CHEMISTRY (5070/2) PAPER 2 THEORY, 2013

SECTION A: [50 marks]

Answer questions in the spaces provided.
A1 Choose from the following terms to answer this question.
Sublimation, diffusion, matter, liquefaction, ion,
Which of the terms above describes:
(a) The physical material of the universe……………………………………………………………………….[1]
(b) A basic unit of matter……………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
(c) Carbon dioxide gas changing to dry ice …………………………………………………………………….[1]
(d) Spreading movement of particles………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(e) A gas changing to a liquid…………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
A2 A pupil wants to find out which coloured dyes have been mixed together to make dye X. She
separates a sample of dye X and samples of coloured dyes using paper chromatography.
Her results are shown in Figure 2.1.

(a) Explain why the line is drawn in pencil and not ink……………………………………………………..[2]
(b) Which colours are present in dye X? …………………………………………………………………………..[2]
(c) Which coloured dye contains a substance not present in any of the other coloured dyes?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

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A3 (a) Complete the table below.

Ion Number of Protons Number of Electrons

F- 9
11 10
Mg2+ 10

(b) Magnesium atom has electronic configuration 2,8,2.

Explain why magnesium is in Group II, Period 3 in the Periodic Table……………………………[2]
32
(c) An atom has the notation X. State the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in
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one atom of X.

Protons: ……………………………....Electrons:……………….………….Neutrons:…………………………[3]
A4 1.5dm3 of hydrogen chloride gas measured at room temperature and pressure was
absorbed in aqueous ammonia solution and 50cm3 of the ammonia solution was neutralized
completely.
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq) NH4Cl(aq)
Calculate;
(a) The molarity of the ammonia solution…………………………………………………………………………..[3]
(b) The mass of ammonium chloride expected to be produced in the reaction……………………[2]
(c) The percentage yield of the ammonium chloride if 2.68g of ammonium chloride was
obtained after evaporating the solution…………………………………………………………………………[2]
A5 The Periodic Table is arranged in Groups.
(a) Chlorine, Cl, is in Group VII of the Periodic Table. It reacts with sodium metal to form the
salt, sodium chloride, according to the equation below.
Cl2(g) + 2Na(s) 2NaCl(s)
(i) What is the common name given to Group VII elements? …………………………………[1]
(ii) State one important use of chlrine……………………………………………………..……………..[1]
(iii) The reaction of chlorine with sodium metal to form sodium chloride is
exothermic. State the energy change which occurs during the reaction…………….[1]
(iv) Which has more energy, the mixture of sodium and chlorine or the sodium
chloride? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
(b) Elements in the same group react in a similar way.
(i) Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium with bromine
vapour. Include state symbols. ………………………………………………………………………….[2]
(ii) Which element reacts more vigorously with sodium, chlorine or bromine? Explain
your answer. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

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A6 The following is the list of metals: Aluminium, Copper, Sodium, Zinc
Use the list to answer the following questions.
(a) Name the metal that is;
(i) Used for electrical wiring in a home…………………………………………………………………[1]
(ii) Extracted from haematite……….……………………………………………………………………….[1]
(iii) Found native in some places…………………………………………………………………………….[1]
(b) (i) Which two metals are used to make brass? …………………………………………………….[1]
(ii) State two advantages of using brass other than its component elements………..[2]
A7 When carbon is burned in air, heat is released to the surroundings.
(a) State with reason, whether the reaction is an endothermic or exothermic process……..[1]
(b) When 1.2g of carbon is completely burned in air, 39.4kJ of heat is liberated. Calculate
the enthalpy of combustion of carbon………………………………………………………………………….[2]
(c) Draw the energy level diagram for the burning of carbon…………………………………………….[3]
A8 Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon. Diamond has a melting point of about
3700oC whereas graphite has a melting point of about 3300oC.
(a) Explain what is meant by the term allotropes…………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) Explain why both diamond and graphite have very high melting points……………………..[1]
(c) Explain why diamond does not conduct electricity whereas graphite does…………………[2]
(d) Why is graphite used in pencils? …………………………………………………………………………………[1]

Section B
(45 marks) Answer three questions from this section
Write your answers in the booklet provided.

B9 Epsom salt is a commercial or trade name for the hydrated salt of magnesium sulphate
crystals, MgSO4.7H2O.
The crystals are formed from a solution of magnesium sulphate, MgSO4(aq) by a suitable
process.
A pupil wishes to prepare Epsom salt, in its pure, dry form by starting with an insoluble solid
reactant X with known dilute acid Y.
(a) Give the name and formula of the acid Y. [2]
(b) Give the formulae of any three possible reactants to be used as solid X in this
experiment [3]
(c) When X is reacted with Y a gas which turns lime water milky is produced.
(i) Use this information to construct a balanced equation for the reaction of X and Y,
including state symbols. [2]
(ii) 3 3
The pupil deliberately adds more of the solid X to 100cm of 1.0mol/dm acid Y.
(a) Explain why the pupil chooses to use the solid in excess. [1]

3
 (b) What separation technique must the pupil use at this stage to obtain the
solution of magnesium sulphate? [1]
(iii) The crystals of Epsom salt, MgSO4.7H2O are then collected from the solution of
MgSO4(aq). The following steps are involved ( not in their order)
1. Filter
2. Dry crystals
3. Heat solution
4. Allow solution to cool slowly
Arrange these four steps in their logical order for the dry crystals of
MgSO4.7H2O to be collected from MgSO4(aq). [1]
3 3
(d) Excess of the solid X is used or added to 100cm of 1.0mol/dm acid Y.
(i) Calculate the mass of the crystals MgSO4.7H2O expected to be produced in the
experiment. [3]
(ii) Calculate the percentage yield if 20.0g of MgSO4.7H2O is actually collected. [2]
B10 The diagram below shows apparatus which were used by a pupil to electrolyse molten
sodium bromide using inert electrodes.

