Final Na Final Kakapoy Ba

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Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Science and Technology Education Center
Basak, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu 6015
PH Level Control using Himalayan Salt, Regular Salt
and Commercialized Antacids
Researchers:
Jose Virgilio Calambuhay Jr.
Norberto Dabalos III
Charisse Longos
Andrea Paula Malawi
Matthew Dune Oville
Jerel John Velarde
Section:
STEM-Mendel
Adviser:
Ritzel Montalban
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Abstract
Title : EFFICIENCY IN REGULATING PH LEVEL

WITH THE USE OF HIMALAYAN SALT,
REGULAR SALT AND COMMERCIALIZED
ANTACIDS
Name : Jose Virgilio G. Calambuhay Jr.; Andrea

Paula Malawi, Charisse S. Longos,
Norberto C. Dabalos III, Jerel John
Verlarde, Matthew Dune Joel P. Oville
Strand : Grade 11 STEM – Mendel
School year : 2017 – 2018
Adviser : Ms. Ritzel R. Montalban
No. of pages :
Keywords : Himalayan Salt, Regular Salt, Efficiency, pH

Level, Regulation, Acid, Alkaline, Antacid
The study PH Level Control using Himalayan Salt, Regular
Salt and Commercialized Antacids aims to evaluate the efficiency
of Himalayan salt, regular salt and antacid in regulating pH
levels as well as gain knowledge as to which of the following
afore-mentioned solutes are the most effective through
controlled experiments and observations. It was expected for
the following solutes to become as much as effective as they are
by the fact that salt and the calcium content of the antacid are
said to have pH regulatory properties. The study will utilize the
controlled experiment strategy: with the experimentation and

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observation conducted in Lapu-Lapu City. From the data
gathered, the interpretation between the efficiency of Himalayan
Salt, Regular Salt and Antacid in regulating the pH level
indicates to have a significant difference before and after the
submersion of the salt solution in the solvent.
For the Himalayan Salt, the results have been found to have
a significance level of p<0.0005 therefore rejecting the null
hypothesis saying that it does not show a significant difference
between the time interval of the salt’s submersion in the
solvent.
In the case of the Regular Salt, with sufficient evidence to
support the claim, p<0.0005 as the significance level, the null
hypothesis is rejected saying that Regular Salt does not show a
significant difference between the time interval of the salt’s
submersion in the solvent.
As for the Antacid, all time intervals showed a significance
level of p<0.0005 thus the null hypothesis can be rejected
saying that Antacid does not show a significant difference
between the time interval of the solution’s submersion in the
solvent.
This can be understood that the three salt solution:
Himalayan Salt, Regular Salt and Antacid can be used to

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regulate the pH level in the body. It is preconceived that the
antacid would be the best and most efficient in regulating pH
level, just by the fact that it was commercially-made just to
regulate gastrointestinal pH levels. But, the fact that Himalayan
salt is also had significant regulatory properties is already a
good point that it can be an alternative to synthetic drugs, and
that it has trace minerals as incentives in ingesting it.
The researchers: Jose Virgilio G. Calambuhay Jr, Charisse L.
Longos, Andrea Paula Malawi, Norberto C. Dabalos III, Jerel
John Velarde, and Matthe Dune Joel P. Oville of Science and
Technology Education Center taking the Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics will conduct the study with the
help of the adviser Ms. Ritzel R. Montalban. The research paper
contains 104 pages.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We, the researchers wish to express our sincerest gratitude,
first of all to the Lord God Almighty, for the wonderful gift of life,
knowledge, wisdom, strength, courage and perseverance; to the
persons who contributed in the realization of this Investigatory
Project and for the assistance rendered by the following:
Ms. Ritzel R. Montalban, our adviser, for her support,
encouragement, advises and guidance throughout the
completion of this quantitative research;
Mrs. Lina M. Maiso, school principal, together with the
teachers, for their full support, encouragement and
understanding;
The research team, who amidst the seemingly endless
obstacles, able to successfully accomplish this kind of output;
And of course to our parents, for their abiding support,
unconditional love and understanding, and for helping us with
the needed finances to successfully do this research.

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Table of Contents
TITLE PAGE ------------------------------------------- 1
ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------- 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -------------------------------------- 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS ------------------------------------ 6
CHAPTER I - THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the Study --------------------------------- 8
Review of Related Literature ------------------------- 11
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem ------------------------------ 44
Hypothesis --------------------------------------------- 45
Significance of the Study ------------------------------- 46
DEFINITION OF TERMS ----------------------------- 49
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design ------------------------------------- 51
Research Environment ---------------------------------- 51

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Research Samples --------------------------------- 52
Research Instruments -------------------------------- 53
Research Procedures------------------------------------ 54
CHAPTER II – DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS --- 56
CHAPTER III – SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION ---------------------------------------- 80
Significant Findings ---------------------------------------- 80
Conclusion -------------------------------------------------- 82
Recommendation ------------------------------------------ 85
REFERENCES ----------------------------------------------- 84
APPENDICES
Transmittal Letter -------------------------------------- 97
Parental Consent --------------------------------------- 98
Informed Consent -------------------------------------- 99
Documentation ----------------------------------------- 100
Budget ----------------------------------------- 106
SPSS Documentary ------------------------------------

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Rationale of the Study
In a field full of contributing factors that affect pH level, we
are facing consequences of pH imbalance. When your pH is
balanced, your body is at an alkaline state – and that’s good! It
means your body is able to buffer harmful acids and keep your
systems operating the way they should. When your body pH
balance is tipped toward acidic, your body’s systems can’t keep
up with the amount of acid in your body. As a result of excessive
acid, your body may take alkalizing minerals from your bones or
suffer from inflammation that can lead to disease. Thus, the
researchers conducted this study in order to regulate pH balance
among students, at the same time, maximizing the mineral
content of their diet.
Your body can usually handle an occasional heavy acid load
without taking too much from your alkalizing reserves. But
many of us are constantly producing excess acids, especially
through our diet. Without a way to neutralize them, your body
struggles to maintain a healthy blood pH and it can contribute to
serious health issues. The researchers solely believe that these
pH imbalance causes inefficiency on students’ productivity,

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therefore, it is upright to say that there is a great need to
manipulate these factors.
According to Young, S. (2014), salt is the most important
component in alkalizing the blood and tissues. It can help
regulate the pH level and water content of the body. Salt forces
some water to stay outside the cells and balances the amount of
water that must stay outside the cells. Pink Himalayan salt is
often said to be the most beneficial as well as the cleanest salt
available on this planet today. It has all kinds of nutritional and
therapeutic properties, not to mention culinary uses. You can
use it as a healthier option to processed salt. You can also use it
to create homemade body scrubs and bath soaps, and you may
have seen or own a Himalayan salt lamp made from pink
Himalayan salt. Historically, the people of the Himalayas have
used this versatile salt to preserve meat and fish. In this study,
Himalayan salt is used to help regulate the pH level of the body.
Pink Himalayan salt contains a lot of trace minerals and
sodium, which is why it is believed to be more beneficial to the
body than regular table salt. However, according to Pine Pollen
(2017), too much salt and sodium can lead to high blood
pressure and other issues, so consume in moderation. Besides

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the cognitive gain, pH balance is also relative to certain
diseases, cell functions, skin infections, blood pressure
regulation, hydration, muscle functions, and bone growth. This
relativity gives the researchers the inspiration to pursue this
study.
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Review of Related Literature
Characteristics of Himalayan Salt
Himalayan salt, also known as Himalayan crystal salt, is a
type of rock salt best known for its striking pink color which
comes from the natural presence of several trace minerals,
including magnesium and iodine. Himalayan salt is said to be a
very pure salt but also because there’s increasing curiosity on its
positive impacts to our health. According to Leonard (2016),
Pink Himalayan salt is chemically similar to table salt. It contains
up to 98 percent sodium chloride. The remainder of the salt is
made up of trace minerals, such as potassium, magnesium,
and calcium, which give the salt its light pink tint .The presence
of these minerals also explains why Himalayan salt tastes
different to regular table salt. Some of the mineral composition
of Himalayan salt is similar to table salt.
Himalayan salt has many benefits that can help regulate
the pH level of human body. According to Group (2014), It can
also improves your health such as Regulating water levels in the
body, Promoting stable pH balance, Encouraging healthy blood
sugar levels, Reducing the appearance of aging, Promoting
cellular hydroelectric energy balance, Aiding vascular health,

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Supporting healthy respiratory function, Promoting overall sinus
health, Reducing cramps, Promoting healthy sleep patterns,
Encouraging healthy libido, Promoting kidney and gallbladder
health.
Advocates of traditional medicine believe that processed table
salt is energetically dead, as its crystals are completely isolated
from one another. For the body to metabolize chemical table
salt, it must expend tremendous amounts of energy to keep the
body in a state of optimum fluid balance. This creates a burden
on the body’s elimination systems as water is removed from
other cells in an attempt to neutralize the unnatural, processed
salts.
Many experts have suggested that consuming as less salt as
possible is good for your health. However, there are major
drawbacks to this train of thought. While consuming too much
salt is definitely dangerous for your body, there are also health
risks attributed to a major decrease in salt intake.
According to a study published in the Lancet (n.d.), while
high-salt diets were linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular
events and death in hypertensive populations, low-salt diets
were alarmingly also connected to a higher possibility for

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cardiovascular events like heart attacks and stroke and deaths
in people with or without hypertension.
From all the positive benefits of Himalayan salt, there are
also things that one may consider if in taking the Himalayan
salt. According to Leonard (2016), Iodine is a mineral that the
body requires to preserve proper thyroid function and cell
metabolism. It is present in fish, sea vegetables, dairy, and
eggs, among other foods. Iodized salt is another common source
of this trace mineral. Approximately 75 percent of households in
the United States use iodized salt, which was first introduced in
the U.S. in 1924 in a bid to reduce incidences of goiter, which is
a sign of iodine deficiency. Although pink Himalayan salt may
naturally contain some iodine, it most likely contains less iodine
than iodized salt does. Therefore, those who are iodine deficient
or at risk of deficiency may need to look for other sources of
iodine if using pink salt instead of iodized table salt. We should
be aware of this because it may affect the regulation of our
body. The plain, uniform crystals of table salt have little visual
allure, but specialty salts are more varied. French fleurs de sel
are light and flaky, while English Maldon salt has a distinctive
pyramid shape. Others have distinctive colors, such as
Himalayan pink salt with its delicately rosy hue. Himalayan salt
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is sometimes marketed as having legitimate nutritional value,
though the minute amounts used in real life make that a
dubious proposition. The distinctive color of Himalayan salt --
ranging from a nearly orange salmon-like hue to a delicate, rosy
pink -- comes from a high content of impurities, otherwise
known as trace minerals. Many of these are useful or crucial to
the human body's operation, including manganese, phosphorus,
potassium and iron. Still, although these and many other
minerals are found in Himalayan salt, they're found in such
small concentrations that their effect is negligible in any
reasonable portion size. For example, the daily value for
potassium is 3,500 milligrams, the quantity found in an entire
kilogram of Himalayan salt. One obvious exception to that rule is
sodium. Himalayan salt is 97.41 percent salt, or sodium
chloride, and like table salt or sea salt it contains about 40
percent sodium by weight. Sodium is an important mineral in its
own right, and your body won't function without it. It's essential
to your muscles and nerves and helps regulate your blood
pressure and your body's fluid levels. However, it can have
negative effects when consumed in excessive quantities,
whether the source is pink salt, sea salt or table salt. It's far too
easy to eat excessive quantities of sodium, especially through

