MICROWAVE LAB MANUAL ECE DEPARTMENT

STUDY OF MICROWAVE COMPONENTS-3

AIM
To study the Microwave Components such as E-Plane Tee, H-Plane Tee, Magic Tee, Movable
Short, Matched Termination, Pyramidal wave guide horn antenna in detail.

E PLANE TEE
 An E-Plane Tee junction is formed by attaching a

simple waveguide to the broader dimension of a

rectangular waveguide, which already has two
ports. The arms of rectangular waveguides make two
ports called collinear ports i.e., Port1 and Port2, while
the new one, Port3 is called as Side arm or E-arm.T
his E-plane Tee is also called as Series Tee.
 As the axis of the side arm is parallel to the electric field,
this junction is called E-Plane Tee junction. This is also
called as Voltage or Series junction. The ports 1 and 2
are 180° out of phase with each other.
 Model 3061 E - plane tee are series type T - junction

and consists of three section of wave guide joined

together in order to divide or compare power levels.
The signal entering the first port of this T - junction
will be equally dividing at second and third ports of the same magnitude but in opp.
Phase.
Specifications:
Model No. : X - 3061 Frequency Range (Ghz) : 8.2 - 12.4
WG Type (WR-) : 90 Flange Type (UG/U) : 39

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MICROWAVE LAB MANUAL ECE DEPARTMENT

H - PLANT TEE

 An H-Plane Tee junction is formed by cutting narrower dimension of main waveguide

and attaching a side arm. The arms of rectangular waveguides make two ports called
collinear ports i.e., Port1 and Port2, while the new one, Port3 is called as Side arm or H-
arm. This H-plane Tee is also called as Shunt Tee.
 As the axis of the side arm is parallel to the magnetic field, this junction is called H-Plane
Tee junction. This is also called as Current junction, as the magnetic field divides itself
into arms.
The cross-sectional details of H-plane tee can be understood by the following figure.

 Model 3065 H - Plane Tee are shunt type T - junction for use in conjunction with VSWR
meters, frequency - meters and other detector devices. Like in E-plane tee, the signal fed
through first port of H - plane Tee will be equally divided in magnitude at second and
third ports but in same phase.

Specifications:
Model No. : X - 3065 Frequency Range (GHz) : 8.2 - 12.4
WG Type (WR-) : 90 Flange Type (UG-/U) : 39

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 MICROWAVE LAB MANUAL ECE DEPARTMENT
MAGIC TEE
 An E-H Plane Tee junction is formed by attaching two simple waveguides one parallel and the
other series, to a rectangular waveguide which already has two ports. This is also called
as Magic Tee, or Hybrid or 3dB coupler.
 The arms of rectangular waveguides make two ports called collinear ports i.e., Port 1 and Port
2, while the Port 3 is called as H-Arm or Sum port or Parallel port. Port 4 is called as E-
Arm or Difference port or Series port.
The cross-sectional details of Magic Tee can be understood by the following figure.

The following figure shows the connection made by the side arms to the bi-directional
waveguide to form both parallel and serial ports.

Characteristics of E-H Plane Tee:

 If a signal of equal phase and magnitude is sent to port 1 and port 2, then the output at port 4 is
zero and the output at port 3 will be the additive of both the ports 1 and 2.
 If a signal is sent to port 4, E−arm, then the power is divided between port 1 and 2 equally but in
opposite phase, while there would be no output at port 3. Hence, S34 = 0.

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MICROWAVE LAB MANUAL ECE DEPARTMENT
 If a signal is fed at port 3, then the power is divided between port 1 and 2 equally, while there
would be no output at port 4. Hence, S43 = 0.
 If a signal is fed at one of the collinear ports, then there appears no output at the other collinear
port, as the E-arm produces a phase delay and the H-arm produces a phase advance.
So, S12 = S21 = 0.

 Model 3045 E - H Tee consists of a section

of wave guide in both series and shunt wave
guide arms, mounted at the exact midpoint
of main arm. Both ends of the section of
wave guide and both arms are flanged on
their ends.
 These Tees are employed in balanced
mixers, AFC circuits and impedance
measurement circuits etc. This becomes a
four terminal device where one terminal is
isolated from the input terminal.