(a) State the ions present in molten sodium bromide. [2]

(b) State two suitable materials for the electrodes. [2]
(c) Name the product formed at each electrode. Write the equation for the reaction
occurring at each electrode. [4]
(d) A silvery coloured liquid was seen floating on the electrolyte around the cathode. Name
this liquid and explain why it floats on sodium bromide. [2]
(e) State what was seen at the anode. [2]
(f) Why was the molten sodium bromide being heated? [1]
(g) The pupil repeated the electrolysis but using aqueous sodium bromide. Write the;
(I) Equations for the anode and cathode reactions. [2]
(II) Overall equations for this electrolysis [1]

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B11 The table below shows the results of the production of hydrogen in the reaction between
zinc granules and dilute hydrochloric acid at 25oC.

Volume (cm3) 0 5.0 10.0 13.0 15.5 18.5 19.5 19.5 19.5
Time (mins) 0 0.6 1.5 2.3 3.0 4.4 5.7 7.0 7.5

(a) Plot a graph of volume against time for the reaction. [3]
(b) Calculate the average rate of the reaction during the first 3 minutes. [3]
(c) Use the graph to determine the volume of gas collected after 5 minutes. [1]
(d) On the same graph sketch a curve you would expect if powdered zinc were used instead
of zinc granules. Label this curve P. [2]
(e) How long did it take for the reaction to end? [1]
(f) Mention three factors you would employ to increase the rate of production of the gas.
[1]
(g) Explain briefly how each of the mentioned factors above increases the rate of
production of the gas. [3]
B12 Nylon is a synthetic polymer which has an amide linkage similar to that of proteins.
(a) What is meant by the words synthetic polymer? [1]
(b) Draw the structure of nylon, showing at least three monomer units. Circle the amide
linkage in the structure drawn. [3]
(c) (i) Draw the structures of the two monomers from which nylon is made. [2]
(ii) By what type of polymerization is nylon formed from its monomers? [1]
(iii) What other product is formed? [1]
(d) Terylene is a synthetic polyester which has an ester linkage similar to fats. The structure
of a Terylene molecule is shown below.

(i) What is a polyester? [1]

(ii) Name the elements that make up an ester link. [2]
(iiI) State one use of terylene. [1]
(e) (i) Name the plastic commonly used for making plastic bags. [1]
(ii) State two reasons why there is a need to recycle plastics. [2]

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CHEMISTRY (5070/2) PAPER 2 THEORY, 2014
SECTION A: [50 marks]
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
A1. (a) By describing the movement of particles explain what is meant by diffusion……………….[2]
(b) When a perfume is sprayed in one corner of a room, the smell spreads to all parts of the
room after a few minutes. The perfume particles move at about 600m/s. why then does
it take so long for the perfume particles to spread? ……………………………………………....….[1]
(c) Explain why solids and liquids are difficult to compress whereas gases can easily be
compressed. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
A2. The diagram shows four sets of apparatus used in the Laboratory experiment.

Which of the letters A to E correspond to each of the following descriptions:

(a) Residue ……………….(b) sublimate ……………….(c) saturated solution……………………………..[3]
(d) filtrate………………………………………………………..(e) …………………………………………………………..[2]

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A3 You are given two diagrams representing elements X and Y. Study the diagrams and answer
the questions which follow.

(a) In which group and period are elements X and Y?

X: Period ………………………………………… Group …………………………………………………..
Y: Period ………………………………………… Group ………………………………………………….. [2]
(b) State the valences of X and Y. X……………………………………. Y………………………. [2]
(c) Write the chemical formula of X and Y. …………………………………………………………….. [1]
(d) If the atomic masses of X and Y are 40 and 37respectively, what is the number of
neutrons in each element? X……………………………………….. Y………………………………….. [2]
(e) (i) Would the compound X and Y be ionic or covalent? ………………………………………. [1]
(ii) Explain your answer to (e) (i) above. ……………………………………………………………… [1]
A4 An iron salt was analysed and found to have the following percentage composition by mass:
20.2% Fe; 11.5% S; 23.0% O and 45.3% H2O of crystallization.
The relative formula mass of the compound is 278.
(a) Work out the formula of the salt.

[4]

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 (b) 6.95g of the hydrated salt were dissolved in distilled water to make 250cm3 of solution.
Calculate the concentration of the solution in mol/dm3.

[2]
A5 The diagram shows some elements in the Periodic Table.

(a) What determines the order of the elements in the Periodic Table? ……………………………[1]
(b) To which period does magnesium belong? …………………………………………………………………[1]
(c) Choose from the elements shown in the table above to answer these questions:
(i) Which element is an alkali? ……………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(ii) Which element has three electrons in its outer shell? …………………………………………… [1]
(iii) Which element reacts with oxygen to form a basic oxide?........................................ [1]
(d) State one use of chlorine………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
A6 Zinc is used to galvanise iron and steel objects. It is a component of many alloys.
(a) (i) Explain what it means to ‘galvanize’. ………………………………………………………………………..[1]
(ii) What is reason for galvanizing iron and iron objects?..................................................[1]
(b) Name an alloy containing Zinc. ……………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
(c) State two differences and one similarity between Zinc and the alloy it forms.
Difference 1: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Difference 2: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Similarity: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]

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A7 A student adds ammonia solution, little by little, to dilute sulphuric acid in a beaker. The
student measures the pH value of the mixture during the addition of ammonia solution.
(a) Describe how the pH value changes as the ammonia solution is added to the sulphuric
acid solution………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
(b) Write the ionic equation to represent the reaction between ammonia and dilute
sulphuric acid. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
(c) Ammonia solution is a weak alkali.
(i) What is meant by the term weak alkali? …………….…………………………………………………[1]
(ii) Give an example of a strong alkali. …………………………………………………………….…………[1]
(d) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with calcium carbonate to form carbon dioxide gas.
(i) State what you would see during the reaction. ………………………………………………………[1]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction of dilute sulphuric acid and calcium
carbonate. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
A8 The diagram below shows an energy level diagram for the burning of hydrogen.