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processed foods or fast food. The end result can be high blood
pressure, with an elevated risk of heart attack or stroke. People
with congestive heart failure or kidney disease should also be
wary of excessive sodium, which can aggravate their condition
by increasing fluids in the body. The good news is that if you're
grinding your own Himalayan salt, the resulting light flakes
probably add up to a bit less salt. A quarter-teaspoon portion of
table salt contains 600 milligrams of sodium, according to the
American Heart Association, while the same portion of a major
retailer's pink salt contains just 420 milligrams.
Whatever its nutritional strengths and weaknesses, the
primary purpose of Himalayan pink salt is to make food taste
good. At that, it excels. The iodine added to table salt -- as a
preventive measure against goiter -- lends it a harsh, chemical
flavor. Like sea salt, Himalayan salt lacks the added iodine and
therefore has a milder flavor. Their delicate pink colors also lend
a visual accent to foods, when ground at the last minute or
when flaked from a solid block using a fine grater.

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Importance of pH Level
The level of pH is quantified on a scale of zero to 14. The
lower the pH, the more acidic, and the higher, the more alkaline.
Neutral pH is 7.0, the pH of water, and your level is in a healthy
range between 6.0 to 7.5. According to Merck Manuals Online
Medical Library (2013), blood that is slightly alkaline, or 7.35 to
7.45, is optimal for proper body functions. Most people with an
imbalance are too acidic, which can cause a variety of health
ailments, including cardiovascular disease, complications of
diabetes and bone fragility.
The balance between acidity and alkalinity in your body is
referred to as pH, or potential of hydrogen. Different factors can
influence whether your blood has too much or too little acid,
including food and the health of your organs to filter carbon
dioxide from your body. As John (2017) stated, achieving pH
balance is a complex process that takes place within your body,
but you can help regulate it with healthy habits.
According to the Leyman, H. (2014), exerting efforts in
balancing one’s pH level is essential as if it is neglected, could
contribute to psychological disorders like anxiety, depression,
and social withdrawal etc.

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Normally, the kidneys maintain our electrolyte levels, those
of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium. As Axe (2018)
had said, when we are exposed to acidic substances, these
electrolytes are used to fight acidity. High degrees of acidity
force our bodies to rob minerals from the bones, cells, organs
and tissues. Cells end up lacking enough minerals to properly
dispose of waste or oxygenate completely. Vitamin absorption is
compromised by mineral loss. Toxins and pathogens accumulate
in the body and the immune system becomes quelled.
Metabolic or respiratory acidosis results from excess acid in
the blood. In metabolic acidosis, an abnormal metabolism from
the buildup of ketones in the blood, which occurs in uncontrolled
diabetes, or overuse of alcohol or aspirin doesn't allow the
kidneys to function normally. In respiratory acidosis, your lungs
do not expel carbon dioxide properly, which might result from
asthma or pneumonia. Symptoms might include vomiting,
fatigue, breathing complications, weakness or confusion. If left
untreated, acidosis can lead to kidney failure, lung collapse and
constriction of blood vessels.
Alkalosis is the opposite of acidosis when too much
bicarbonate is in your blood, causing excessively low acidity.

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Overuse of diuretics and hyperventilation can increase the
amount of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. Symptoms of
metabolic or respiratory alkalosis include irritability, muscular
twitching or cramps. Treatment involves replacing fluids to
achieve acid balance or slowing your breathing in the event of
respiratory alkalosis. alkalosis can lead to heart arrhythmias or
coma.
Foods you eat can help you achieve acid/alkaline balance.
Highly acidic foods include prunes, blackberries, chocolate,
walnuts, beef and cheese. Foods with high alkalinity include
watermelon, asparagus, spinach and olive oil. According to John
(2017), to maintain pH balance, eat a variety of fruits,
vegetables and grains that are middle alkaline or acidic and
choose highly acidic foods when you have high alkaline pH.
Hydrate with water daily, limit your alcohol use and follow
medication instructions on the label to prevent high acid pH.
Relationship between pH Level and
I. Brain Activity
Maintaining a stable blood pH is one of the most important
homeostatic duties of body in living creatures. All cells require
PH of bodily fluids to be maintained around 7.4 in order to

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continue their optimal functions. According to Richardsons
(2014), the blood pH has a serious effect on all of the body’s
systems and the body uses different mechanisms to control the
blood’s acid-base balance. The blood’s acid-base balance is
controlled by the body because even minor deviations from the
normal range can severely affect the brain, arteries, the heart,
muscles, and many organs. It can contribute to overwhelming
the body leading to serious disease such as cancer or even
brain’s memory and learning abnormalities. Based on the study
conducted by Wemmie (2013), the brain needs acid-sensing
proteins to produce normal fear responses, as well as for
learning and memory. As of now, there is no simple test that
can measure the brain’s pH level. Fortunately, with the help of
Dr. Magnotta’s Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based technique
also called MR spectroscopy, they discovered that pH changes
do indeed occur with normal intact human brain function
particularly in detecting changes in the brain pH-level in mice.
The functional MRI (fMRI) currently measures the brain's activity
by detecting a signal caused by oxygen levels in the blood
flowing to active brain regions. Significantly, their team also
observed a drop in pH-level when they conducted an experiment
that activates particular region in the brain associated with

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vision. The results of their study shows the idea that brain
activity can change local pH in human brains during normal
activity, meaning that pH change in conjunction with the pH-
sensitive receptors could be part of a signaling system that
affects brain activity and cognitive function. As discovered that
brain frequently undergoes changes in acidity and this is caused
by carbon dioxide gas which is constantly released as the brain
breaks down sugar to generate energy (Kwon, 2017). Using the
MRI technique, they have shown that normal brain activity can
trigger local changes in pH – until now only speculated about. It
also is able to provide insight through the use of pH imaging to
detect early signs of degenerative diseases.
II. Deprived Rest
As stated by Alexander (2013), sleep is the primary
foundation of your overall health. Not getting proper rest can
lead to a myriad of issues, and yet getting proper, restorative
sleep can be so elusive. The human body needs enough sleep
not only to improve your memory but to regulate your pH level
in your body. As stated by Scarapino (2013), sleep makes you
feel better, but its importance goes way beyond just boosting
your mood or banishing under-eye circles. Adequate sleep is a

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key part of a healthy lifestyle, and can benefit your heart,
weight, mind, and more.
According to Alexander (2013), one of the many, many
factors that sleep affects is your body's pH balance. pH is your
body's measurement of alkaline and acid, and too much of either
can lead to health issues. But a slightly raised level is optimum,
and getting enough sleep every night, deep, restorative sleep, is
one of the keys to keeping your body's pH up and healthy. When
you body is in a raised pH state, it is better able to fight off
infection and viruses. Your body will shed weight when you are
in a healthy pH state. Conversely, a lower pH can affect your
health at the cellular level, leaving you susceptible to fatigue,
poor sleep, poor digestion, obesity and other health issues such
as bone mass loss, kidney stones and cancer. Lower pH levels
will cause the body to steal calcium from the bones and to retain
weight.
Eating a higher alkaline diet will help keep your body's pH
levels elevated. Some dietary factors would include drinking
high pH water, eating fresh vegetables and fruits, and getting
exercise. Managing stress levels is another big factor in

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managing your pH levels. Besides sleep, your sleep environment
can also contribute to your pH levels.

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III. Stressors
A research conducted by Brown, S. (2013) has shown one of
her patients, in the name of Lynn, whom had some several bone
problems, in which the regulation of pH balance is needed in
order to maintain the function of her bones still subject to
recovery. Thus, the said convenience research conducted by
Mrs. Brown led her into some shocking results.
After working with the Better Bones Program for several
weeks, using their Alkaline for Life diet combined with their bone
building supplement program, the subject achieved the ideal
urine pH of 6.5 to 7.5 on a very regular basis. The subject kept
careful records of her diet, supplements, and emotional state
while recording her urine pH level daily. It can be inferred from
the subject/patient that she actually enjoyed seeing her
chemistry move from a bone-depleting low pH level to the ideal
bone-preserving 6.5 to 7.5 level. At one point, however, the
subject noticed that her pH dropped dramatically. Looking back
at her records, Mrs. Brown realized that this drop in pH occurred
after a few days of highly internalized emotional distress.
Recognizing this, the research modified the subject’s stress
response and found healthy ways to cope — and sure enough,

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the subject’s first morning urine pH returned to the ideal range
again.
IV. Weight Gain
PH level is closely relative to weight gain. Many of us get so
caught up in eating to look good that we often forget to stick to
the basics and focus on our health. Without our health in line,
we won't ever achieve that dream physique anyways, so it is
always best to focus on health first. Most of us do not live the
right way. As proven on recent researches made by Thompson,
J. (2015), we eat the wrong foods; we don't get enough sleep;
we are stressed out; and we don't get enough fresh air.
Thompson, J. (2015) also added on his explanation regarding
acid waste caused by that accumulate when we consume
proteins, sugars, and starches. Acid wastes can also be
especially dangerous because they are believed to cause a
variety of health problems and chronic diseases. These acid
wastes if not regulated may cause obesity.
Obesity is at an all-time high in the United States and there
is no indication that the numbers are going to go down. Diet
products and programs abound because people are obsessed
with losing fat. According to George, C. (2016) there are over

