Name: ______________________________

Science and Technology Grade 10 – 3rd Grading

Module 1 – Reproductive System

Introduction

Living organisms reproduce, transmit genetic information to their offspring, regulate and
control their body processes, and respond to stimuli from external environment. These
abilities ensure their survival in a complex ecosystem.

To cope with the ever-changing environment, organisms have undergone the long
process of evolution that changed their genetic material. These changes have caused
certain morphological and physiological characteristics that enabled them to adopt.

This module introduces the complex reproductive organs of human males and females,
and describes how sex cells are produced to ensure the perpetuation of the species.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, students should be able to:

 Describe the structure of the male and female reproductive systems and their
functions
 Discuss the role of the hormones involved in reproduction
 Trace the feedback mechanisms involved in regulating the processes in the
female reproductive system
 Explain how sexually transmitted diseases can be acquired, prevented, and
treated

Male Reproductive System

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS

Human begins their lives as a single cell. This single cell is formed by the fusion of two
sex cells – an egg and a sperm – from the parents. As you reach adolescence, your sex
organs mature and undergo changes to be able to produce sex cells needed to produce

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new individuals. These sex cells contain structures called chromosomes that contain
genetic information which carries unique inherited traits such as skin color or hair color.
Recall that human sex cells contain only half of the number chromosomes of a regular
body cell (somatic). Each sex cell, which has 23 chromosomes, is haploid (n), while the
regular cell, which has 46 chromosomes, is a diploid (2n). after the fusion of the egg
and the sperm, the resulting fertilized egg, known as the zygote, contains 46
chromosomes. From a biological standpoint, fertilization merges two sets of genetic
information – one from the father (through the sperm) and one from the mother (through
the egg) – to create an offspring that is genetically different from either parent.

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

In sexual reproduction, the diploid zygote is formed through fertilization from the fusion
of the male (sperm) and female (egg) sex cells, which are both haploid. The male
reproductive system produces sperm cells (male gametes) and delivers them inside the
female reproductive system. In males, the primary reproductive organs are the testes.

External Male Reproductive Structures

Most of the male reproductive system is located outside of your abdominal cavity or
pelvis. The external parts of the male reproductive system include the penis, the
scrotum and the testicles.

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Penis

- The penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse.

- The opening of the urethra — the tube that transports both semen and urine out
of the body.
o It is located at the tip of the penis.
- The penis also contains many sensitive nerve endings.
- Semen, which contains sperm, is expelled (ejaculated) through the end of the
penis when a man reaches sexual climax (orgasm). When the penis is erect, the
flow of urine is blocked from the urethra, allowing only semen to be ejaculated at
orgasm.

Scrotum

- The scrotum is the loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. It
holds the testicles (also called testes), as well as many nerves and blood
vessels.
- The scrotum protects your testes, as well as providing a sort of climate control
system.
- For normal sperm development, the testes must be at a temperature slightly
cooler than the body temperature. Special muscles in the wall of the scrotum
allow it to contract (tighten) and relax, moving the testicles closer to the body for
warmth and protection or farther away from the body to cool the temperature.

Testes (Gonads)

- Are oval-shaped organs found inside a protective sac of skin (scrotum).

- Each testis is an oval structure about 5 cm long and 3 cm in diameter.
- There are about 250 lobules in each testis. Each contains 1 to 4 -seminiferous
tubules that converge to form a single straight tubule, which leads into the rete
testis.

Epididymis

- A long tube (about 6 meters) located along the superior and posterior margins of
the testes.
- Sperm that leave the testes are immature and incapable of fertilizing ova. They
complete their maturation process and become fertile as they move through the

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 epididymis. Mature sperm are stored in the lower portion, or tail, of the
epididymis

Internal Male Reproductive Organs

You have several internal organs — also called accessory organs — that play a big part
in the male reproductive system. These organs include:

Vas Deferens

- The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into
the pelvic cavity, to just behind the bladder. The vas deferens transports mature
sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.

Ejaculatory Ducts

- These ducts are formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal
vesicles. The ejaculatory ducts empty into the urethra.

Urethra

- The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of your
body. In males, it has the additional function of expelling (ejaculating) semen
when you reach orgasm. When the penis is erect during sex, the flow of urine is
blocked from the urethra, allowing only semen to be ejaculated at orgasm.