(a) What energy change occurs when hydrogen burns?.......................................................[1]

(b) What is the enthalpy of combustion of hydrogen? ………………………………………………………[1]
(c) Is the reaction which occurs in burning hydrogen exothermic or endothermic? Give a
reason for your answer. ………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]

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 (d) What is X and why is it imphortant?.................................................................................[2]
(e) State the enthalpy change of reaction for the reaction represented by the chemical
equation below:
2H2O(g) 2H2(g) + O2(g)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]

Section B
(45 marks) Answer three questions from this section
Write your answers in the booklet provided.

B9 A copper (ii) sulphate solution is electrolyzed using carbon electrodes.

(a) Give the formulae of all the ions present in the solution. [4]
(b) Copper metal is plated on the cathode, and a gas is evolved at the anode.
(i) Write a half equation for the formation of copper at the cathode. [2]
(ii) Describe the identity test of the gas evolved at the anode. [2]
(c) After some time, the blue colour of the aqueous copper (ii) sulphate fades and the pH of
the solution decreases. Explain briefly why these changes take place. [3]
(d) The graph below shows the relationship between the mass of copper formed and the
total charge passed through the electrolyte.

(i) What mass of copper is formed when a charge of 230 coulombs is passed through the
solution? [2]
(ii) What charge is needed to deposit 0.13g of copper at the cathode? [2]

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B10 Hydrochloric acid reacts with marble chips (calcium carbonate).
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
A 50cm3 sample of dilute hydrochloric acid was added in excess to a small quantity of
marble chips in an evaporating dish, which was placed on a balance. The mass of the dish
and its contents was recorded every 30 seconds. The results are shown in the graph below:

(a) (i) Draw a smooth curve through the points on the grid. [2]
(ii) Which result appears to be incorrect? Why have you selected this result? [2]
(b) Use the graph to answer the following questions.
(i) How long did the reaction last? [1]
(ii) What mass of carbon dioxide was produced? [1]
3
(c) Sketch on the grid the curve you would expect if 50cm of more concentrated
hydrochloric acid had been used in the Experiment. [2]
(d) What apparatus could be used, instead of an evaporating dish, to reduce any loss of acid
by splashing? [1]
(e) Reversible reactions can come to a state of dynamic equilibrium.
(i) Explain the term ‘dynamic equilibrium’ [2]
(ii) For the equilibrium reaction below:

Explain fully the effect of adding a catalyst and increasing the pressure. [4]

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B11 An ester is made from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The carboxylic acid has molecular
formula C4H8O2.
(a) (i) Name the carboxylic acid.
(ii) Draw the structural formula of the carboxylic acid.
(iii) What is the empirical formula of the carboxylic acid? [3]
(b) Analysis of the alcohol shows it has the following percentage composition by mass.
52.2% carbon, 13.0% hydrogen, 34.8% Oxygen.
(i) Work out the empirical and molecular formulae of the alcohol (Mr = 46). [5]
(ii) Draw the full structural formula of the alcohol and state its name. [2]
(c) (i) Write a chemical equation of the reaction between the carboxylic acid in a (a)(i) and
alcohol in (b)(ii) using structural diagrams. [2]
(ii) Terylene is a polyester used to make clothing material. Draw part of the structure
of terylene showing at least 3 monomer units. [2]
(iii) Which natural macromolecules contain the ester linkages? [1]
B12. (a) Silicon is a typical non-metallic element in Group IV of the Periodic Table.
(i) State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom of Silicon. [3]
(ii) State one chemical and one physical property which shows that Silicon is a non –
metal. [2]
(b) A sample of Silicon was prepared in the laboratory by heating Silicon dioxide (sand) with
Magnesium metal according to the equation below.

(i) Describe briefly how pure Silicon can be obtained from the mixture of products. [3]
(ii) State any two important uses of Silicon. [2]
(c) Silicones are intermediates between organic macromolecules and inorganic
macromolecules such as silicates. The silicones have structures similar to that shown
below but with different hydrocarbon groups attached to the silicon atoms.

(i) State any two large scale us of silicones. [2]

(ii) Encircle the simplest repeating unit on a copy of the structure of the silicone. [1]
(iii) Explain why silicones have fire resistant properties. [2]

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CHEMISTRY (5070/2) PAPER 2 THEORY, 2015
SECTION A: [50 marks]
Answer questions in the spaces provided.
A1 The kinetic theory of matter explains the way in which solids, liquids and gasses behave.
Describe the movement of particles in
(a) Solids……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]
(b) Liquids……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
(c) Gases……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]
A2 The apparatus below was used in the extraction of ethanol from fermented maize grain.