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300,000 diet books on the market. Fad diets and gimmicks are
all over television and the internet; some of which work short
term, but to lose fat you must understand the base cause of the
weight gain, which according to him, is the acid wastes of their
routinely unhealthy diet.
This statistic was supported by Ogden, C. (2017) of National
Institute of Health (NIH), where ±37% of all Americans are in
between overweight and extreme obesity, in which their BMI’s
(Body Mass Index) have overlapped the normal BMI. Another
credible association () strengthens this statistical data where it
says that more than one-third (36.5%) of U.S. adults have
obesity.
According to the report of Hernandez, K. H. (2017), a
reporter from Manila Times Newspaper, Philippines is the second
nation with the least obese people. This implies that lower
obesity rate, therefore, lower acid waste level/accumulation
inside the body. Well that’s in contrary to what was said by
Perrez (2016) on his interview with the UNICEF chairman, as it
gave a staggering speech about the 400% rise of obesity in
Manila only. Similarly to the statistical data of World Health
Organization (WHO) (2013), prevalence of overweight among

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children 5-10 years old has also risen from 5.8% in 2003 to
9.1% in 2013. The 2011 Global School-based Health Survey also
shows that about 13% of adolescents in the Philippines are
overweight and obese. How about the other 87%? Most of them
suffer malnutrition.
According to a report of Osorrio (2017), Philippines has
ranked down to 100th place for having unhealthy and
malnourished citizens around the world. Based on FNRI (2015),
the Philippine chronic malnutrition rate among children aged 0
to 2 was at 26.2%, the highest in 10 years. Chronic
malnutrition, or stunting rate for children under 5 years old, was
at 33.5%, up by 30.5% from 2013. From 2013 to 2015, 10% of
the stunting children increased to an average of 40%, and is
expected to increase in 2018. Now it is very alarming that
although this 40% of the remaining 87% is malnourished. In the
report of Aquino, N. (2017), although they do not have those
acid waste accumulation in their bodies, they lack essential
vitamins and minerals (traced or not) still due to their lifestyle,
and that mainly includes their unhealthy diet/food intake.
Olney, N. (2016), Country Director of Save the Children,
stressed on how the recent findings of FNRI-DOST on stunting is

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becoming a major concern. "The concerning data of FNRI is
actually the worst increase in stunting in the past 25 years," he
said.
Benefits of Himalayan Salt
There are lots findings which show the diverse benefits of
Himalayan salt in human body. These involves benefits on
different organs, respiratory system, balancing the pH level,
natural digestive aid, air purifier, better sleep inducer, skin
infections, blood pressure regulator, regulates hydration,
prevents muscle cramp, keeps bones strong, loaded with trace
minerals, element in detoxification, stimulate good blood
circulation, and even purifies the air.
There are also other researches that prove how Himalayan
salt is beneficial to health. Price (2017) has claimed some
beneficial facts of Himalayan Salt. This surprisingly involves
control of respiratory problems, balancing of body pH level,
natural digestive aid, air purifier, better sleep inducer,
Regulation of the water levels within the body for proper overall
functioning, helping reduce common signs of aging, encouraging
healthy blood sugar levels, promoting cellular energy creation,
reducing cramping (like leg cramps), improving the absorption

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of nutrients from foods, aiding vascular health, lowering the
incidence of sinus problems and promoting overall sinus health,
providing circulatory support, improving bone strength, fostering
a healthy libido, promoting kidney and gallbladder health in
comparison to chemically treated table salt.
Researchers found that there is a big correlation between
salt and respiratory problems. A good example of respiratory
disease is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a general
term used for those diseases with permanent or temporary
narrowing of small bronchi, in which forced expiratory flow is
slowed, especially when no etiologic or other more specific term
can be applied. Lung Institute (2017) also defined it as a
debilitating and degenerative lung disease characterized by the
restriction of airflow in and out of the lungs. COPD is the
umbrella term for emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis. While
research is inconclusive regarding salt therapy and COPD, many
COPD sufferers report positive results from salt therapy
(halotherapy). Lung Institute (2017) stated that salt has the
following properties: (1) Antibacterial; (2) Anti-inflammatory;
(3) Loosens excessive mucus and speeds up mucociliary
transport; (4) Removes pathogens (i.e., airborne pollen); (5)

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and Reduces IgE level (immune system oversensitivity). With
the said properties, the salt particles penetrate deep into the
lungs to treat damaged tissue. Sometimes symptoms subside
for up to 12 months following salt therapy. Their findings have
revealed 85 percent of mild and moderate asthma cases, 75
percent of severe asthma cases, 97 percent of chronic
bronchitis, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis cases were treated
successfully with halotherapy.
Russian researchers Khan, M. A., Chervinskaia, A. V., &
Mikitchenko, N. A. (2012) also conducted similar research and
shown Observations during 1, 3, 5, and 12 month follow-up
periods confirmed the persistence of prophylactic and
therapeutic effects of salt therapy to be positive. Zajac, J., et al
(2014) also added on their conclusion on their research
regarding salt caves as simulation of natural environment and
significance of halotherapy, that besides the health benefits,
people do not have free time for rest and activities in clean air;
moreover, stress is inseparable from everyday life, and for that
reasons salt caves become places that help to support a proper
lifestyle.
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According to Young (2014), salt is the most important
component in alkalizing the blood and tissues. For short, salt can
help regulate the pH level and maintain it to neutral level. She
also added that salt is a vital substance for the survival of all
living creatures – specifically humans. Salt helps to regulate the
water content of the body. Water regulates itself, working its
way into the interior of all our cells. It has to get inside each cell
to cleanse and extract the toxic wastes of cell metabolisms. Salt
forces some water to stay outside the cells and balances the
amount of water that must stay outside the cells. And according
to her, only salt is capable in maintaining this balance between
water content on every single cell.
According to the Journal of American Medical Association
researchers Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek, MD, PhD et al (2012),
Among 3681 participants followed up for a median 7.9 years,
CVD deaths decreased across increasing tertiles of 24-hour
sodium excretion, from 50 deaths in the low (mean, 107
mmol.), 24 in the medium (mean, 168 mmol.), and 10 in the
high excretion group (mean, 260 mmol; P < .001), resulting in
respective death rates of 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI],
3.5%-4.7%), 1.9% (95% CI, 1.5%-2.3%), and 0.8% (95% CI,
0.5%-1.1%). This groundbreaking European study that

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measured salt levels in people’s urine over an eight-year period,
suggests that more cardiovascular deaths occurred in people
with low salt levels than those with higher amounts of salt in
their bloodstream. And the researchers found no correlation
between higher salt intake and hypertension risk. However,
regarding this study, Peale, N. V. (2016, February 04) published
on his website that it’s important to remember that you still
should monitor your salt intake, but salt is vital to the regulation
of blood pressure, and can lower it if “eaten moderately”.
While having a diet too high in sodium can actually leach
calcium and potassium from the body, eating just the right
amount of salt balances these minerals in the body, which
promotes healthy bones. According to we need a perfect balance
of potassium and sodium bicarbonate in our blood to maintain
healthy bones. They recommend eating mostly fruits and
vegetables; however, adding Himalayan sea salt to a salad or
cooked vegetables at night will ensure you get enough sodium in
your diet. On Teucher, B. et al’s (2012) research, efficiency of
calcium absorption was higher after a period of moderately low
calcium intake (p < 0.05) but was unaffected by salt intake. This
was supported by Lanham-New, S. A.’s (2015, January)
research, regarding the health-related benefits of a high intake

32
of potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich foods (e.g., fruits and
vegetables) on disease prevention (e.g., cancer, heart disease)
have been gaining increasing attention in the literature, and
there is growing belief, from a variety of observational,
experimental, clinical, and intervention studies, that a positive
link exists between potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich foods and
indices of bone health.
Recent studies also had shown diverse outcomes about how
Himalayan salt promotes optimal fluid hydration in the body. A
method stated in Pine Pollen (2017) suggests adding a pinch of
pink salt to meals or a drink like water, which is believed to help
the body achieve optimal fluid balance, thus preventing
dehydration. Pink Himalayan Salt due to its sodium content is
believed to help the body absorb and retain water.
Precautionary Measure(s) Before Salt Intake
As mentioned on previous related studies pink Himalayan
salt contains a lot of trace minerals and sodium, which is why it
is believed to be more beneficial to the body than regular table
salt. However, according to Pine Pollen (2017) too much salt and
sodium can lead to high blood pressure and other issues, so
consume in moderation. Always discuss all diet and supplement

33
regimens with your physician first to ensure they are suitable for
you; especially if you are on medication.
Additionally, too much Pink Himalayan Salt can have a
flushing effect and can cause extreme diarrhea, so use Pink
Himalayan Salt sparingly. A good rule of thumb is to sprinkle a
small amount into each 8 oz glass of water.
Antacids as Effective Anti-Digestive Disturbances in
Patients Treated with Prednisone and Prednisolone
According to the results of the study conducted by Boland, E.
W., & Headley, N. E. (1958, October), there is an indication that
the complemental use of antacids with each divided dose of
steroid is highly effective in reducing the frequency and severity
of digestive symptoms during prednisone and prednisolone
administration. The low incidence (3 per cent) for
roentgenographically demonstrable active lesions in the series
suggests that the addition of acid-neutralizing agents during
prolonged treatment with these steroids may afford at least
partial protection against the development and reactivation of
peptic ulcers.
According to Brody, M., & Bachrach, W. H. (2017), calcium
carbonate, an inexpensive, rapid, potent acid neutralizer is the

34
antacid of choice if care is taken to prevent constipation and if
there is no predisposition to alkalosis, depression of renal
function, or development of renal lithiasis.
Maintaining a proper pH balance can make a huge difference
in your overall health including the elimination of heartburn and
acid reflux. Poor or acidic diets can cause a pH imbalance that
can lead to heartburn and many other chronic illnesses. When
the body is acidic it pulls alkaline reserves from our organs and
bones in an attempt to neutralize the acid and maintain a
balanced pH. Antacids are weak bases that neutralize the acidity
of the stomach and its pH. The stomach is an acid environment;
antacids are very high alkalines which are at the opposite end of
the PH chart. No area of the human body is supposed to be at
or can thrive in a high alkaline PH level. The separate areas of
the stomach, small intestine and colon need specific PH levels in
order to digest food properly, combat bad bacteria and germs,
absorb nutrients and discourage yeast growth. According to
Smith (2010), antacids raise the stomach’s pH contents
overpowering the action of pepsin that exacerbates ulceration
due to acid. “Antacid use can lower the acidity of the stomach to
such a degree that our food sits in the stomach longer than it
should and prevents proper breakdown of the food” (SciTrition,

35
2010). It contains alkaline ions that chemically neutralize
stomach gastric acid, reducing damage and relieving pain.
Antacids such as Tums, Mylanta, Maalox, and Gaviscon also help
neutralize stomach acid. Thus, it can be used to relieve
heartburn, indigestion or an upset stomach caused by excessive
acid secretion. In the research conducted by Wang and Tan
(2007), the researchers tested different antacids in hydrochloric
acid (after diluting it to the pH of the stomach) to observe how
pH level would change and to observe what would happen to
each of antacids. The results show that antacid Tums change the
pH of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) the most and founded out that
it contains calcium carbonate which neutralizes acidity, making
HCl more basic. This proves that antacid really works in
elevating the pH level in a human’s body specifically in the
stomach.
Temperature and rate of chemical reaction
Temperature is a pocket knife tool for discussion among
chemical reactions. Nowadays even Eight-Graders are being
taught of this. It’s common knowledge that the temperature of
the environment affects the chemical reaction taking place.