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Secretions Of the Accessory Organs of The Male Reproductive System

Seminal Vesicles

- The seminal vesicles are sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near
the base of the bladder. The seminal vesicles make a sugar-rich fluid (fructose)
that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms’ ability to
move (motility). The fluid of the seminal vesicles makes up most of the volume of
your ejaculatory fluid, or ejaculate.

Prostate Gland

- The prostate gland is a walnut-sized structure that’s located below the urinary
bladder in front of the rectum. The prostate gland contributes additional fluid to
the ejaculate. Prostate fluids also help to nourish the sperm. The urethra, which
carries the ejaculate to be expelled during orgasm, runs through the center of the
prostate gland.

Bulbourethral Glands

- The bulbourethral glands, or Cowper’s glands, are pea-sized structures located

on the sides of the urethra, just below the prostate gland. These glands produce
a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra. This fluid serves to
lubricate the urethra and to neutralize any acidity that may be present due to
residual drops of urine in the urethra.

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Male Hormones and Their Functions

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

- Stimulates the secretion of the sex hormone testosterone,

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

- Along with testosterone, stimulates the production of sperm in the seminiferous

tubules.

Testosterone

- Produced by the Leydig cells found between the seminiferous tubules.

- Responsible for the development of secondary male characteristics during
puberty such as deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair, broadening of the
shoulders, and development of the muscles.

The Human Sperm Cell

At the onset of puberty, teenage boys start to produce sperm cells in their testes.
Thereafter, an adult male produces several hundred million sperm cells each day. After
being produced in the seminiferous tubules, the sperm s mature and travel through a
series of tubes. They then enter a long-coiled tube called the epididymis, where they will
mature until they are capable of swimming and moving. The epididymis is also where
most of the sperm are stored. Mature sperm cells travel from the epididymis to another
long tube called the vas deferens. The sperms then exit then body through the urethra,
same tube through which urine passes and exits the body.

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Image above shows a mature sperm cell, which consists of three parts:

Head

- That contains the chromosomes.

- Made up of a nucleus covered by a cap called acrosome which stores the
enzymes needed to penetrate an egg cell during fertilization.

Midpiece

- That contains the mitochondria, that supply energy needed to propel the sperm
through the female reproductive tract.

Tail

- Powerful flagellum that is responsible for the sperm’s movement.

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Transportation of Sperm

During their passage through the urethra, sperms mix with the fluids produced by the
neighboring glands – the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and the bulbourethral glands.
The combined secretions of these glands, collectively called semen, which nourishes
the sperm cells.

Delivery of Sperm

The urethra leads the sperm cell through the penis. During sexual excitation blood
rushes into the penis, making it rigid and erect. Sperm exit the penis through ejaculation
(forceful expulsion of the sperm out of the male’s body). After the semen is deposited in
the female reproductive system, the sperm cells swim until they encounter the egg cell.
If any of the sperm does not penetrate the egg cell, fertilization does not occur. On
average, about 3.5 mL of semen is expelled during ejaculation. It normally contains 300
to 400 million sperm cells, or about five to 10 million in just one drop. Only a few
reached the egg cell because most of them die in the acidic environment of the female
reproductive tract.

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4. Female Reproductive System

THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The female reproductive system is designed to carry out several functions. It produces
the female egg cells necessary for reproduction, called the ova or oocytes. The system
is designed to transport the ova to the site of fertilization. Conception, the fertilization of
an egg by a sperm, normally occurs in the fallopian tubes. The next step for the
fertilized egg is to implant into the walls of the uterus, beginning the initial stages of
pregnancy. If fertilization and/or implantation does not take place, the system is
designed to menstruate (the monthly shedding of the uterine lining). In addition, the
female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that maintain the
reproductive cycle.

The female reproductive anatomy includes parts inside and outside the body.

The function of the EXTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES (the

genitals) is twofold: To enable sperm to enter the body and to protect the internal genital
organs from infectious organisms. The main external structures of the female
reproductive system include:

Labia Majora

- The labia majora enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs.
Literally translated as "large lips," the labia majora are relatively large and fleshy,

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 and are comparable to the scrotum in males. The labia majora contain sweat and
oil-secreting glands. After puberty, the labia majora are covered with hair.

Labia Minora

- Literally translated as "small lips," the labia minora can be very small or up to 2
inches wide. They lie just inside the labia majora, and surround the openings to
the vagina (the canal that joins the lower part of the uterus to the outside of the
body) and urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of
the body).

