1.

6 LABORATORY SHEETVSWR MEASUREMENT OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE

VSWR MEASUREMENT OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE

1. OBJECTIVE:

To perform an exercise to determine the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

of a Rectangular waveguide.

2. APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Klystron Tube
2. Klystron Power Supply
3. Klystron Mount
4. Isolator
5. Frequency Meter
6. Variable Attenuator
7. Slotted Section Line
8. Tunable Probe
9. VSWR Meter
10. Waveguide Stand
11. Slide Screw Tuner (SS Tuner)
12. Movable Short
13. Matched Termination
14. CRO
15. BNC probes
16. Cooling Fan etc.

3. TASK ANALYSIS:

A. Knowledge

1. Purpose of finding VSWR

2. Working of Klystron Power supply.
3. Working Principle of Reflex Klystron Oscillator.
4. Working of VSWR meter.
5. Familiarization of different functionalities on Front Panel of CRO.

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1.6 LABORATORY SHEETVSWR MEASUREMENT OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE

6. Basic working knowledge about microwave components such as Isolator,

Variable Attenuator, Slotted Section Line, Tunable probe, Movable short,
Matched Termination and SS Tuner.
7. Calculations of waveguide wavelength λg, VSWR
8. Applications.
9. Precautions.

B. Skill

CATEGORY OF SKILL SUB TASK

A. Identifying the various Microwave Components and devices

and familiarization of slotted line section.

Handling of B. Selecting the required components and Devices for the

Apparatus experimental setup.

C. Identifying all Control Knobs on Front panels of KPS, VSWR

meter and CRO.

A. Making the connections as per the block diagram.

B. Placing Reflex Klystron Oscillator on Reflex Klystron Mount
and switch on the cooling fan.
C. Presetting of KPS before switching ON.
D. Proper adjustments of Reflector voltage (VR), AM frequency
Manipulation of and amplitude, RK mount plunger, detune of DFM, variable
apparatus
attenuator, Slotted section line, tunable probe, VSWR (Gain
and Fine).
E. Adjusting gain and fine of VSWR meter to indicate VSWR =
1.

A. Testing the serviceability of microwave test bench using

CRO (Square wave) and Adjust the VSWR meter to 1.

Precise B. Observing the max deflection on VSWR and adjusting the

operations/Activities
VSWR is equal to 1.

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 1.6 LABORATORY SHEETVSWR MEASUREMENT OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE

C. Adjusting the Power to 3 dB position in VSWR meter using

gain Knob

D. Measuring the d1 (position on slotted line) by moving the

slotted section line towards Generator until observing the
max deflection VSWR meter and note d1.

E. Again adjust the Power to 3 dB position in VSWR meter

using gain Knob

F. Measuring the d2 ( position on slotted line) by moving the

slotted section line towards Load until observing the max
deflection VSWR meter and note d2.

G. Disconnecting of SS Tuner, matched termination and

connect the movable Short.

H. Move the slotted section line towards generator/load and

observing the two successive minima in VSWR meter note
down the distance values on Slotted Section line x 1,x2 and
find the λg which is equal to twice the difference between the
x1,x2.

I. Calculating VSWR

A. Co-operation

B. Co-ordination

C. Communication
Values
D. Sharing

E. Leadership

4. TEACHING POINTS:

Sl No. Teaching Points Suggested

Time(15Min)

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1.6 LABORATORY SHEETVSWR MEASUREMENT OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE

1. Explaining Front Panel of KPS, CRO and VSWR 2

meter

2. Working principle of Cylindrical Cavity Resonator of 2

Frequency meter
3. Basic working knowledge about microwave 2
components
4. Definition of VSWR 3
5. Calculations of guided wavelength λg, VSWR 4

6. Applications 1
7. Precautions 1

A) Procedural precautions:

1. Never work alone! You should be accompanied by your laboratory partner and/
or the instructor/ teaching assistants all the time.
2. Before switching ON the KPS,
a. make sure that “HT” on front panel of KPS should be Switched OFF.
b. The beam voltage knob should be at minimum i.e., fully anticlockwise
direction
c. The Reflector voltage knob should be at maximum i.e., fully clockwise
direction
d. The cooling fan should be switched ON provided to the Reflex Klystron.
e. Switch ON the VSWR and presetting the front panel Knobs as per
experimental procedures.
3. After switching ON the KPS give some warm up time to get current/accurate
readings and switch ‘ON’ the ‘HT’ after 1 minute.
4. After the completion of the experiment or before going to switch OFF the KPS or
if the main supply failed in the middle of the experiment, keep all the knobs as
rule 2
5. Avoid parallax error while taking readings on VSWR meter and Slotted Section
line.
6. Don’t decrease the reflector voltage less than -70V, it should be between
-70 to -280 V.
7. For every 20 mins switch OFF the supply and after 5 mins SET the initial settings
as Rule 2 and continuing.
8. Get the connections checked by the concerned staff member.
9. Ensure whether selected the correct analysis in setup.
B) Safety precautions:

1. Don’t try to touch the reflection Klystron Oscillator while it is ON

2. Don’t disturb the bench setup while calibrating the readings.
3. Care must be taken while operating the equipment/PC.
4. Wear shoes for the lab.