36
According to Yu (2016), in a higher temperature solution set,
H2O molecules have more of both thermal and kinetic energy,
and by the nature of how reactions occur, more kinetic energy
means more molecules bumping in to each other and faster than
not.
Temperature and rate of chemical reaction
Temperature does not only play a role in the speed of a
reaction but also, According to Talaga (2013), has a direct
relation to the pH level in a solution. He claims that Ionization
has a linear relationship with temperature as the H+ active in
the solution typically increases or decreases with the
temperature of the same solution.
Antacids
Antacids that contain alginate are very effective at
easing acid reflux. Products that combine alginate with
aluminum, calcium or magnesium , create a foam barrier on
top of the stomach contents and protect the esophagus from
contact with gastric acid. It’s not always easy figuring out
which antacid will best help you find relief from heartburn.
There are several antacids that can help you ease your pain
37
that you experience. These antacids relieve both acid reflux
and sour stomach by temporarily neutralizing the gastric
acid already produced in the stomach. They are generally
formulated with one or more of the following salts: calcium,
aluminum or magnesium.
According to pharmacist Lamarre (2016), antacids that
contain only calcium carbonate provide effective short-term
relief. If, however, you take them several times a day or on
a regular basis, they can cause what is known as “acid
rebound,” a return of symptoms even more intense than
prior to taking the medicine. Antacids that contain both
aluminum and magnesium have the advantage of providing
rapid relief of sour stomach and acid reflux by neutralizing
gastric acid. Acid neutralizers generally work from 2 to 4
hours, depending on the person and the amount of gastric
acid produced. There are different types of antacids, As
stated by Seltzer (2016), the first one is the Sodium
Antacids. Sodium bicarbonate (commonly known as baking
soda) is perhaps the best-known of the sodium-containing
antacids. It is potent and fast-acting. As its name suggests, it is
high in sodium. If you're on a salt-restricted diet, and especially
if the diet is intended to treat high blood

38
pressure (hypertension), take a sodium-containing antacid only
under a doctor's orders. Second, Calcium Antacids form
of calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate are also potent and
fast-acting. Regular or heavy doses of calcium (more than five
or six times per week) can cause constipation. Heavy and
extended use of this product may clog your kidneys and cut
down the amount of blood they can process. Extended use of
calcium antacids can also cause kidney stones.
Lastly, Magnesium Antacids come in many forms --
carbonate, glycinate, hydroxide, oxide, trisilicate, and
aluminosilicate. Magnesium has a mild laxative effect; it can
cause diarrhea. For this reason, magnesium salts are rarely used
as the only active ingredients in an antacid, but are combined
with aluminum, which counteracts the laxative effect. Antacids
are used to counteract or neutralize acidity, especially in
your stomach. There are different types of antacids, those
containing calcium, magnesium, aluminum, sodium bicarbonate
and calcium in combination with magnesium and aluminum.
According to Albeit (2017), the best natural antacids are
whatever provides you with an anti acid benefit. Some of the
foods, dietary adjustments and behavior modifications shown to
have a natural antacid outcome are: increase dietary fiber, eat

39
bananas ~ also high in potassium, drink milk if you don’t
suffer lactose intolerance, sleep on a pillow wedge to help keep
acids in stomach, drink a glass of water after your meals to
dilute your stomach acid, avoid eating acidic foods like citrus,
peppermint, tomatoes, peppers, caffeine, eat yogurt
~ supports intestinal flora with healthy bacteria for food
breakdown, eat ice cream couple of hours before bedtime,
vanilla is best, avoid chocolate & peppermint.
Antacids reduce acidity by neutralizing (counteracting) acid,
reducing the acidity in the stomach, and reducing the amount of
acid that is refluxed into the esophagus or emptied into the
duodenum. Antacids also work by inhibiting the activity of
pepsin, a digestive enzyme produced in the stomach that is
active only in an acid environment and, like acid, is believed to
be injurious to the lining of the stomach, duodenum, and
esophagus. It is important to note that when antacids are taken
on an empty stomach they provide acid reduction for 20 to 40
minutes only because the antacid is rapidly emptied into the
duodenum. When taken after a meal, (approximately 1 hour
afterwards) antacids reduce acid for at least three hours
since foodfrom the meal slows emptying of the antacid (and
food) from the stomach. It is important to discuss the use of

40
antacids with a physician or pharmacist, especially if used in
combination with other prescribed medications so as to avoid
drug interactions.
Aluminum Hydroxide as Antacid
There are many types of Antacids and one of them is the
Kremil S or preferably called Aluminum Hydroxide. There is a
medication wherein it is treated with this type of antacid.
According to Gasa (2017), Aluminum hydroxide is a common
over the counter drug available across the globe to treat
heartburn and various other stomach and kidney disorders such
as ulcers and gas. It can be found in medicines that contain
more than active antacid ingredient. This comes generally in
liquid compositions and thus is better than tablets/capsules
because it works faster than the latter. Aluminum hydroxide is
taken alone or in combination with different GERD drugs like H2
blockers, proton pump inhibitor etc. as it does not prevent acid
production. So it is suitable for preliminary treatment of
heartburn only, if used alone. Increase in pH of the stomach.
Aluminum hydroxide effectively increases the pH of both

41
stomach and oesophagus after ingestion. In general, most
antacids like calcium carbonate can only increase the pH of
esophagus for a small amount of time, but do not show any
efficacy in the stomach. Aluminum hydroxide, on the other hand
increases the pH of not only the esophagus, but also of the
stomach, and for a longer time as compared to carbonates,
which makes them more efficient antacids and heartburn
relief agents . Increase in gastrin secretion.
Gastrin is a stomach hormone that stimulates the secretion
of gastric acid or HCL. It also has a growth promoting role on
the gastric mucosa. Gastric mucosa is a prime factor to protect
the stomach and the other parts of the gut from the
acid secretion . It has been shown that gastrin release in the
stomach after acidification reduces which in turn reduces the
efficiency of digestion. Experiments have suggested that when
the stomach is alkalized, the gastrin receptors become active
again to release gastrin even more to stimulate acid production
and hence promote effective digestion. This is in response to a
change in the gastric environment which is supposed to be acidic
all the time. Since aluminum hydroxide increase the pH, gastric
release is stimulated, promoting digestion and growth of the
mucosal lining, which reduces heartburn overall, and the

42
damages caused by it . Increase in LES pressure. LES or lower
esophageal sphincter muscle is a prime factor in preventing the
acid flow from the stomach to the esophagus. When the
pressure on this muscle is decreased, it relaxes and gives way to
the back flow of the stomach contents into the esophagus
causing heartburn. Gastrin is a major effector hormone that
controls the pressure of the LES. When gastrin secretion is low,
as caused by the desensitization of gastrin receptors due to
constant acidic environment, the pressure on the LES decreases
and the acid refluxes back. However, it has been shown that
aluminum hydroxide changes the gastric environment,
preventing the desensitization of the gastrin receptors which in
turn stimulates more gastrin secretion. This gastrin causes
increase in the pressure on the LES which then closes tightly
and doesn’t allow the acid to flow back, preventing heartburn.
However, it shouldn’t be taken for more than two weeks without
prescription, especially if there is no positive effect of the
medication or there is any kind of side effect or allergy which is
not normally stated in the instructions of the medication.
It is also important to keep a list of all the drugs both
prescribed and OTC including any dietary supplements and
vitamins/minerals. In such a case, a doctor should be consulted

43
to make sure none of the other prescribed drugs react with
Aluminum hydroxide being taken for heartburn. Also, some
people might be allergic to it, so all the sensitivities and allergies
should be beforehand informed to the doctor. Any dietary
instructions should also be confirmed by the doctor before
consumption of this medication. In case if a dose is missed, it
shouldn’t be compensated by taking a double dose the next time
or to take the missed dose at an un-prescribed timing. It is
advisable to leave the skipped dose and proceed with the normal
dose at the prescribed timing normally, or to consult a doctor if
the medication is being taken with other chronic GERD drugs. All
these drugs do not contain just aluminum hydroxide but a
mixture of aluminum and magnesium hydroxide in various
ratios, to increase its efficacy to treat preliminary cases of
heartburn. Some other drugs might contain other antacids too
in combination to the ones stated above while some could
contain drugs like proton pump inhibitors, used to treat chronic
GERD. Thus, the composition should always be checked before
purchasing the drug over the counter or without prescription.
The side effects of this drug are mentioned in the directions
given by the manufacturer. These generally include diarrhoea,
constipation and loss of appetite, weakness and tiredness. Any

44
other side effect such as allergy hives, fever, rectal bleeding or
worse should be immediately reported and the consumption
should be stopped. The drug is known to react with certain
antibiotics, vitamins, ketoconazole and other chemicals. It also
reduces the absorption of certain drugs in the stomach, making
them less efficient. So no drug should be taken in combination
with aluminum hydroxide unless prescribed by the doctor.
Aluminum hydroxide is also known to affect the phosphate levels
in the body so it should strictly never be taken without
prescription by kidney patients.
As stated by Alanid (2016), Aluminum hydroxide is an
effective antacid, providing immediate relief from heartburn for
a longer time. In general, its consumption is safe for adults and
pregnant women provided it is not combined with any other
drug or in any other disorder without prescription. Directions for
use provided by manufacturer are always to be taken care of
before consumption for better and problem-less treatment of
low level heartburns. In case of chronic GERD or prolonged acid
reflux, a doctor should always be consulted.

