluid > Solid organ/

Mass > Fat/so^ 1ssue > Air/bowel.

•  Approach of AXR– Outline the abnormality

(opaque/lucent) –relates to respec1ve organs.

•  Generate possible pathology.

AXR
Thank You