Bartholin’s Glands

- These glands are located beside the vaginal opening and produce a fluid
(mucus) secretion.

Clitoris

- The two labia minora meet at the clitoris, a small, sensitive protrusion that is
comparable to the penis in males. The clitoris is covered by a fold of skin, called
the prepuce, which is similar to the foreskin at the end of the penis. Like the
penis, the clitoris is very sensitive to stimulation and can become erect.

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The internal reproductive organs include:

Vagina

- is a canal that joins the cervix (the lower part of uterus) to the outside of the
body. It also is known as the birth canal.

Uterus (Womb)

- is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that is the home to a developing fetus. The uterus
is divided into two parts: the cervix, which is the lower part that opens into the
vagina, and the main body of the uterus, called the corpus. The corpus can easily
expand to hold a developing baby. A canal through the cervix allows sperm to
enter and menstrual blood to exit.

Ovaries

- are small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus. The
ovaries produce eggs and hormones.

Fallopian Tubes

- These are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and
serve as pathways for the ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
Fertilization of an egg by a sperm normally occurs in the fallopian tubes. The
fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where it implants to the uterine lining.

Fimbriae

- Sweep oocyte into tube, cilia & peristalsis move it along, sperm reaches oocyte
in ampulla, fertilization occurs within 24 hours after ovulation & zygote reaches
uterus about 7 days after ovulation.

Egg Production

All females are born with all the approximately two million egg cells they will produce in
their lifetime. By the time a female reaches puberty, the number of egg cells would have

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gone down to about 400,000. Like sperm cells, egg cells contain 23 chromosomes (n)
since eggs are also produced through meiosis. During puberty, the increased
production of hormones enables one immature egg to complete its development each
month. In the lifetime of a female, out of the 400,000 egg cells at the start of puberty,
only 300 to 500 will mature and are then called ova (singular, ovum).

About every 28 days, an ovum is released in an adult female body. Hairlike structures
called cilia sweep the ovum from the ovary into either of the fallopian tube or oviducts.
Each fallopian tube is a passageway through which an ovum moves from the ovary to
the uterus. Smooth muscles that line the fallopian tube contract rhythmically to allow the
ovum to move down the tube toward the uterus. It takes three to four days for an ovum
to travel inside the fallopian tube. If the ovum is not fertilized at this stage, it dies within
24 to 48 hours

During sexual intercourse, sperm cells are deposited inside the vagina, a passage that
leads from the outside of the female’s body to the entrance of the uterus called cervix. If
fertilization occurs, the fertilized ovum, now called zygote, travels down further and
implants itself in a hollow, fist-sized, muscular organ called uterus. During normal
childbirth, a baby passes through the cervix and leaves the mother’s body through the
vagina.

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Female Reproductive Cycle

All females who have reached puberty will undergo monthly physiological cycles known
as the ovarian and menstrual cycles, which involves the ovary, prepares the egg for
maturation, while menstrual cycle, which involves the uterus, grooms the uterus for a
possible implantation and, later on, pregnancy.

The Ovarian Cycle

The ovaries prepare the female body each month to make pregnancy possible. This
series of events is collectively called ovarian cycle. The monthly release of an ovum
from the ovary is called ovulation. The released ovum is swept into the fallopian tube
and begins to move toward the uterus to await fertilization. The ovarian cycle spans
about 28 days, although it varies from female to female.

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The ovarian cycle occurs in two distinct phases or stages:

Follicular Phase and Luteal Phase

- These phases are regulated by the hormones produced by the hypothalamus

and anterior pituitary gland.

In an ovary, egg cells mature within follicles. A follicle is a cluster of cells that surrounds
an immature egg cell and provides it with nutrients and protection. During the follicular
phase of the ovarian cycle, hormones regulate the completion of an egg cell’s
maturation.

The follicular phase begins when the anterior pituitary gland releases the gonadotropins
follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH) into the bloodstream.
These hormones, produced by gonadotropic cells, cause the follicle to produce
estrogen. Estrogen is a sex hormone that aids the growth of the ovarian follicle in the
ovary. When the follicle burst, ovulation occurs. After ovulation, the luteal phase begins.
LH causes the cells of the ruptured follicle to grow, forming a corpus luteum. A corpus
luteum is a yellowish mass of follicular cells that functions like an endocrine gland. LH
causes the corpus luteum to secrete both estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone is a
sex hormone that signals the body to prepare for fertilization.