45
46
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the efficiency of Himalayan
Salt, Regular Salt and Antacid in regulating a solutions’ pH
balance among pH-controlled solvents. Specifically, this study
seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What are the pH levels of the solvent:
1.1 After 30 mins.
1.2 After 60 mins.
1.3 After 120 mins.
2. Which among the solute is the most efficient in regulating
pH level?
3. Is there any significant difference between the solvent’s
pH level before and after the test?
3.1 Acidic Solvent
3.2 Alkaline Solvent

47
Hypotheses:
H0 - There is no significant differences between the solvents’
pH level before and after the test.

48
Significance of the Study
Research is the best way to find solutions to medical issues
and problems to set standards for medical practice. The issue
that has been observed in the imbalance of potential Hydrogen
level on teenagers has been rampant and affects their lives
together with the hormonal swings. These recurring issues led
the researchers to conceptualize a study that will answer the
curiosity in identifying how to regulate these pH levels. The
results of this study will therefore, benefit the following sector;
Students – This research will give additional knowledge
towards students’ pH levels, and how they’re supposed to react
with this pH imbalance through proper and adequate salt,
coconut water and regular water intake, together with the z
variables that may improve pH balance;
Residents – Additional knowledge will be gained when
they are presented with information about the pH regulatory
capabilities of Himalayan salt and may even present it as a
remedy;
Medical Schools – Medical schools will be able to
incorporate results of this study into their medical practice
curriculum to further create medical advancements by having

49
more research conducted regarding how to further exemplify the
benefits of Himalayan salt ingestion.
Medical Practitioner(s) – This study aims to target
highly on medical practitioners regarding their perception on
treating diseases by killing it instead of regulating its
environment. The study aims to add knowledge that diseases
just like chronic illnesses can be prevented by regulating some
factors, in a nutshell, by taking off the suitable environment it
needs to grow; we can inhibit its growth.
Community – The Community will be benefited in a way
that they will be informed about the disadvantages of
imbalanced pH level on the body. In addition, the community
may gain knowledge about the importance of regulating pH
balance through home and non-synthetic remedies. This study
will also manifest different schools, in particular the Science and
Technology Education Center Senior High School, that their
students might be undergoing acidosis or any kind of pH
imbalance, and thus needs an equivalent reaction to modify its
adverse effects. Young people will also be more informed about
the perceived health benefits of the Himalayan salt and its
diverse usage as natural remedy.

50
Department of Health (DOH) – This study will benefit
the Department of Health by giving awareness about the diverse
usage of Himalayan salt as a natural remedy.
Future Researchers – This study certainly add future
knowledge to medical field as well as amateur researchers. This
study will serve as a guide to future researchers who are
particular in knowing the diverse effects of unbalanced pH level
and its correlation on occurrence of diseases. This study will also
serve as a guide to the next generation of researchers of
medicine particularly in gastroenterology.

51
DEFINITION OF TERMS
To fully understand the terms used in this study, they are
defined operationally:
Acid - a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton
or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a
covalent bond with an electron pair. A substance with a pH level
less than 7.
Acidosis - caused by an overproduction of acid in the blood or
an excessive loss of bicarbonate from the blood (metabolic
acidosis) or by a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood that
results from poor lung function or depressed breathing
(respiratory acidosis).
Alkaline - a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth
metal chemical element. An alkali also can be defined as a base
that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH
greater than 7.0.
Base - a molecule or iron capable of accepting proton from any
proton donors. A substance with a pH level higher than 7.

52
Himalayan Salt - is rock salt or halite from the Punjab region
of Pakistan. Commonly used in cooking, in place of other table
salt, and in brine.
pH - stands for power of hydrogen, a measurement of the
hydrogen ion concentration in the body.
pH Regulation - The process of operating in living organisms to
regulate the concentration of hydrogen ions and preserve a
viable acid-base state.

53
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study will use a quasi-experimental research design
applying the quantitative approach with pre-test-post-test
experimental design in data analysis. Experimental research
design describes and investigates the solvent’s pH level, and the
significant difference between the solvent’s pH level before and
after various time interval of different solute application.
This study will use non-parametric approaches in data
analysis to the 20 samples of each variation, to be done in STEC
(Science and Technology Education Center), Lapu-Lapu City.
Research Environment
This study will require an experimentation to be conducted in
a particular location in Pajac, Lapu-Lapu City, wherein the
temperature is within the range of 25ºC to 30ºC. This is because
according to Bhattacharjee (2015), the rise of temperature is
associated with increased molecular vibrations, upon increasing
the temperature, the observable [H+] also increases due to a

54
decreased tendency of Hydrogen bonds thus leading to a
reduction in the pH. Additionally, he said that in order to
neutralize the pH level at 7 the temperature must stay at 25 ºC
in this way, the pH level of the solution will be minimally
affected. The researchers also conducted the experiment at a
home set-up. However, the results may vary if the
experimentation was conducted in a laboratory. “The results
may not be as useful if they generalize beyond the experimental
setting of the research study” (Merrell et. al, 2014).
Research Samples
The researchers will utilize the non-probability sampling,
specifically the purposive sampling to gather data from the
samples.
The study will need a total of 200 samples; with a total of
40 samples for Himalayan Salt, 20 of which are acidic samples
with pH level of ±4.00, and the other 20 samples are alkaline
with pH level of ±9.00, , 40 Samples for Regular Salt, 20 of
which are acidic samples with pH level of ±4.00, and the other
20 samples are alkaline with pH level of ±9.00, 20 of which are
acidic samples with pH level of ±4.00, and the other 20 samples
are alkaline with pH level of ±9.00, and 40 samples for Antacid

55
Solute, 20 of which are acidic samples with pH level of ±4.00,
and the other 20 samples are alkaline with pH level of ±9.00,
and must meet the following criteria: 1) must be free of
detectable contaminants and pollution; 2) pH-modified samples
using the pH tester; and 3) aren’t expired samples.
Research Instruments
The study will conduct pre-test-post-test experimentation
which has three sub-questions to be analyzed mainly: 1) What
are the pH levels of the solvent?; 2) Is/Are there (a) significant
difference(s) between the solvent’s pH level before and after the
test?; and 3) Which among the solute is the most efficient in
regulating pH level? The researchers will use a red, electronic,
portable, lightweight, Yieryi digital pH tester with plastic
materials, video cameras, voice recorders, field notes,
transcripts, test tubes, Caro and Mari plastic measuring spoons
(15 grams), plastic measuring cups (250 mL), and droppers for
the materials, Aluminum Hydroxide as the antacid because
according to Gasa (2017), Aluminum hydroxide effectively
increases the pH of both stomach and oesophagus after
ingestion, regular salt, and Pink Himalayan Salt for the solute
and 2 liters of Nature’s Spring alkaline water (±9.00 pH), and 5

56
liters of Coca Cola as acidic water (±4.00) for the solvent. Most
importantly, the researchers controlled the room temperature at
25 ºC with the use of a 5-year old white manually controlled
Sanyo air conditioner.
Statistical tools such as non-parametric Friedman’s K-
Related Test Analysis and SPSS’ Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
analysis will also be used for precise results and inferences. It
will also present the Transmittal Letters, Parental Consents for
the Researchers; and the Informed Consent Form as well as
transcripts, solution sheets and video documentary.
Research Procedures
After acquiring the approval of the research topic and
formal permission from STEC Senior High School Department, as
well as the specialized panelists’ permit and the research
adviser, the researchers will proceed to the gathering of the
data needed focusing on the profile of the samples to be used
and their chemical reaction. A modified standard pH level digital
tester will be used to measure their pH levels before the
application of the solute and after various time intervals in a
controlled environment, maintaining the temperature at 25°-30°
degrees celsius, specifically after 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and

57
120 minutes. This is because according to Bhattacharjee (2015),
in order to neutralize the pH level at 7 the temperature must
stay at 25 ºC in this way, the pH level of the solution will be
minimally affected. The solution shall be agitated for 30 seconds
to firmly dissolve the solute. For this, the researchers are
allotting more or less than two (2) months to gather all the data
needed and analyze it using the appropriate statistical tool –
non-parametric Friedman’s K-Related Test Analysis to know
whether there is a significant difference between the test
sample’s pH level before and after two (2) hours of submersion
to various solutes, G-power in selecting the number of samples,
and SPSS’ Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test analysis, to gain
knowledge in which specific time interval does the significant
difference appear. To compare the over-all difference, the
researchers will be averaging the after one-hundred twenty
(120) minutes of submersion and compile them in a table for
raw analysis. The data collected will be coded and interpreted by
the researchers. Crafting of the conclusion, recommendations,
and proposed improvements will be done after results of the
data have been analyzed and examined. A 5-minute
documentary video will also be prepared based on the concept
of the problem, findings and conclusion and will include an

58
interview to a nutritionist dietician by profession to gain
knowledge whether this research is legitimately significant or
not.
CHAPTER II
PRESENTATION OF DATA,
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND
PROPOSED OUTPUT
I. Gathered Data for Acidic Solvents
Table I.I.
0.4004 Molar Concentration

Before 30 mins. 60 mins. 120 mins.
4.00 4.86 4.97 5.04
4.00 4.41 4.43 4.44
4.00 5.22 5.23 5.21
4.00 4.38 4.54 4.38
4.00 4.54 4.65 4.54
4.00 5.11 5.32 5.09
4.00 4.76 4.88 4.66
4.00 4.76 4.98 4.57
4.00 4.37 4.48 4.26
4.00 4.71 4.92 4.67
4.00 5.23 5.32 5.11
4.00 4.36 4.57 4.26
4.00 4.62 4.74 4.53
4.00 4.73 4.84 4.62
4.00 4.76 4.88 4.67
4.00 5.27 5.48 5.17
4.00 5.13 5.24 5.02
4.00 5.02 5.14 4.82
4.00 5.29 5.31 5.19
4.00 5.34 5.45 5.04
Table for Regular Iodized Salt - NaI

59
Table I.I. shows the gathered data for regular iodized salt’s
chemical reaction with acidic water for up to 120 minutes. The
data was recorded in intervals in order to garner more accurate
data and will be interpreted using non-parametric tests.
Table I.II.