(a) Name the apparatus labelled Y………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(b) What improvement can be made to the above arrangement to get pure ethanol?...[1]
(c) State the purpose of the cold water which passes through Y………....……………………….[1]
(d) Name the separation technique being used above…………………………………………………..[1]
(e) State an industrial application for the technique shown in the diagram above…….…..[1]

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A3 An element has 3 types of atoms. Two of these are shown below:

(a) What is the difference about these two atoms?...........................................................[1]

(b) What term is used to describe such atoms?..................................................................[1]
(c) What is the difference in nucleon number between atoms A and B? ………………………….[1]
(d) Atom B is radioactive. Explain what this means…………………………………………………………..[2]
A4 A sample of iron fillings had partly rusted upon being left under damp conditions. 3.5g of the
iron fillings were added to 50cm3 of aqueous copper (ii) sulphate. All the copper in copper
(II) sulphate was displaced according to the equation below:
CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s) Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq)
3.5g of copper was formed.
(a) Write the ionic equation for the above equation……………………………………………………….[1]
(b) If neither the iron nor the copper (II) sulphate was in excess, calculate
(i) the mass of iron which was present in the iron fillings sample……………………………[3]
(ii) the percentage by mass of rust in the iron fillings sample…………………………………..[2]
(iii) the concentration of the copper (II) sulphate solution in moles per dm 3. ………….[3]

14
A5 Use the Periodic Table to help you answer the following questions about the element
selenium, atomic number 34.
(a) In which Period is selenium?..........................................................................................[1]
(b) In an atom of selenium, how many
(i) valency electrons are present? ……………………………………………………………………..…….[1]
(ii) neutrons are present? ………………………………………………………………………………….….…[1]
(c) Would you expect selenium to be a metal or a non-metal? Give reason for your answer.
(d) Write the formula of the compound formed between selenium and calcium…….……….[3]
A6 study the diagrams below and answer the questions which follow.

(a) In which test tube (s) do the following occur?

(i) Zinc atoms become zinc ions………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
(ii) Silver ions [Ag+] become silver atoms…………………………………………………………………….[1]
(iii) There is no reaction………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(iv) Metal atoms are oxidized………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(b) Write a chemical equation for one reaction from any tube…………………………………………[1]

15
A7 (a) Diesel and petrol are used in many different ways.
(i) In which way are the two similar in their use?.............................................................[1]
(ii) What general term is used to describe such substances…………………………………………..[1]
(b) A certain hydrocarbon has molecular mass of 58. 11.6g of this hydrocarbon is
completely burnt.
(i) Calculate the number of moles of the hydrocarbon that were burnt……………………….[2]
(ii) If one mole of this hydrocarbon produced 2880KJ of heat on complete
combustion, how much energy would 11.6g of the hydrocarbon produce on
complete combustion?..........................................................................................[2]
(iii) Why is it dangerous to burn coal in a limited supply of air?..................................[1]
A8 When chlorine gas is bubbled through iron (ii) chloride, the following reaction occurs:
2FeCl2(aq) + Cl2(g) 2 FeCl3(aq)
(a) What colour change is observed in this reaction? …………………………………………………..[1]
(b) The above reaction is a redox reaction. State with a reason which substance is
(i) reduced………………………………………….(ii) the oxidizing agent…………………………………[2]
(c) Write an ionic equation for the reaction above…………………………………………………………[2]
Section B
(45 marks) Answer three questions from this section
Write your answers in the booklet provided.

B9 When an acid reacts with an alkali, a salt and water are formed.
(a) What term is used to describe a reaction between an acid and an alkali? Write an ionic
equation for this reaction. [3]
(b) Acids can be classified as ‘weak’ or ‘strong’. Explain what is meant by the terms ‘weak’
and ‘strong’ when referred to acids. Give one example of each type of acid. [4]
(c) The word equation for the reaction used to form the insoluble salt barium sulphate is
shown below.

Barium nitrate + sodium sulphate Barium sulphate + sodium nitrate

(i) Write an ionic equation for this reaction.

(ii) Describe how a pure, dry sample of Barium sulphate can be obtained from the
reaction mixture.
(iii) What term is used to describe the method used to prepare the Barium sulphate? [5]

16
 (d) Oxides are classified as acidic, basic or amphoteric.
(i) What is an amphoteric acid?
(ii) What products are formed when a basic oxide reacts with an acid?
(iii) Which of the oxides below is likely to be an acidic oxide?
MgO, CuO, SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O
B10 The diagram below shows apparatus used in the silver- plating of an iron article. During the
electroplating, a current of 5A was passed through the aqueous electrolyte for 8.0 minutes.

(a) (i) What is meant by electroplating?

(ii) State one reason why electroplating is used. [2]
(b) State the names of electrode X and electrolyte Y which must be used in order for
successful plating to occur. [3]
(c) Write equations for the reactions occurring at the electrodes. [2]
(d) What mass of silver is deposited on the iron article? [3]
(e) What change is seen at the anode during the electrolysis of electrolyte Y? [1]
(f) If the iron article was to be coated with copper instead of silver, state the materials
needed to be used for electrode X and electrolyte Y. [2]
(g) State two other applications of electrolysis. [2]

17
B11 Ammonia is an essential industrial product which is manufactured by the Haber process.
(a) Give two reasons why ammonia is an essential product. [2]
(b) Write the equations for the reaction in which ammonia is produced by the Haber
process. Include state symbols. [2]
(c) State the raw materials from the two reactants used to make ammonia are obtained. [2]
(d) State the conditions needed to obtain a satisfactory yield of ammonia by the Haber
process. [3]
(e) Ammonia can be prepared in the laboratory by heating a mixture of calcium hydroxide
and ammonium sulphate as shown in the diagram below.

(i) Write the equation for the reaction of calcium hydroxide with ammonium sulphate[2]
(ii) Describe a chemical test for ammonia gas. [2]
(iii) Explain why concentrated sulphuric acid is not suitable for drying the ammonia gas.
[2]

18
B12 The table below shows the first four members of a particular homologous series.

Compound Molecular formula Relative molecular mass

Methanol CH3OH 32
Ethanol C2 H5 OH 46
Propanol C3 H7 OH 60
Butanol C4 H9 OH ?