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THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE: The Body’s Preparation for Pregnancy

If fertilization occurs the corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone for several
weeks. Otherwise, production of progesterone slows down and stops the ovarian cycle.
Aside from the series of events that occur in the ovaries, a different monthly cycle,
called menstrual cycle, occurs in the uterus to prepare it for implantation.

The normal menstrual cycle lasts for an average of 28 days. The events in the
menstrual cycle are controlled by the changing levels of estrogen and progesterone
during the ovarian cycle. Prior to and after ovulation, increased levels of estrogen and
progesterone cause the lining of the uterus to thicken and become conducive place for
a fertilized ovum. If pregnancy does not occur, the levels of estrogen and progesterone
decrease, causing the lining of the uterus to be shed, which marks the end of the
menstrual cycle. When this happens, blood vessels break and bleeding occurs. A
mixture of blood and discarded tissues leaves the body through the vagina in a process
called menstruation, which usually occurs 14 days after ovulation. At the end of the
ovarian and menstrual cycles, neither estrogen nor progesterone is being produced.
This signals the pituitary gland to produce FSH and LH, starting the cycles again.

The production of estrogen and progesterone in women eventually declines around their
mid-40s. This begins the transition to the menopausal stage, when a woman no longer
ovulates and or becomes fertile.

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STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BEFORE BIRTH

FERTILIZATION: A Sperm and an Egg Form a Zygote

During sexual intercourse, some sperm ejaculated from the male penis swim up through
the female vagina and uterus toward an oocyte (egg cell) floating in one of the uterine
tubes. The sperm and the egg are gametes. They each contain half the genetic
information necessary for reproduction. When a sperm cell penetrates and fertilizes an
egg, that genetic information combines. The 23 chromosomes from the sperm pair with
23 chromosomes in the egg, forming a 46-chromosome cell called a zygote. The zygote
starts to divide and multiply. As it travels toward the uterus it divides to become a
blastocyst, which will burrow into the uterine wall.

THE ZYGOTE BECOMES AN EMBRYO: Development Prior to and During

Implantation

A fertilized egg, or zygote, takes about five days to reach the uterus from the uterine
tube. As it moves, the zygote divides and develops into a blastocyst, with an inner mass
of cells and a protective outer ring. The blastocyst attaches to the wall of the uterus and
gradually implants itself into the uterine lining. During implantation, its cells differentiate
further. At day 15 after conception, the cells that will form the embryo become an
embryonic disc. Other cells begin to form support structures. The yolk sac, on one side
of the disc, will become part of the digestive tract. On the other side, the amnion fills
with fluid and will surround the embryo as it develops.

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Other cell groups initiate the placenta and umbilical cord, which will bring in nutrients
and eliminate waste.

IN EIGHT WEEKS, THE EMBRYO DEVELOPS; BY THE END OF WEEK 10 IT

BECOMES A FETUS

Fifteen days after conception marks the beginning of the embryonic period. The embryo
contains a flat embryonic disc that now differentiates into three layers: the endoderm,
the mesoderm, and the ectoderm. All organs of the human body derive from these three
tissues. They begin to curve and fold and to form an oblong body. By week 4, the
embryo has a distinct head and tail and a beating heart. Over the next six weeks, limbs,
eyes, brain regions, and vertebrae form. Primitive versions of all body systems appear.
By the end of week 10, the embryo is a fetus. (Note: Pregnancy is often measured in
terms of gestational age—age of the fetus starting with the first day of a woman’s last
menstrual period—and embryonic or fetal age—actual age of the growing fetus. We are
referring to the gestational age of the fetus.)

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FETAL DEVELOPMENT ENDS WITH LABOR, A THREE-STAGE PROCESS

From week 10 of pregnancy, the fetus grows inside the uterus, fueled by nutrient-rich
blood supplied by the umbilical cord. The placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to the
fetus and removes waste products from the fetus’ blood. Bones, muscles, skin, and
connective tissues form. Body systems develop. Limbs and facial features take shape.
Around week 36 (usually), the process of labor begins. In the first stage, dilation,
hormones stimulate downward contractions of the uterine walls. The contractions push
the head of the fetus against the cervix at the lower end of the uterus. The cervix
dilates. In the second stage, expulsion, powerful contractions push the head and the
rest of the body through the dilated cervix, and out through the vagina and the vulva.
The baby is born. Further contractions expel the placenta to complete the placental
stage.