4.00 4.35 4.40 4.45
4.00 3.68 3.70 3.79
4.00 4.62 4.71 4.75
4.00 4.39 4.42 4.50
4.00 3.98 3.53 3.59
4.00 3.77 3.84 3.92
4.00 3.98 3.45 3.57
4.00 3.94 3.47 3.58
4.00 3.73 3.83 3.96
4.00 4.53 4.59 4.69
4.00 4.57 4.60 4.87
4.00 4.67 4.69 4.82
4.00 4.60 4.75 4.98
4.00 4.37 4.49 4.67
4.00 4.10 4.28 4.48
4.00 3.89 3.97 4.31
4.00 4.42 4.48 4.61
4.00 4.30 4.50 4.67
4.00 3.87 3.95 4.10
4.00 4.00 4.20 4.34
Table for Himalayan Salt - NaCl
Table I.II. shows the gathered data for Himalayan salt’s
chemical reaction with acidic water for up to 120 minutes. The

60
Table I.III.

4.00 6.73 6.90 7.09
4.00 7.04 7.22 7.59
4.00 6.36 6.47 6.67
4.00 6.98 7.03 7.65
4.00 6.60 6.93 7.22
4.00 6.52 6.70 7.00
4.00 6.66 6.82 7.13
4.00 6.78 6.92 7.03
4.00 7.14 7.30 7.42
4.00 6.34 6.53 6.79
4.00 6.72 6.80 7.28
4.00 7.14 7.24 7.77
4.00 6.17 6.30 6.67
4.00 6.99 7.11 7.29
4.00 6.91 7.07 7.26
4.00 6.60 6.79 7.00
4.00 6.89 6.95 7.06
4.00 6.17 6.20 6.68
4.00 6.80 6.98 7.24
4.00 6.20 6.41 6.70
Table for Commercialized Antacid (Kremil-S) – Al(OH )3

61
Table I.III. shows the gathered data for Antacid’s chemical
reaction with acidic water for up to 120 minutes. The data was
recorded in intervals in order to garner more accurate data and
will be interpreted using non-parametric tests.
II. Interpretation of Data for Acidic Solvents
II.I. Test Statistics for Himalayan Salt Solution
Table II.I.I.
VARIABLE CHI- P-VALUE DECISION Interpretation

for H0
SQUARE
Difference 19.734 0.000193 Reject There is

Between sufficient
Himalayan evidence to
Salt and reject null
Time hypothesis
Interval
Significant Difference between the Chemical Reaction of Himalayan Salt

Before and After 2 Hours of Submersion
Table II.I.I presents the Friedman test statistics for the
overall Himalayan salt solution’s chemical reaction with acidic
water. This data has two possible outcomes, namely the null and
the alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis suggests that

62
there is no significant difference between Himalayan salt and
time intervals, while alternative hypothesis, on the other hand
suggests, that there is significant difference between the
Himalayan salt solution and time interval.
With a Chi-Square (X2) = 19.734, number of samples (n) =
20, degree of freedom (df) = 3, and a significance level (p) is
0.000193, therefore the test statistics for Himalayan salt
solution suggests that there is a significant difference between
the time interval of the salt’s submersion in the solvent, given
that p < 0.05 in order for to have a significant difference
between the two, meaning, there is sufficient evidence to reject
the null hypothesis.
Table II.I.II
Variable Himala Himala Himala Himala Himala Himala

yan 30 yan 60 yan yan 60 yan yan
– – 120 – - 120 – 120 –
Himala Himala Himala Himala Himala Himala
yan yan yan yan30 yan 30 yan 60
Before Before Before
Chi Square - - -
-2.763b -1.793b
Value -2.13 1.829b 2.017 3.922b
b
0.033 0.00008
P value 0.067 0.006 0.073 0.044
8
63
Decision for Reject

H0
There is enough evidence to reject the null
Interpretation
hypothesis
Significant Difference between pH in Individual Time Intervals
Table II.I.II shows the significance levels of each time
intervals. This table ought to develop an interpretation and know
which specifically among the time intervals does the significant
difference between the Himalayan salt solutions occurs.
Using Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the intervals between the
beforehand application of the Himalayan salt and its chemical
reaction after 120 mins., as well as the chemical reaction of
Himalayan salt between the 60th min. And the 120th min.
distinguishes the specific significant difference time interval for
the Himalayan salt to react the most. With the significance level
of 0.006 for beforehand application to 120 mins. of submerging,
and a z-value = -1.829, therefore there is sufficient evidence to
reject the null hypothesis. The same goes with the chemical
reaction of Himalayan salt within 60 – 120 mins. of sumberging,
where p < .017, and its p = <.0005.
II.II. Test Statistics for Regular Salt Solution
Table II.II.I.

SQUARE for H0
64
Difference 53.273 0.000000 Reject There is enough

between
Regular evidence to reject
Salt and
Time null hypothesis
Interval
Significant Difference between the Chemical Reaction of Regular Salt Before
and After 2 Hours of Submersion
Table II.II.I presents the Friedman test statistics for the
overall regular salt solution’s chemical reaction with acidic
Regular salt solution and time interval
0.000000, therefore the test statistics for regular salt solution
suggests that there is a significant difference between the time
interval of the salt’s submersion in the solvent, given that p <
0.05 in order for to have a significant difference between the
two, meaning, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null
hypothesis.
65
Table II.II.II
Variable Regular Regula Regula Regula Regula Regula

30 – r 60 – r 120 - r 60 – r 120 – r 120 -
Regular Regula Regula Regula Regula Regula
Before r r r 30 r 30 r 60
Before Before
Chi Square -3.921b -3.921b -3.921b -3.939b -2.945c -3.776
Value
0.00008 0.00008 0.00010
0.000087 0.000088 0.003
8 7 8
P value
Decision for Reject
H0
There is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis
Interpretation
Significant Difference Between pH in Individual Time Intervals
Table II.II.II shows the significance levels of each time

66
difference between the Regular salt solutions occur.
beforehand application of the Regular salt and its chemical
Regular salt between the time frame of 30 to 60 min, 30 to 120
mins, 60 to 120 mins. All but one interval, 30 to 120 mins,
showed a different result. Nevertheless, this can be elucidated
that Regular Salt works immediately after 30 mins. With the
significance level of 0.006 before the application of the salt
solution to 120 mins. of submerging, and a z-value = -3.921,
therefore there is sufficient evidence to reject the null
hypothesis. The same goes with the chemical reaction of Regular
salt all throughout the time of submerging, where p <.017, and
its p = <.0005.
II.III. Test Statistics for Antacid
Table II.III.I.

SQUARE for H0
Difference There is sufficient

between
60.000 0.000000 Reject
Antacid evidence to reject
Solution
and Time
67
Interval null hypothesis
Significant Difference between the Chemical Reaction of Antacid Before and
After 2 Hours of Submersion
Table II.III.I presents the Friedman test statistics for the
overall Antacid solution’s chemical reaction with acidic water.
This data has two possible outcomes, namely the null and the
alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis suggests that there
is no significant difference between Antacid and time intervals,
while alternative hypothesis, on the other hand suggests, that
there is significant difference between the Antacid solution and
time interval
With a Chi-Square (X 2) = 60, number of samples (n) = 20,
degree of freedom (df) = 3, and a significance level (p) is
0.000000, therefore the test statistics for Antacid solution
interval of the ’s submersion in the solvent, given that p < 0.05
in order for to have a significant difference between the two,
meaning, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null
hypothesis.
68
Table II.III.II
Antacid Antacid Antacid Antacid Antacid Antacid

30 – 60 – 120 – 60 – 120 – 120 –
Variable
Antacid Antacid Antacid Antacid Antacid Antacid
Before Before Before 30 30 60
Chi-Square
-3.921b -3.920b -3.921b
Value -3.921b -3.920b -3.922b
P Value
0.000088 0.000089 0.000088 0.000087 0.000088 0.000088
Decision for
Reject
Ho
Interpretation There is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis

69
Significant Difference between pH in Individual Time Intervals
Table II.III.II shows the significance levels of each time
difference between the Antacid solution occurs.
Using Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the intervals from
beforehand application of Antacid until the 120th min. shows
significant difference with at least p<0.0005.
III. Gathered Data for Alkaline Solvent
Table III.I.

9.00 8.72 8.38 8.41
9.00 8.70 8.41 8.22
9.00 8.66 8.40 8.16
9.00 8.70 8.40 8.19
9.00 8.69 8.39 8.37
9.00 8.71 8.41 8.20
9.00 8.67 8.37 8.16
9.00 8.70 8.40 8.38
9.00 8.66 8.36 8.34
9.00 8.71 8.41 8.20
9.00 8.69 8.39 8.37
9.00 8.66 8.36 8.15
9.00 8.68 8.38 8.17
70
9.00 8.71 8.41 8.37

9.00 8.68 8.38 8.36
9.00 8.66 8.36 8.15
9.00 8.71 8.41 8.39
9.00 8.70 8.40 8.36
9.00 8.66 8.36 8.32
9.00 8.69 8.39 8.18
Table for Regular Iodized Salt - NaI
Table III.I. shows the gathered data for Regular Salt salt’s
chemical reaction with alkaline water for up to 120 minutes. The

71
Table III.II.

9.00 8.64 8.76 8.87
9.00 8.48 8.55 8.61
9.00 8.41 8.47 8.52
9.00 8.45 8.47 8.49
9.00 8.52 8.56 8.58
9.00 8.62 8.64 8.69
9.00 8.48 8.52 8.54
9.00 8.57 8.61 8.63
9.00 8.51 8.55 8.57
9.00 8.60 8.64 8.66
9.00 8.48 8.56 8.58
9.00 8.57 8.59 8.64
9.00 8.39 8.47 8.53
9.00 8.40 8.44 8.46
9.00 8.56 8.58 8.60
9.00 8.63 8.71 8.81
9.00 8.49 8.51 8.56
9.00 8.50 8.54 8.59
9.00 8.48 8.50 8.60
9.00 8.57 8.59 8.61
Table for Himalayan Salt - NaCl
Table III.II shows the gathered data for Himalayan salt’s

72
Table III.III.

9.00 9.29 9.24 9.19
9.00 9.10 9.12 9.14
9.00 9.05 9.08 9.11
9.00 9.14 9.18 9.13
9.00 9.09 9.20 9.15
9.00 9.18 9.22 9.17
9.00 9.11 9.14 9.09
9.00 9.20 9.27 9.15
9.00 9.24 9.22 9.17
9.00 9.19 9.23 9.18
9.00 9.06 9.09 9.04
9.00 9.08 9.15 9.10
9.00 9.14 9.18 9.13
9.00 9.17 9.24 9.19
9.00 9.27 9.31 9.16
9.00 9.13 9.16 9.11
9.00 9.24 9.27 9.12
9.00 9.25 9.29 9.14
9.00 9.21 9.25 9.11
9.00 9.10 9.18 9.11
Table for Commercialized Antacid (Kremil-S) – Al(OH )3
Table III.III. shows the gathered data for Antacid’s

73
74
IV. Interpretation of Data for Alkaline Solvent
IV.I. Test Statistics for Himalayan Salt Solution
Table IV.I.I.