(a) (i) Name the homologous series to which these compounds belong. [1]
(ii) Deduce the general formula of this homologous series. [1]
(iii) State the relative molecular mass of butanol. [1]
(b) Ethanol can be manufactured from either ethene or glucose.
(i) Construct an equation for the production of ethanol from ethene using structural
formulae. [2]
(ii) State the conditions necessary for the reaction in b(i) above. [2]
(iii) The fermentation of glucose can be represented by the following equation.
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Calculate the maximum mass of ethanol that can be made from 72 tonnes of
glucose. [3]
(c) State a use of ethanol, other than in alcoholic drinks. [1]
(d) Ethanol can be oxidised to form ethanoic acid
(i) Draw the structure of ethanoic acid, showing all the bonds. [1]
(ii) Name the organic compound formed when ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid. [1]
(iii) Draw the structure of the compound you have named in d(ii) above. [1]
(iv) State one condition necessary for the reaction of ethanol with ethanoic acid. [1]

19
CHEMISTRY (5070/2) PAPER 2 THEORY, 2016
SECTION A: [50 marks]
Answer questions in the spaces provided.
A1 (a) One of the laboratory rules reads as follows:
DO NOT EAT ANYTHING IN THE LABORATORY
(i) Explain why this rule is important
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State one other laboratory safety rule.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3]
(b) Important skills which a chemist needs to have include correct measurement of
quantities and choosing correct pieces of apparatus/equipment for carrying out some
experimental procedures. State the name of a piece of apparatus which can be used
to
(i) Measure accurately a volume of 0.6cm3……………………………………………………………
(ii) Measure the mass of a cooking oil sample. ……………………………………………………..
(iii) Hold 50cm3 of solution during a chemical reaction. …………………………………….[3]
A2 A sample was added to aqueous copper (II) sulphate solution forming a brown mixture.
The mixture was filtered using the experimental set up shown below.

(a) State the

(i) Name of the residue……………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Name of the filtrate ……………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) Colour of the filtrate ………………………………………………………………………………..[3]

20
 (b) The copper (II) sulphate solution is a mixture of two compounds.
(i) Name the two compounds present in the copper (II) sulphate solution.
………………………………………… and ………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Describe in outline how the two compounds in the copper (II) sulphate solution
can be separated.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [4]
A3 The diagrams show the nuclei of 5 different atoms.

(a) Which atom has

(i) An atomic number of 4? ……………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(ii) Mass number of 7? ………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(b) Using the letter M and Q, write the chemical formula of the compound formed if the
atoms that contain nuclei M and Q reacted. ……………………………………………………………. [1]
(c) What type of bond is formed for the reaction in (b) above? ……………………………………. [1]
(d) Which two letters represent nuclei of atoms which are Isotopes? …………………………...[1]
A4 10.00g of brass powder was added to excess dilute sulphuric acid and all the zinc reacted
with the acid leaving a residue of copper. 1200cm3 of hydrogen gas measured at r.t.p was
produced in the reaction of zinc and dilute sulphuric acid. After crystalizing the resulting
zinc sulphate solution, 10.76g of hydrated zinc sulphate crystals, ZnSO4.6H2O were
obtained.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of zinc powder with dilute
sulphuric acid. Include state symbols. …………………………………………………………………………[1]
(b) What mass of zinc was present in the 10.00g of brass powder?.....................................[2]
(c) Calculate the percentage composition by mass of the brass sample. ………………………….[2]
(d) Calculate the percentage yield of zinc sulphate crystals. …………………………………………….[3]

21
A5 (a) Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine are placed in the same Group of the Periodic
Table.
(i) State the common name used to describe elements in this Group………………………….
(ii) State the Group in which elements are placed and explain why they are placed in
that group. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) Which of the above named elements is a solid at room temperature and pressure?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………........................ [4]
(c) Chlorine reacts with sodium bromide to give sodium chloride and bromide according
to the equation below.
Cl2(g) + 2NaBr(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + Br2(g)
(i) Explain why the above reaction is possible. …………………………………………………..
(ii) What would be observed during this reaction? ………………………………………………
(iii) Construct an ionic equation for the reaction above. ………………………………….. [4]
A6 The diagram below shows an electrochemical cell made using zinc and iron dipped in dilute
sulphuric acid.

(a) What is the overall energy change which occurs in the electrochemical cell? Does
this represent an endothermic or an exothermic process? ……………….………………… [2]

22
 (b) To increase the voltage of the above cell either the zinc rod or the iron rod can be
replaced by another metal rod. Name a suitable metal which can be used in place of
the
(i) Zinc rod ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Iron rod ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]
(c) Write an equation for the reaction occurring at the iron electrode. ……………………...[1]
A7 16HCl(aq) + 2KMnO(aq) 2MnCl2(s) + 2KCl(aq) + 5Cl2(g) + 8H2O(l)
The equation above shows a redox reaction used to prepare chlorine gas in the
laboratory.
(a) What is meant by redox reaction? ……………………………………………………………………….[1]
(b) Calculate the oxidation number of chlorine in HCl and explain why a change from HCl
to Cl2 is an oxidation process. ………………………………………………………………………………[2]
(c) (i) Calculate the oxidation number of manganese, Mn in KMnO4 and MnCl2……………
(iii) Is a change from KMnO4 to MnCl2 oxidation or reduction? ……………………….[3]
A8 The diagram below shows apparatus used to electrolyze concentrated potassium chloride.

