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Date 2023-01-27

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Saussure contended that language must be considered as a social phenomenon, a structured system that can be
viewed synchronically (as it exists at any particular time) and diachronically (as it
changes in the course of time).

He introduced two terms that have become common currency in linguistics—“parole,” or the speech of the individual
person, and “langue,” the system underlying speech activity.
In order to successfully follow any linguistic study according to Saussure, it is important to understand three of his
terms: ‘speech,’ ‘language,’ and ‘speaking,’ or ‘langage,’ ‘langue,’ and ‘parole’ respectively.
Saussure draws a distinction between language (langue) and the activity of speaking (parole).
Speaking is an activity of the individual; language is the social manifestation of speech.
Language is a system of signs that evolves from the activity of speech.

Language is a link between thought and sound, and is a means for thought to be expressed as sound. Thoughts have to
become ordered, and sounds have to be articulated, for language to occur.
Saussure says that language is really a borderland between thought and sound, where thought and sound combine to
provide communication.
According to Saussure, synchronic linguistics is the study of language at a particular point in time, and diachronic
linguistics is the historical or evolutionary study of language which is dependent
on social activity and change.
Diachronic changes occur within individual speaking patterns before being eventually accepted as a part of language.
Saussure argued signs consisted of two parts. He defined the physical form of the sign, whether it was written or spoken

language, as the signifier. These shapes and sounds then signified certain mental concepts to the audience. For instance,
when we write or say the word “tree”, we immediately visualize a tree with its long roots, branches and leaves.
The same basic process can be applied to any word.
When you see the signifier “pull” on a door, you know to reach for the handle. If you hear the word “stop”, you know
someone is trying to get your attention.
You also know the signifiers “pass” and “fail” refer to two very different results in your exams.

Of course, sounds, images and gestures are also signs. Think about how the colour red (signifier) is used on traffic lights
and other road signs to warn drivers of certain dangers and that we should be prepared to stop (signified).
Or how blue is associated with boys and pink with girls.
There is no obvious connection between the colours and their meanings, but the concepts are well-known and
understood.
- Signifiers are the physical forms of the signs we use to signify meanings and concepts.

- The linguistic value of a word (a signifier) comes from its property of standing for a concept (the signified).
The value of the signified comes from its relation to other concepts.
The value of the complete sign comes from the way in which it unites the signifier and the signified.

- Saussure views language as having an inner duality, which is manifested by the interaction of the synchronic and
diachronic, the syntagmatic and associative, the signifier and signified.

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Title:What is structuralism according to Saussure? – …
Web · Saussure contended that language must be considered as a social phenomenon, a structured system that can be
viewed synchronically (as it exists at any …
https://www.thenewsindependent.com/what-is-structuralism-according-to-saussure/

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Title:Ferdinand de Saussure | Swiss linguist | Britannica
WebHe also introduced two terms that have become common currency in linguistics—“ parole,” or the speech of the
individual person, and “ langue,” the system underlying speech activity. His distinctions proved to be mainsprings to
productive linguistic research and …
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Title:Saussure's Linguistic Terminology — Signs, Language ...

https://medium.com/@llanirfreelance/saussures-linguistic-terminology-signs-language-chains-and-associations-
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Title:(PDF) Nature of Linguistic Sign | senthil nathan
WebSaussure draws a distinction between language (langue) and the activity of speaking (parole). Speaking is an activity of
the individual, language is the social manifestation of speech. Language is a system of signs that evolves from the activity of
speech.
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Title:Ferdinand de Saussure's Course in General Linguistics

https://www.angelfire.com/md2/timewarp/saussure.html

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Title:medium.com › @llanirfreelance › saussures-linguisticSaussure’s Linguistic Terminology — Signs, Language, Chains ...
Jul 11, 2019 · According to Saussure, diachronic changes occur within individual speaking patterns before being eventually
accepted as a part of language. As Sausseur explained, ...
https://medium.com/@llanirfreelance/saussures-linguistic-terminology-signs-language-chains-and-associations-
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Title:Ferdinand de Saussure's Sign Theory | Examples and Analysis
Ferdinand de Saussure's Sign Theory | Examples and Analysishttps://media-studies.com › saussurehttps://media-studies.com
› saussureSep 5, 2020 — The same basic process can be applied to any word. When you see the signifier “pull” on a door,
you know to reach for the handle.
https://media-studies.com/saussure/

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Title:www.slideshare.net › jahanzebjahan › language-as-semioticLanguage as semiotic system assignment - SlideShare
Jun 11, 2010 · The value of the complete sign comes from the way in which it unites the signifier and the signified. Saussure
offered a 'dyadic' or two-part model of the sign. He defined a sign as being composed of: a 'signifier' (signifiant) - the form
which the sign takes; and the 'signified' (signifié) - the concept it represents.

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https://www.slideshare.net/jahanzebjahan/language-as-semiotic-system-assignment/

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Title:Language as semiotic system assignment - SlideShare
Web · The value of the signified comes from its relation to other concepts. The value of the complete sign comes from the
way in which it unites the signifier and the signified. Saussure offered a 'dyadic' or two-part model of the sign. He defined a
sign as …
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