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Prevention, Detection, and Treatment of Sexually

Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Syphilis

Syphilis is another bacterial infection. It often goes unnoticed in its early stages. The
first symptom to appear is a small round sore, known as a chancre. It can develop on
your genitals, anus, or mouth. It’s painless but very infectious.

Later symptoms of syphilis can include:

- rash
- fatigue
- fever
- headache
- joint pain

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 - weight loss
- hair loss

If left untreated, late-stage syphilis can lead to:

- loss of vision
- loss of hearing
- loss of memory
- mental illness
- infection of the brain or spinal cord
- heart disease
- death

Fortunately, if caught early enough, syphilis is easily treated with antibiotics. However,
syphilis infection in a newborn can be fatal. That’s why it’s important for all pregnant
women to be screened for syphilis.

The earlier syphilis is diagnosed and treated, the less damage it does.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is another common bacterial STD. It’s also known as “the clap.”

Many people with gonorrhea develop no symptoms. But when present, symptoms may
include:

- a white, yellow, beige, or green-colored discharge from the penis or vagina

- pain or discomfort during sex or urination
- more frequent urination than usual
- itching around the genitals
- sore throat

If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to:

- infections of the urethra, prostate gland, or testicles

- pelvic inflammatory disease
- infertility

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It’s possible for a mother to pass gonorrhea to a newborn during childbirth. When that
happens, gonorrhea can cause serious health problems in the baby. That’s why many
doctors encourage pregnant women to get tested and treated for potential STDs.

Gonorrhea can usually be treated with antibiotics.

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is an infection caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), the infection is
characterized by painful, itching lesions and blister-like eruptions in the genital area that
occur 10 days after exposure to an infected sexual partner. These sores take about two
weeks to heal and may recur. Some infected individuals may not experience signs and
symptoms and yet may be contagious. The virus may stay dormant in the body but may
activate due to stress or illness. Genital herpes is incurable.

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Forum

Answer the following questions briefly. (10 points each.)

1. How does sexual reproduction lead to transmission of genetic information?

2. What is the function of male reproductive system?

3. What is the importance of the female reproductive organs?

4. How can you avoid and/or treat sexually transmitted diseases?

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3rd Quarter Quiz 1 (Module 1)

___1. Which sequence correctly describes the route sperm take through the human
male reproductive system?

a. vas deferens, urethra, epididymis c. epididymis, vas deferens, urethra

b. vas deferens, epididymis, urethra d. urethra, epididymis, vas deferens

___2. The neck or opening of the uterus. It dips down about half an inch into the vagina.
It is normally plugged by mucus. It stays tightly closed during pregnancy, but thins and
opens for the delivery of the baby.

a. Uterus b. Cervix c. Vagina d. Ovaries

___3. Sperms are produced at a temperature that is _____ the body temperature.

a. immaterial to b. higher than c. lower than d. same as

___4. What is the scrotum?

a. opening through which urine leaves the body.

b. event of semen leaving the penis.

c. last seven months of prenatal development.

d. pouch of skin that holds the testes and controls temperature for sperm production.

___5. The function of the testes is to produce _____.

a. sperm b. acid c. ova d. estrogen

___6. What gland controls the start (onset) of puberty?

a. pituitary b. adrenal c. salivary d. thyroid

___7. What is the passageway for the egg where conception occurs?

a. ejaculation b. penis c. clitoris d. Fallopian tubes

___8. The female sex hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics is:

a. follicle-stimulating hormone. b. testosterone.

c. progesterone. d. estrogen.

___9. An _____ uses high-frequency sound waves and lets doctors see how an unborn
baby is developing.

a. ultrasound b. zygote c. twins d. embryo

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___10. What are sperm cells?

a. hormones produced in the ovaries.

b. tubes that carry sperm from the epididymis.

c. sex cells produced in the testes.

___11. The male hormone testosterone is produced by _____.

a. Epididymis b. Testicles

c. Seminiferous tubules d. Vas deferens

___12. A zygote is a _____.

a. blastocyst. c. two-celled embryo

b. fertilized egg. d. solid ball of about 50 cells.

_________13. The male gamete is sperm. (True or False)

___14. What is the urethra?

a. tube from the bladder through which urine leaves the body.

b. gland that produces a clear, sticky fluid when the male is sexually excited.

c. passageway for the egg and the place where conception occurs.

d. coiled tube system in which sperm mature.