(a) Suggest a suitable material for the electrodes. ………………………………………………………….[1]

(b) Write an ionic equation to show the formation of gas.
(i) A ………………………………………………….. (ii) B. ………………………………………………….[2]
(c) Explain why potassium metal is not formed at the cathode in this electrolysis. …………[1]
(d) Write the overall equation for the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous potassium
chloride. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]

23
Section B
(30 marks) Answer three questions from this section
Write your answers in the booklet provided.

B9 (a) Copper (II) sulphate crystals can be prepared in the laboratory by reacting
copper(ii) carbonate with a dilute acid.
(i) Name the dilute acid which reacts with copper (II) carbonate to form copper (II)
sulphate.
(ii) Write a balance chemical equation with state symbols for the reaction.
(iii) Describe the procedure for the preparation of copper (II) sulphate solution from
copper (II) carbonate and the named acid in (i) above. [5]
(b) Describe what is observed when an excess of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a
solution containing copper (II) ions and name one product formed. [3]
(C) Describe a chemical test to show the presence of sulphate ions in the solution and state
what would be observed. [2]

24
B10 A student prepared a sample of sulphur dioxide in the laboratory by the action of dilute
hydrochloric acid on sodium sulphite according to the equation below.
Na2SO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + SO2(g)
The diagram below shows the apparatus used.

(a) (i) What is the purpose of concentrated sulphuric acid?

(ii) Describe a test for sulphur dioxide.
(iii) Sulphur dioxide is one of the major pollutant gases of air. It dissolves in rain
water in the presence of oxygen to form sulphuric acid making the rain acidic.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the formation of sulphuric acid by
reaction of water with sulhur dioxide and atmospheric oxygen. State one
hazardous effect of acid rain on the environment. [5]
(b) One of the uses of sulphur dioxide is in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur
dioxide is reacted with oxygen to form sulphur trioxide according to the equation

(i) State the conditions used in the Contact process to get a good yield of sulphur
trioxide.
(ii) Describe how the sulphur trioxide is safely converted into sulphuric acid.
(iii) State one commercial use of sulphuric acid. [5]

25
B12 Common metals extracted in industry include aluminium, copper and zinc.
(a) Copy the table below and complete it by naming the main ore and method of extraction
of the metal from the ore.

Element Name of ore Method of extraction

Aluminium
Copper
Zinc
[3]
(b) (i) Which of the metals in the table is quickly coated with an oxide layer when exposed to
air making it unreactive?
(ii) Bronze is an alloy. Which two metals are alloyed to produce bronze? [2]
(c) State two reasons why alloys are preferred to pure metals. [2]
(d) Two of the metals in the table form oxides which react with acids and alkalis.
(i) What products are formed when the metal oxides react with an acid and an alkali?
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction when one of the metal oxides reacts with dilute
hydrochloric acid. [3]
B12 The structural formula of an ester is given below.

(a) (i) Describe how the above ester can be prepared in the laboratory by naming the
reagents and the conditions needed for successful reaction.
(ii) What observation will confirm that an ester has been formed in the reaction? [5]
(b) Terylene is a polymer formed from carboxylic acid and alcohol units.
(i) Name two monomers used to make terylene
(ii) Draw the structural formula of terylene showing only four (4) monomer
units.
(iii) State one use of terylene. [5]

26
CHEMISTRY (5070/2) PAPER 2 THEORY, 2017
SECTION A: [50 marks]
Answer questions in the spaces provided.
A1 A pupil was performing a titration experiment in a science laboratory. Accidentally, the
reagent bottle containing sodium hydroxide fell onto the floor and broke thereby spilling
the sodium hydroxide solution on the floor.
(a) State with reason one precaution the pupil needs to take when cleaning the spillage…[2]
(b) State other safety rules that are supposed to be observed in a science laboratory………[2]
A2 The graph below shows a heating curve for pure substance. The temperature rises with tie
as the substance is heated.

(a) What physical state (s) is the substance in at A and C?

State at A: ………………………………………………………………State at C:…………………………..……[2]
(b) Describe the movement of the particles of the substance at A and C.
Movement at A:…………………………………………………..Movement at C:…………………………….[2]
(c) What is the melting point and the boiling point of the substance?
Melting Point:……………………………………………Boiling Point:……………………………………………[2]
(d) Describe what happens to the temperature while the substance is changing its physical
state. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]

27
A3 The diagram below shows the experimental arrangement for carrying out fractional
distillation.

(a) Name A and B. A……………………………………………………………B………………………………………….[2]

(b) Give the general name given to liquid C. ………………..……………………………………………………[1]
(c) What type of mixtures are separated by this process? ………………………………………………..[2]
(d) What change would you make to the above diagram if you were to separate water from
a salt solution? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………...[1]
A4 (a) Using dot and cross diagrams, show the structures of the following compounds.
(i) Magnesium oxide. ( show outer shells only)

[2]

28
 (ii) Carbon dioxide. (Show all the shells)

[2]

(b) State any two differences in physical properties between ionic (electrovalent) and
covalent compounds. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
A5 An organic compound contains 40.00% C, 6.67% H and the rest is oxygen, by mass. The mass
of 0.02 mol of the compound is 3.60g. Work out….
(a) Empirical formula of the compound.

[4]
(b) Molecular formula of the compound.

[4]

29
A6 The grid below is part of the Periodic Table of the elements. Use it to answer the questions
that follow. The letters are not the actual symbols of elements. The numbers represent the
actual atomic numbers of the elements.

(a) Using the letters shown in the grid, write down the formula of the compound formed
between A and D. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
(b) Describe the trend in reactivity in the Group in which
(i) C and F are placed: ………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) A and E are placed: ………………………………………………………………………………………….[2]
(c) State the letter representing an element which has the same electronic configuration as
the stable ion of :
(i) E …………………………………………………… (ii) F ……………………………………………………….[2]
(d) State a general name given to a group of elements to which the elements A and E
belong. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
A7 Copper can be purified using the electrolysis of aqueous copper (II) sulphate in the
laboratory.
(a) Draw a labelled diagram showing the experimental arrangement used in the purification
of copper.