SQUARE for H0

between
60.000 0.000000 Reject
Himalayan evidence to reject
Salt and
Interval
Significant Difference between the Chemical Reaction of Himalayan Salt
Before and After 2 Hours of Submersion
Table IV.I.I presents the Friedman test statistics for the
overall Himalayan salt solution’s chemical reaction with alkaline
Himalayan salt solution and time interval
0.000000, therefore the test statistics for Himalayan salt
solution suggests that there is a significant difference between

75
the time interval of the salt’s submersion in the solvent, given
that p < 0.05 in order for to have a significant difference
between the two, meaning, there is sufficient evidence to reject
the null hypothesis.
Table IV.I.II
Variables: Himalay Himalay Himalay Himalay Himalay Himalay

an 30 – an 60 – an 120 an 60 – an 120 an 120
Himalay Himalay – Himalay – –
an an Himalay an 30 Himalay Himalay
Before Before an an 30 an 60
Before
-3.925b -3.923b -3.921b -3.960b -3.935c -3.985c
Chi-Square
0.000087 0.0000880.000088 0.000075 0.000083 0.000067

P – Value
Reject
Decision for H0
There is sufficient evidence to reject the null
Interpretation hypothesis
Table IV.I.II shows the significance levels of each time
difference between the Himalayan salt solution occurs.
beforehand application of the Himalayan salt and its chemical

76
Himalayan salt between the 60th min. And the 120th min.
distinguishes the specific significant difference time interval for
the Himalayan salt to react the most. With the significance level
of 0.006 for beforehand application to 120 mins. of submerging,
and a z-value = -3.923, therefore there is sufficient evidence to
reject the null hypothesis. The same goes with the chemical
reaction of Himalayan salt within 60 – 120 mins. of submerging,
where p = <.0005.
IV.II. Test Statistics for Regular Salt Solution
Table IV.II.I.

SQUARE for H0

between
58.860 0.000000 Reject
Salt and
Interval
Significant Difference between the Chemical Reaction of Regular Salt Before
and After 2 Hours of Submersion
Table II.II.I presents the Friedman test statistics for the
overall regular salt solution’s chemical reaction with alkaline

77
Regular salt solution and time interval
0.000000, therefore the test statistics for regular salt solution
interval of the salt’s submersion in the solvent, given that p <
0.05 in order for to have a significant difference between the
hypothesis.
78
Table IV.II.II
Variables Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular

30 – 60 – 120 – 30 – 30 – 120 –
Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular
Before Before Before 60 120 60
Chi- -3.925 -3.923 -3.921 -3.985 -3.935 -3.698
Square
P-value 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002
83 83 88 23 74 17
Decision
Reject
for H0
Interpreta There is no sufficient evidence to reject the null
tion hypothesis
Table IV.II.II shows the significance levels of each time
difference between the Regular salt solutions occur.
beforehand application of the Regular salt and its chemical
reaction after 120 mins. has the same results as with the
Himalayan salt submerged into the alkaline water. All of the
following intervals displayed at least p<0.0005. Therefore there
is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

79
IV.III. Test Statistics for Antacid
Table IV.III.I.

SQUARE for H0

between
48.480 0.000000 Reject
Salt and
Interval
Significant Difference between the Chemical Reaction of Antacid Before and
After 2 Hours of Submersion
Table IV.III.I presents the Friedman test statistics for the
overall Antacid solution’s chemical reaction with alkaline water.
This data has two possible outcomes, namely the null and the
alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis suggests that there
is no significant difference between Antacid and time intervals,
while alternative hypothesis, on the other hand suggests, that
there is significant difference between the Antacid solution and
time interval
0.000000, therefore the test statistics for Antacid solution

80
interval of the antacid’s submersion in the solvent, given that p
< 0.05 in order for to have a significant difference between the
hypothesis.
Table IV.III.II
Variables Antacid Antacid Antacid Antacid Antacid Antacid

30 – 60 – 120 – 60 – 120 – 120 –
Antacid Antacid Antacid Antacid Antacid 30 Antacid 60
Before Before Before 30
Chi - - - -3.923b - -1.573c -3.851c

b b
Squared 3.921 3.922 3.328b
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.001 0.116 0.000118

P - Value
88 88 87
Decision for
Reject Accept Reject
H0
There is
There is no sufficient
There is sufficient
sufficient evidence evidence
Interpretation evidence to reject
to reject the null to reject
the null hypothesis
hypothesis the null
hypothesis
Table IV.III.II shows the significance levels of each time
difference between the Antacid solution occurs.

81
Using Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the intervals from
beforehand application of Antacid until the 120th min. shows
significant difference with each at least p<0.0005 except for the
30 to 60 mins. time interval and the 30 to 120 mins time
interval. However, most of the results are below the p<0.017
and only one exceeded the p., during the 30 to 120 mins time
interval, therefore there is sufficient evidence to reject the null
hypothesis.
V. Solvents with Solution After 120 mins.
V.I. Solvents’ Average in Acidic Solvent
Himalayan Salt Regular Salt Antacid

4.48 4.76 7.13
The table V.I. shown above is the average of 20 samples of
each salt solution: Himalayan Salt, Regular Salt and Antacid
after 120 minutes of the solution’s submersion in the acidic
solvent. We can infer that after getting the average score of the
solution, Antacid works best in regulating the pH level of the
acidic solvent with 7.13 pH level then Regular Salt with 4.76 pH
level and lastly, the Himalayan Salt with 4.48 after submerging
it into the solvent for 120 minutes. 7.31 – 9 / 2 times 100 =
84.5
82
V.II. Solvents’ Average in Alkaline Solvent
Himalayan
Antacid Regular Salt
Salt
9.15 8.67 8.28
The table V.II shown above is the average of 20 samples of
each salt solution: Himalayan Salt, Regular Salt and Antacid
after 120 minutes of the solution’s submersion in the alkaline
solvent. We can infer that after getting the average score of the
solution, Antacid works most inefficiently in regulating the pH
level of the acidic solvent with 9.15 pH level then Himalayan Salt
with 8.67 pH level and lastly, the most efficient in regulating
alkalinity, which is, the Regular Salt garnering a basic 8.28 pH
level after submerging it into the solvent for 120 minutes.
VI. Acid-Regulation Efficiency
From the gathered data, the most efficient acid neutralizer
was seen to be the antacid, next to regular salt and lastly,
Himalayan.
VI.I - Regarding the Himalayan salt, it can be inferred
that with an average of 4.33, there is only an 11% efficiency
rate and is therefore relatively slow in regulating acidic water.
VI.II – Regarding the regular salt, with an average of
4.76, which is relatively higher than the previous reading, it can

83
be inferred that it has an efficiency rate of 25.33%. This
efficiency rate is still relatively lower knowing the fact that we
need at least 28% efficiency rate to somehow neutralize the
acidity.
VI.III – Taking the Antacid into account, with an average
pH level after 120 minutes of 7.13 pH, therefore we can infer
that there is 99.47% efficiency rate and is so-far the most
efficient rating that we could have for a solute.
VII. Alkaline-Regulation Efficiency
From the gathered data, the most efficient alkaline
neutralizer was observed to be the regular salt, Himalayan salt
comes in second and antacid took the last place.
VII.I – Concerning the Himalayan salt from the data
gathered, with an average of 8.61, there is only 19.5%
efficiency rate hence it is comparatively slow in regulating
alkaline water
VII.II – With respect to the regular salt, with an average
of 8.27, we can deduce 36.5% efficiency rate based on the data
gathered and is considerably higher than the efficiency rate of
the Himalayan salt.

84
VII.III – Last but not the least, the Antacid with an
average of 9.14 showed an efficiency rate of 7% which is
noticeably slow than its efficiency rate in acidic water.
CHAPTER III
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
Summary of Findings
I. Acid-Regulation Efficiency
From the gathered data, the most efficient acid neutralizer
was seen to be the antacid, next to regular salt and lastly,
Himalayan.
I.I - Regarding the Himalayan salt, it can be inferred that
with an average of 4.33, there is only an 11% efficiency rate
and is therefore relatively slow in regulating acidic water.
I.II – Regarding the regular salt, with an average of 4.76,
which is relatively higher than the previous reading, it can be
inferred that it has an efficiency rate of 25.33%. This efficiency

85
rate is still relatively lower knowing the fact that we need at
least 28% efficiency rate to somehow neutralize the acidity.
I.III – Taking the Antacid into account, with an average
pH level after 120 minutes of 7.13 pH, therefore we can infer
that there is 99.47% efficiency rate and is so-far the most
efficient rating that we could have for a solute.
II. Alkaline-Regulation Efficiency
From the gathered data, the most efficient alkaline
neutralizer was observed to be the regular salt, Himalayan salt
comes in second and antacid took the last place.
II.I – Concerning the Himalayan salt from the data
gathered, with an average of 8.61, there is only 19.5%
efficiency rate hence it is comparatively slow in regulating
alkaline water
II.II – With respect to the regular salt, with an average of
8.27, we can deduce 36.5% efficiency rate based on the data
gathered and is considerably higher than the efficiency rate of
the Himalayan salt.

86
II.III – Last but not the least, the Antacid with an
average of 9.14 showed an efficiency rate of 7% which is
noticeably slow than its efficiency rate in acidic water.
Conclusion
From the data gathered, the interpretation between the
efficiency of Himalayan Salt, Regular Salt, Antacid in regulating
the pH level indicates to have a significant difference before and
after the submersion of the salt solution in the solvent.
I. Chemical Reaction with Acidic Solvent
For the Himalayan Salt, the results have found sufficient
evidence to reject the null hypothesis saying that it does not
show a significant difference between the time interval of the
salt’s submersion in the solvent.

87
In the case of the Regular Salt, with sufficient evidence to
support the claim, the null hypothesis is rejected saying that
Regular Salt does not show a significant difference between the
time interval of the salt’s submersion in the solvent.
As for the Antacid, all the pH level between the time interval
showed a significant difference thus the null hypothesis can be
rejected.
This can be understood that the 4 solutes: Himalayan Salt,
Regular Salt and Antacid can be used to regulate the pH level in
the body. It is preconceived that the antacid would be the best
and most efficient in regulating pH level, just by the fact that it
was commercially-made just to regulate gastrointestinal acid pH
levels. But, the fact that Himalayan salt also had significant
regulatory properties is already a good point that it can be an
alternative to synthetic drugs, and that it has trace minerals as
incentives in ingesting it.
II. Chemical Reaction in Alkaline Solvent
In terms of regulating the pH level in an alkaline state, the
interpretation between the efficiency of Himalayan Salt, Regular
Salt and Antacid indicates to have a significant difference before
and after salt’s submersion in the solvent.