Specifications:
Model No. : X - 3045 Frequency Range (Ghz) : 8.2 - 12.4
WG Type (WR-) : 90 Flange Type (UR-/U) : 39

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MICROWAVE LAB MANUAL ECE DEPARTMENT
MOVABLE SHORT:

 These are used to obtain a phase reference in the calibration of various experimental
setup and are also used to vary the effective plane of reflection and therefore the phase of
reflected wave. These are also useful in impedance measurement.

 Model 4081 movable shorts consists of a section of waveguide, flanged on one end and
terminated with a movable shorting plunger on the other end. By means of this non-
contacting type plunger, a reflection co-efficient of almost unity may be obtained.

Model No. : X - 4081 Frequency Range (GHz) : 8.2 - 12.4

WG Type (WR-) : 90 Flange Type (UG-/U) : 39

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MICROWAVE LAB MANUAL ECE DEPARTMENT

MATCHED TERMINATION:

Matched terminations are used to terminate the waveguide transmission line operating at low
average power. The loads are carefully designed to absorb all the applied power and VSWR of
matched termination is low. These are used in the measurement of reflection coefficient and
where the matched load is required.
Model 4000 are low power and non-reflective type of terminations. It consists of a small and
highly diss-apative taper flap mounted inside the centre of a section of wave guide.
Matched Terminations are useful for USWR measurement of various waveguide components.
These are also employed as dummy and as a precise reference loads with Tee junctions,
directionalcouplers and other similar dividing devices.

Specifications:
Model No. : X - 4000, Freq. Range (Ghz) : 8.2 - 12.4 Max VSWR : 1.04
AV Power : 2W, WG Type (WR-) 90, Flange Type (UG-/U) : 39

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MICROWAVE LAB MANUAL ECE DEPARTMENT

PYRAMIDAL WAVEGUIDE HORN ANTENNA:

 A Horn antenna is a type of aperture antenna which is specially designed for microwave
frequencies. The end of the antenna is widened or in the horn shape. Because of this structure,
there is larger directivity so that the emitted signal can be easily transmitted to long distances.
 Horn antennas operate in microwave frequency, so the frequency range of these antennas is
super high or ultra-high which ranges from 300 MHz – 30 GHz. These antennas are used as
feed horns for big antennas like parabolic antennas directive antennas, etc.
 The benefits of using these antennas are simple design & adjustment, low SWR (standing wave
ratio), moderate directivity, and broad bandwidth. Model 5041 pyramidal Wave guide Horn
antenna consists of waveguide joined to pyramidal section fabricated from brass sheet.
 The pyramidal section shapes the energy to concentrate in a specified beam. Wave guide horns
are used as feed horns as radiators for reflectors and lenses and as a pickup antenna for
receiving microwave power.

 Horn antenna design can be done with a flared waveguide which is formed as a horn. These are
used to transmit and receive RF microwave signals.
 Usually, these are used in combination with waveguide feeds & direct radio waves within a
narrow beam. Here, the flared portion can be in
any shape like square, conical or rectangular.
 For proper working, this antenna should be in
minimum size. If the wavelength is very large or
the horn size is very small then the antenna will
not work properly.
 In this antenna, the fraction of incident energy
can be radiated from the entry of the waveguide
and the rest of the energy will be reflected back
from the same entry because of the open entry,
the poor impedance matching will exist in
between the space & waveguide.

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MICROWAVE LAB MANUAL ECE DEPARTMENT
 So to overcome the drawbacks of the waveguide, its end is opened in an electromagnetic horn
form. So that a smooth transition can be allowed in between the space & waveguide thus
offering better directivity toward the radio wave.
 By changing the waveguide like a horn structure, the existing discontinuity in between the
space & waveguide, 377 ohms impedance is eliminated. So this provides the incident energy to
be emitted in the forwarding direction by decreasing the diffraction on the edges. Therefore the
transmitting antenna’s directivity can be enhanced with superior gain.

Specifications:
 Model No. : X - 5041 Frequency Range (Ghz)
: 8.2 - 12.4Max VSWR : 1.20 WG Type (WR-) : 90
 Flange Type (UG-/U) : 39

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