[3]

(b) Write down the equations for the reactions taking place at the electrodes.
Cathode: …………………………………………………… Anode: ……………………………………………..…….[2]
(b) Give one reason why copper is used to make electricity cables………………………………..…[1]

30
A8 A pupil set up the following apparatus for the preparation of ammonia gas in the laboratory.

(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction of calcium hydroxide with ammonium
chloride to form ammonia gas……………………………………………………………………………………[2]
(b) When a pupil used concentrated sulphuric acid as the drying agent, the pupil noticed
that no gas was collected in the gas jar.
(i) Explain why no gas was collected in the gas jar…………………………………………………..
(ii) Name a suitable material for the drying agent………………………………………………..[3]
(c) Describe a chemical test for ammonia…………………………………………………………………………[2]

Section B (30 marks)

Answer three questions from this section
Write your answers in the booklet provided.

B9 (a) Sodium Sulphate is a soluble salt that can be prepared from dilute sulphuric acid.
(i) Name the other chemical that can be reacted with dilute sulphuric acid to
prepare the salt. ………………………………………..……………………………………………………..[1]
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the reaction above.[2]
(iii) Describe in detail how you would prepare pure crystals of sodium sulphate using
the named reactants. …..…………………………………………………………………………………..[4]
(b) The salt prepared is the normal salt.
(i) What is the normal salt? ………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
(ii) If the above reactants were to form an acid salt, give the name of the acid salt
that would be formed from the two reactants and give its chemical formula. [2]

31
B10 Sodium thiosulphate solution and hydrochloric acid react to form sodium chloride, water,
sulphur and sulphur dioxide according to the equation below:

Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + S(s) + SO2(g)

The sulphur precipitate formed makes the reaction mixture opaque when it reaches a
certain concentration. Different concentrations of sodium thiosulphate of equal volumes
were reacted with 10cm3 of molar hydrochloric acid solutions. The time taken for the
reaction mixture to become opaque was recorded for each reaction. The following results
were obtained.
Concentration of 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.07 0.80
Na2S2O3 in mol/dm 3

Time (s) 70 60 47 36 28 19 13 7 3

(a) Plot a graph of concentration of sodium thiosulphate against time in seconds. [4]
(b) Use the graph to determine the time it would take for the reaction mixture to become
opaque when 0.35M sodium thiosulphate reacts with the molar hydrochloric acid
solution. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(c) State one other factor which affects the rate of reaction of sodium thiosulphate and
hydrochloric acid. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
(d) Using the reaction of calcium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid, describe an
experiment to show that surface are affects the rate of a chemical reaction……………….[4]
B11 (a) the diagram below shows the energy – level diagram for tissue respiration.

(i) What does X represent? ……………………………………………………………………..[1]

(ii) Is tissue respiration exothermic or endothermic? Give a reason for your
answer. …………………….………………………………………………………………………[2]

32
 (iii) Calculate the amount of heat change involved when 3.6g of glucose
reacts completely with oxygen……………………………………………………..[2]
(b) Hydrogen combines with chlorine to form hydrogen chloride gas.
(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction…………………………………………………..[1]
(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction of hydrogen and chlorine using the
bond energies below.

Bond Bond energy (KJ/mol)

H-H 436

Cl-Cl 242
H-Cl 431
[3]
(iii) What is the difference in energy change between the above reaction and
photosynthesis? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
B12 (a) The structural of tetra fluoroethene is shown below.
(i) Draw the structure of the polymer formed when tetra fluoroethene molecules
polymerize ( show at least 4 monomer units). Give the name of the polymer.
(ii) What type of polymerization is involved in the formation of the polymer above?
(iii) When 10 tonnes of tetrafluoroethene polymerized, 9 tonnes of the polymer were
obtained. Calculate the percentage yield…………………………………………………………….
(iv) Name another commercially available polymer containing a halogen and state its
use…………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………..[8]
(b) Propene has a similar structure to that of tetrafluoroethene.
(i) Draw the structure of propene…………………………………………………………………………..[1]
(ii) Why is propene classified as an unsaturated hydrocarbon? …………………………………..[1]

33
MARKING SCHEME
CHEMISTRY 5070/2 FOR 2013
SECTION A
[55 MARKS]
A1 (a) Matter (b) ion (c) Sublimation (d) Diffusion (e) Liquefaction
A2 (a) Pencil is insoluble while ink is a mixture of dyes which is soluble can distort the results.
(b) Red and Yellow
(c) Brown
A3 (a)
ion Number of Protons Number of electrons
F - 9 10
Na + 11 10
Mg 2+ 12 10

(b) Magnesium has two (2) electrons in its outermost shell and has three (3) occupied
shells.
(c) Protons: 15 Electrons: 15 Neutrons: 17
A4 (a) Calculation leading to NH3
Moles of HCl = 1.5 = 0.0625 mol
24
Molarity of NH3 = 0.0625 mol
0.05dm3
= 1.25 mol/dm3
(b) Mass NH4Cl = 0.0625 x 53.5g = 3.34g
(c) Percentage yield of NH4Cl
= 2.68 x 100%
3.34g
= 80.2% (80%)
A5 (a) (i) Halogens
(ii) Any one of the following:-
- Sterilization of water/ Making bleaching agent
- Making pesticides/insecticides/ manufacture of paint
(iii) From chemical energy to heat energy
(iv) The mixture of sodium and chlorine.
(b) (i) 2Na(s) + Br2 2NaBr(s)
(ii) Chlorine
Reactivity decreases down the group, so bromine is less reactive than chlorine.