88
For the Himalayan Salt, the outcomes are found to have
enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis saying that
Himalayan Salt does not show a significant difference after 120
minutes of submersion in the solvent.
With reference to the Regular Salt, all pH level between time
intervals showed a significant difference and can support the
allegation that it does show a significant difference and can
regulate the body’s pH level therefore rejecting the null
hypothesis.
Lastly, the Antacid which has only two time intervals that
does not reach the significance level can be presumed that it can
regulate pH levels of the body except between the mentioned
two time intervals and can reject the null hypothesis that it does
not show significant difference before and after the submersion
of the solution in the solvent.
With this, it can be acknowledged that the three salt
solution: Himalayan Salt, Regular Salt and Antacid can be used
to regulate the pH level in the body. It is assumed that the
Regular salt would be the best in regulating the pH level since it
has the highest efficiency rate than the Himalayan salt in both
variations: (1) Acidic pH; (2) Alkaline pH.

89
Recommendations
In this research, the researchers were able to put up only
20 samples for every 250 mL of solvent and was unable to put
up a variety of concentration due to financial constraints. Thus,
it is recommended by the researchers to do experimentation
with varying molar concentration in order to see whether there
is a significant difference if the solution get more concentrated
and vice versa.
The use of a digital pH level tester in testing the various
pH levels is a time and commercially viable alternative compared

90
to the use of Litmus paper as it provides a numerical value and
increases accuracy to improve calculations.
The experiment be done with samples of a number greater
than 30 to increase accuracy during treatment and making it
viable for parametric test analysis.
The researchers also recommend the option of doing live
experiments, to humans, where the subjects' pH level are
recorded before and after the intake of the solute.
The researchers would also like to recommend analyzing
the overall factors that may affect the pH level, in that way, the
future researchers would be able to manipulate all the z-
variables and yield more accurate findings.
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER (STEC)

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
TRANSMITTAL LETTER
September 19, 2016
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
Warm Greetings!
The undersigned students are currently finishing their Quantitative Research

work at Science Technology Education Center (STEC), Basak, Lapu-Lapu City. In
compliance for the requirements of the course, the undersigned students are now
working on the research entitled,
102
“Efficiency in Regulating Body pH Balance Through Himalayan
Salt, Regular Salt, and Commercialized Antacids”
In this connection, the undersigned students are asking your permission and
approval to conduct their study within their Academic premises and perform an in-
depth discussion interview with their respective qualified scientists.
Rest assured that the findings will be utilized for the improvement of
the welfare in general and will benefit the society having unbalanced pH
levels to have more alternative in case of acid refluxes.
Thank you.
Respectfully yours,
Jose Virgilio G. Calambuhay Jr. Charisse L. Longos

Andrea Paula A. Malawi Matthew Dune Joel P. Oville
Norberto C. Dabalos III Jerel John Velarde
Recommended by:
RITZEL R. MONTALBAN
Research Teacher
Noted by:
MRS. LINA M. MAISO

STEC SHS Principal
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER (STEC)

PARENTAL LETTER
Instruction: Please complete the following, sign and return to:.

Ms. Ritzel R. Montalban, STEC Research Teacher
Name of student: _____________________ Age: ____________
Name of Parent/Guardian: ________________________________
Address: ___________________________________
Mobile: ____________________________________
103
Family Doctor ________________ Doctor’s Tel No: _________________

Does your child suffer from any medical conditions/allergies that the teacher/ coach should
be aware of (including any current medication)
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Please provide details of medication that must be administered:
Emergency contact details: (If different from above)
Name: _____________________________ Telephone no: __________________

Relationship to child: ________________________________________________
CONSENT (please read carefully)
a) I agree to my son/ daughter taking part in the Field Work/Immersion in partial

fulfillment of the Research Course Work to develop the independent and critical skills of the
students.
b) I confirm to the best of my knowledge that my son/ daughter does not suffer from
any medical condition other than those listed above.
c) I fully support the research undertaking of my son/daughter through minimal
financial cost and through my attendance/presence if so desired.
d) I consent to my son/ daughter traveling by any form of public transport, minibus or
motor vehicle by land or water in the course of gathering research data.
e) I understand that the teacher/school accept no responsibility for any untoward
incident, damage or injury caused by or during attendance based on the attached schedules
of the field work/gathering data.
Signed ………………………………….....................… (Parent/ Guardian)
Date: ……………………………
(Append approved transmittal letter, budget costing, and field schedule
INFORMED CONSENT LETTER
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION CENTER
Please consider this information carefully before deciding whether to participate in this
research.
Purpose of the research: To evaluate the pH level regulatory efficiency of Himalayan salt,
regular table salt, and commercialized Antacid.
What you will do in this research: If you decide to volunteer, you will be asked to
participate in the data gathering through experimentation, with your permission, we will be
conducting documentaries and some experiments in your grounds. You will not be asked to
state your name on the recording.
Time required: 5 hours

104
No risks are anticipated.

Benefits: This is a chance for you to tell your story about your life and experiences
concerning a family relative diagnosed with autism.
Compensation: No remuneration but you will be provided with snacks.
Confidentiality: Your responses to interview questions will be kept confidential. At no time

will your actual identity be revealed. You will be assigned a random numerical code. Anyone
who helps me transcribe responses will only know you by this code. The recording will be
destroyed as soon as it has been transcribed. or when my final paper has been graded, or
when my dissertation has been accepted. The transcript, without your name, will be kept
until the research is complete.
The key code linking your name with your number will be kept in a locked file cabinet in a
locked office, and no one else will have access to it. It will be destroyed. The data you give
me will be used for the Action Research I am currently writing and may be used as the
basis for articles or presentations in the future. I won’t use your name or information that
would identify you in any publications or presentations.
Participation and withdrawal: Your participation in this study is completely voluntary,

and you may refuse to participate or withdraw from the study without penalty or loss of
benefits to which you may otherwise be entitled. You will receive payment based on the
proportion of the study you completed. You may withdraw by informing the experimenter
that you no longer wish to participate (no questions will be asked). You may skip any
question during the interview, but continue to participate in the rest of the study.
To Contact the Researchers: If you have questions or concerns about this research,
please contact: JOSE VIRGILIO CALAMBUHAY, STEC SHS, mobile number 09323554820
Agreement:
The nature and purpose of this research have been sufficiently explained and I agree to
participate in this study. I understand that I am free to withdraw at any time without
incurring any penalty.
Signature: _____________________________________ Date: __________________
Name (print): ________________________________________________

DOCUMENTARY PICTURES
MATERIALS:
105
pH tester
Timer
106
Measuring spoons
Himalayan salt
107
Coke (1 liter)
Water (pH9)
108
Measuring Cups
pH Buffers
109
PREPARING & TESTING THE MATERIALS:
Pilot Testing of the pH Tester

110
JV Calambuhay, research leader, together with Andrea

Malawi prepares the materials for the experiment
111
PROPOSED BUDGET
Resources/Materials Estimate Cost
Nature Spring – 80 X 4 Php 320

Coke- 1 liter – 40 X 7 L Php 280
Himalayan Salt – 2 packs X 500 Php 1,000
pH tester Php 2,000
Buffer Php 500
Antacid tablets – 110 X 5.75 Php 632.5
Butong – 25 X 5 Php 125
Fare (2 months) Php 200
Tools – bond papers, fastener, folder, Php 700
printing & photocopy
TOTAL Php 3,837.5
Prepared by:
Norberto C. Dabalos III

Name and Signature
Approved by:
MS. RITZEL MONTALBAN

Research Instructor
112
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115
116
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118
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1

Region VII, Central Visayas

Science and Technology Education Center

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu 6015

PH Level Control using Himalayan Salt, Regular Salt

and Commercialized Antacids

Jose Virgilio Calambuhay Jr.

Norberto Dabalos III

Andrea Paula Malawi

Matthew Dune Oville

Jerel John Velarde

Title : EFFICIENCY IN REGULATING PH LEVEL

Name : Jose Virgilio G. Calambuhay Jr.; Andrea

Strand : Grade 11 STEM – Mendel

School year : 2017 – 2018

Adviser : Ms. Ritzel R. Montalban

Keywords : Himalayan Salt, Regular Salt, Efficiency, pH

The study PH Level Control using Himalayan Salt, Regular

Salt and Commercialized Antacids aims to evaluate the efficiency

of Himalayan salt, regular salt and antacid in regulating pH

levels as well as gain knowledge as to which of the following

afore-mentioned solutes are the most effective through

controlled experiments and observations. It was expected for

the following solutes to become as much as effective as they are

said to have pH regulatory properties. The study will utilize the

controlled experiment strategy: with the experimentation and

observation conducted in Lapu-Lapu City. From the data

gathered, the interpretation between the efficiency of Himalayan

Salt, Regular Salt and Antacid in regulating the pH level

indicates to have a significant difference before and after the

submersion of the salt solution in the solvent.

a significance level of p<0.0005 therefore rejecting the null

hypothesis saying that it does not show a significant difference

between the time interval of the salt’s submersion in the

In the case of the Regular Salt, with sufficient evidence to

support the claim, p<0.0005 as the significance level, the null

hypothesis is rejected saying that Regular Salt does not show a

significant difference between the time interval of the salt’s

submersion in the solvent.

As for the Antacid, all time intervals showed a significance

level of p<0.0005 thus the null hypothesis can be rejected

saying that Antacid does not show a significant difference

between the time interval of the solution’s submersion in the

This can be understood that the three salt solution:

Himalayan Salt, Regular Salt and Antacid can be used to

regulate the pH level in the body. It is preconceived that the

antacid would be the best and most efficient in regulating pH

level, just by the fact that it was commercially-made just to

regulate gastrointestinal pH levels. But, the fact that Himalayan

salt is also had significant regulatory properties is already a

good point that it can be an alternative to synthetic drugs, and

that it has trace minerals as incentives in ingesting it.

The researchers: Jose Virgilio G. Calambuhay Jr, Charisse L.

Longos, Andrea Paula Malawi, Norberto C. Dabalos III, Jerel

John Velarde, and Matthe Dune Joel P. Oville of Science and

Technology Education Center taking the Science, Technology,

Engineering and Mathematics will conduct the study with the

help of the adviser Ms. Ritzel R. Montalban. The research paper

contains 104 pages.

We, the researchers wish to express our sincerest gratitude,

knowledge, wisdom, strength, courage and perseverance; to the

persons who contributed in the realization of this Investigatory