___15. What is semen?

a. fluid ejaculated from the penis.

b. tube from the bladder through which urine leaves the body.

c. gland at the base of the bladder that produces seminal fluid.

___16. The tube that carries the sperms out of the testes is the _____.

a. vas deferens b. ovaries

c. epididymis d. vasa efferentia

___17. A woman has two of these. They take turns releasing one ovum about every 28
days. This is called ovulation.

a. Uterus b. Vagina c. Ovaries d. Cervix

_________18. Sperm cells are produced by males in the prostate gland. (True or False)

___19. What is the ovary?

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a. birth canal

b. gland that produces the female's eggs and sex hormone

c. gland that produces sperm

d. opening to the vagina

___20. Blood and nutrients are carried from the mother to the developing fetus through
the _____.

a. endometrium c. Fallopian tubes

b. umbilical cord d. cervix

___21. Why do we reproduce?

a. to make more organisms and thrive.

b. to create more plant life.

c. to help expand sexual reproduction.

d. to create more oxygen.

___22. The passage which the penis penetrates to release its sperm. The baby also
leaves the uterus through the _____ during birth.

a. Vagina b. Cervix c. Ovaries d. Uterus

___23. Which male reproductive structure releases sperm into the urethra?

a. vas deferens b. testis c. prostate gland d. epididymis

___24. The loose sac of skin that hangs outside the male body is the _____.

a. testes b. penis c. fetus d. scrotum

___25. A hollow, pear-shaped organ. A zygote develops in the _____ if the ovum is
fertilized by a spermatozoon.

a. Vagina b. Cervix c. Uterus d. Ovaries

___26. What is the purpose of the placenta?

a. controls the temperature of the testes.

b. adds a sugary fluid to semen.

c. acts as the entrance to the uterus.

d. nourishes the fetus.

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___27. What is the uterus?

a. a reproductive tissue c. a urinary organ

b. a reproductive organ d. a urinary tissue

___28. What is the function of the epididymis?

a. stores sperm c. secretes mucus

b. stores fluid d. secretes weak alkaline fluid

___29. Identify the male sex hormone.

a. collagen b. progesterone c. estrogen d. testosterone

___30. The sperms are temporarily stored in _____.

a. vas eferens b. bladder c. vas deferens d. epididymis

___31. The overall physical changes that occur in male and female bodies during
puberty are called _____.

a. secondary sex characteristics.

b. adolescent syndrome.

c. premenstrual syndrome.

d. estrogen and testosterone.

___32. What is the term used for human offspring after fertilization has occurred but
after implantation?

a. blastocyst b. zygote c. embryo d. fetus

___33. What is testosterone?

a. organ that nourishes the fetus. b. coiled tube system in which sperm mature.

c. a male sex hormone. d. sperm cell joined with the egg cell.

___34. The temporary organ that links the developing fetus and the mother is the
_____.

a. umbilical cord b. amniotic sac. c. placenta d. uterus

___35. Menstruation is the _____.

a. experience of childbirth. b. shedding of the peritoneum.

c. production of sperm. d. shedding of the outer layers of the endometrium.

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3rd Quarter Quiz 2 (Module 1)

_________1. The ovary contains capillaries that connect the fetus and the mother.
(True or False)

___2. For how many months is a woman pregnant before birth?

a. 12 b. 6 c. 9 d. 8

___3. What are the female sex cells called?

a. Cilia b. Cervix c. Egg cells

_________4. For most females, ovulation occurs during menstruation. (True or False)

___5. What is the female cell of reproduction?

a. ovary b. egg

_________6. The Fallopian tube refers to the passageway an egg travels through
when moving between the ovary and the uterus. (True or False)

___7. The period between the ages of nine and fourteen when the human body begins
taking on a more adult form is:

a. embryo b. evolution c. fetus d. puberty

___8. Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive system?

a. Sperm duct b. Vagina c. Ovary

___9. The muscular passageway leading to the outside of the body in the female
reproductive system is the _____.

a. cervix. b. fallopian tube. c. vagina. d. uterus.