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 1.6 LABORATORY SHEETVSWR MEASUREMENT OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE

5. Keep your work area is dry.

6. If you smell anything burning immediately disconnect the power and examine
your workbench to find out what went wrong.

5.NEED AND SCOPE OF EXPERIMENT.

 By Knowing VSWR we can measure unknown impedance.

 We can determine how to modify the antenna or feedline to get maximum power
transferred into the antenna.

6.PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION:

Action Activity
 The microwave components and devices
on workbench.

 Various adjustments on KPS, VSWR and

Check for CRO

 Connecting KPS wire and probes

 The student entry behavior.

 Availability of first aid kit.

For design of instruction  Read the teaching points carefully.

7.SCHEME OF EVALUATION:

SKILL SUB TASK WEIGHTAGE WITH

COMPETENCY LEVEL
INDIVIDUALLY

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 1.6 LABORATORY SHEETVSWR MEASUREMENT OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE

A B C T
1.Handling of A. Identifying the various Microwave
Apparatus Components and devices and 1 3 1 5

familiarization of slotted section

line.
B. Selecting the required
components and Devices for the
experimental setup.
C. Identifying all Control Knobs on
Front panels of KPS, VSWR
meter and CRO.

A B C D E T
A. Making the connections as per
2.Manipulation of 2 2 3 6 2 15
apparatus the block diagram.
B. Placing Reflex Klystron Oscillator
on Reflex Klystron Mount and
switch on the cooling fan.
C. Presetting of KPS before
switching ON.
D. Proper adjustments of Reflector
voltage (VR), AM frequency and
amplitude, RK mount plunger,
detune of DFM, variable
attenuator, Slotted section line,
tunable probe, VSWR (Gain and
Fine).
E. Adjusting gain and fine of VSWR
meter to indicate VSWR = 1.
A. Testing the serviceability of 2
A
microwave testbench using CRO
B 2
(Square wave) and Adjust the
3.Precise C 2
VSWR meter to 1.
operations/Activities
D 3
B. Observing the max deflection on
VSWR and adjusting the VSWR E 2

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1.6 LABORATORY SHEETVSWR MEASUREMENT OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE

is equal to 1. F 4

C. Adjusting the Power to 3 dB G 2

position in VSWR meter using H 5
gain Knob
I 3
D. Measuring the d1 ( position on
T 25
slotted line) by moving the slotted
section line towards Generator
until observing the max deflection
VSWR meter and note d1.

E. Again adjust the Power to 3 dB

position in VSWR meter using
gain Knob

F. Measuring the d2 ( position on

slotted line) by moving the slotted
section line towards Load until
observing the max deflection
VSWR meter and note d2.

G. Disconnecting of SS Tuner,
matched termination and connect
the movable Short.

H. Move the slotted section line

towards generator/load and
observing the two successive
minima in VSWR meter note
down the distance values on
Slotted Section line x1,x2 and find
the λgwhich is equal to twice the
difference between the x1,x2.

I. Calculating VSWR.

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 1.6 LABORATORY SHEETVSWR MEASUREMENT OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE

A) Co-operation
T
B) Co-ordination
5
4.values C) Communication
D) Sharing
E) Leadership

TOTAL 50

8.VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the significance of VSWR measurement?
2. What is the range of VSWR?
3. Which method is used to measure high VSWR?
4. Indicate the frequency Vs Wavelength for X Band
5. What is the frequency range of frequency meter?
6. What is the variable attenuator power range?
7. Which type of modulation used in Reflex Klystron
8. What is the relation between reflex coefficient and VSWR?

9. Questions for Assessment :

Low level
A) Identify and select the components/Devices to construct a setup for VSWR
measurement of a rectangular waveguide. (10M)
Medium level:
A) Connect a Microwave Test bench to perfom serviceability test. (5M)
B) Connect a Microwave Test bench and perform an exercise to set VSWR equal
to 1. (10M)
High level:
A)
i. Perform an exercise to find positions x1,x2 and calculate guided
wavelength λg. (10M)
ii. Perform an exercise to find positions d1,d2 to calculate the VSWR of a
rectangular waveguide. (15M)

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