___10. What system plays a vital role in the existence of the human species?

a. cardiovascular system

b. reproductive system

c. digestive system

d. respiratory system

___11. What is the correct trajectory of sperm during ejaculation?

a. Epididymis, ejaculatory duct, ampulla of vas deferens, vas deferens, urethra

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b. Vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, ampulla of vas deferens, urethra

c. Ejaculatory duct, epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla of vas deferens, urethra

___12. The mix of sperm cells and fluids is:

a. urine b. semen c. sweat d. blood

_________13. The joining of a sperm and an egg is differentiation. (True or False)

___14. The new cell that is formed from fertilization is a:

a. gamete b. sperm c. ovum d. zygote

___15. Before birth, human babies receive their nutrition from their mother through the:

a. umbilical cord b. amniotic sac c. stomach tissue d. gestational fluid

___16. What process in the female reproductive system allows blood and tissue from
the uterus to break down and pass through the vagina monthly?

a. meiosis b. ovulation c. reproduction d. menstruation

___17. Sex organs develop rapidly during _____.

a. adulthood b. infancy c. childhood d. puberty

___18. Which sex cell is produced in males?

a. ovary b. testis c. sperm d. egg

___19. When does conception, or fertilization, occur?

a. All 23 pairs of chromosomes are present.

b. An egg matures in a female's ovary.

c. A dominant gene overrides a recessive gene.

d. Sperm from a male unites with an egg from a female.

___20. What is ovulation?

a. The loss of the lining of the uterus

b. The joining of a male sex cell and a female sex cell

c. The release of a mature egg cell

___21. What tube is used to transport semen out of the body?

a. Fallopian tube b. vas deferens c. urethra d. seminal vesicle

___22. Which structure in the male reproductive system stores and matures sperm?

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a. seminal vesicle b. vas deferens c. prostate gland d. epididymis

___23. The _____ is a basic functional and physical unit of heredity.

a. geneticist b. gene c. genetics d. genome

___24. What is the hormone responsible for causing sudden emotional changes and
sexual feelings that occur in males during puberty?

a. estrogen b. Progesterone c. testosterone d. LH

___25. Which change during puberty happens to boys and girls?

a. Hips widen. b. Facial hair grows. c. Underarm hair grows.

___26. How long is gestation in humans?

a. 28 days b. 40 weeks c. 11 years

___27. What provides protection for the embryo during development?

a. amniotic sac b. umbilical cord c. scrotum d. placenta

___28. What are the male sex cells called?

a. Scrotum b. Sperm ducts c. Sperm cells

___29. Where does gestation occur?

a. umbilical cord b. placenta c. uterus

___30. Fertilization usually occurs in the

a. Fallopian tubes b. vagina c. uterus d. ovary

___31. Where are the male sex cells made?

a. In the sperm ducts b. In the penis c. In the testes

___32. What substance passes through the placenta to the baby?

a. Oxygen b. Carbon dioxide c. Blood

___33. Which of the following is not a part of the male reproductive system?

a. Testes b. Uterus c. Penis

___34. The female reproductive organ that produces a thick, nutrient-rich lining for a
fertilized egg is the _______.

a. Fallopian tube. b. prostate. c. uterus. d. ovary.

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___35. In the female reproductive system, the _____ opens to 10 centimeters during
birth.

a. ovary b. fallopian tube c. cervix d. vagina

36. About how long does the menstrual cycle take?

a. About 5 days b. About 28 days c. About 14 days

___37. The female sex cell is the

a. egg. b. ovary. c. sperm.

_________38. If fertilization occurs, it usually occurs in the uterus. (True or False)

___39. Which structure in the male reproductive system provides fluid for semen?

a. epididymis gland b. prostate gland c. urethra d. bladder

___40. What process involves an egg being discharged from an ovary?

a. negative feedback b. fertilization c. ovulation d. freedom

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3rd Quarter Activity 1 (Module 1)

Choose from the box below to complete the chart.

One sperm cell attaches to an egg in the fallopian tube and fertilizes it
The fertilized egg travels down through the fallopian tube to the uterus
Egg enters the fallopian tube
Sperm travels through the cervix, uterus, and into the fallopian tube
If the male and female have sexual intercourse then the penis is inserted into the vagina
Sperm exits the testicles and travels up the vas deferens
Sperm cells leaves the penis and enter the vagina (ejaculation)

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 Sperm cells mix with other fluid to become semen
Ovulation occurs (egg is released from the ovary around 25-30 days)
Fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus (implantation) conception complete

3rd Quarter Activity 2 (Module 1)

Label the following parts of the male reproductive system. Choose from the box below.

Epididymis Bladder Penis Pubic bone Urethra

Testicle Vas deferens Rectum Seminal vesicle Prostate gland

References

www.youtube.com

www.google.com

Exploring Life Through Science Grade 10

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