34
A6 (a) (i) Copper (ii) Iron Copper
(b) (i) Copper and Zinc
(ii) Any two of the following:-
- Stronger
- Better appearance
- Resistant to corrosion
A7 (a) Exothermic. Because heat is liberated to the surroundings
(b) 1.2g 39.4kj
12g x
X = 12g x 39.4KJ = 394Kj/mol
1.2g
Enthalpy of combustion is – 394Kj/mol
(c)

A8 (a) Allotropes are crystalline forms of the same element.

(b) The forces of attraction holding the atoms together are very strong and a lot of energy is
needed to overcome them.
(c) Diamond is soft due to weak forces of attraction between the layers of carbon atoms.

35
SECTION B [45 MARKS]
B9 (a) (dilute ) sulphuric acid H2SO4
(b) Mg MgCO3 MgO Mg(OH)2
(c) (i) MgCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(ii) (a) To ensure that all the acid is neutralized.
(b) Filtration
(iii) Heat solution – allow solution to cool slowly – filter – Dry crystals
(d) (i) Moles of acid y = 1.0 x 0.1
= 0.1 mol
Moles of MgSO4 = moles of H2SO4
= 0.1mol
Expected yield = 0.1 x 264g
= 24.6g MgSO4.7H2O
(ii) Percentage yield = 20.0g x 100%
24.6g
= 81.3%
B10 (a) Na+ and Br-
(b) Carbon and platinum
(c) At anode: Bromine At cathode: sodium
At anode: 2Br-(l) Br2(g) + 2e-
At cathode: Na+(l)+ e- Na(l)
(d) Sodium. It is less dense than the electrolyte
(e) A reddish – brown vapour
(f) In order for it to remain in molten state.
(g) (i) At anode: 2Br-(aq) Br2(aq) + 2e-
At Cathode: 2H+(aq) + 2e- H2(g)
(ii) 2NaBr(aq) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + Br2(aq) H2(g)

36
B11 (a) Graph of volume against time.
(b) Rate = Volume = 15.5cm3 = 5.17cm3/min
Time 3.0mins
(c) (from graph) Volume = 19.2cm3 (or 19.3cm3).
(d) (smooth curve leveling off earlier than 5.7mins)
(e) 5.7 minutes

(f) – increase concentration of acid

- increase temperature of the reactants
- crush the zinc granules into powder
(g) – increase in concentration: - Increase frequency of collisions between particles because
particles are close together.
- increase in temperature:- Increase frequency of collisions between particles because
particles are moving faster.
- increase in surface area – increase frequency of collisions between particles because
most particles are exposed at once.
B12 (a) They are made by man/ do not occur naturally.
(b)

(c) (i)

(ii) Condensation polymerization (iii) water

(d) (i) A macromolecule formed from monomers which are diols and dicarboxylic acids/ a
macromolecule consisting of a large number of ester links.
(ii) carbon and oxygen (iii) To make cloth
(e) (i) Polythen (ii) – Recycling is cheaper
- To reduce land pollution

37
MARKING SCHEME
CHEMISTRY 5070/2 FOR 2014

SECTION A
[50 MARKS]
A1 (a) The movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low
concentration due to collisions between particles as they move randomly.
(b) The air already contains air molecules which collide with perfume particles causing them
to slow down.
(c) Solids and liquids have closely packed particles whereas gas have particles which are
further apart.
A2 (a) D (b) A (c) C (d) E (d) B
A3 (a) X: Period 4 Group 2
Y: Period 3 Group 7
(b) X: 2 Y: 1
(C) XY2
(D) X:20 Y: 20
(E) (i) Ionic
(ii) X loses 2 electrons while Y gains 1 electron.
A4 (a) Fe O S H 20
20.2 23.0 11.5 45.3
56 16 32 18

0.3607mol 1.438mol 0.3594mol 2.5167 mol

0.3607 1.438 0.3594 2.5167

0.3594 0.3594 0.3594 0.3594

1 4 1 7
The formula of the salt is FeSO4.7H2O
(b) mols = m
mm
= 6.95g
278g/mol
= 0.025mols
Molarity = mols
Volume
= 0.025mols
0.250dm3
= 0.1mol/dm3

38
A5 (a) Atomic number or proton number
(b) three
(c) (i) Li or Na (ii) B (iii) Li, Be, Na or Mg
(d) to kill germs and micro – organisms in water
A6 (a) (i) To galvanise means to coat with Zinc
(ii) To prevent the iron from rusting
(b) brass/dutch metal
(c) Differennce 1: alloy is harder and stronger than zinc
Difference 2: alloy has a more attractive appearance than zinc
Or: alloy is more resistant to corrosion
Similarity is that both alloy and zinc are malleable, ductile, sonorous, conduct electricity.
A7 (a) the pH value of thesolution increases or rises.
(b) H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l)
(c) (i)effervescence/fizzing
(ii) CaCO3(s)+ 2H2O(aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
A8 (a) Chemical to heat and light
(b) H = -247Kj/mol
(c) Exothermic, Reason: H is negative
(d) X is activation energy, it is used to overcome the energy barrier/ to start the reaction.
(e) H = + 494Kj

Section B
B9 (a) Cu2+(aq), SO2-4(aq), H+(aq) and OH-(aq)
(b) (i) Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s)
(ii) Introduce a glowing splint in the gas.
The splint is relighted.
(c) Colour fades as Cu2+ are reduced to copper atoms.
The Cu2+ have the blue colour
Solution pH decreases because H+ ions become more than OH- ions
(d) (i) 0.75g (ii) 400C

B10 (a) (i) For curve

(ii) Result on (1.5, 149.58) (Point number 4), at 11/2 minutes. It falls out of the curve.
(b) (i) 3 minutes
(ii) 0.8g
(c) curve will be steeper and level off earlier than before.
(d) conical flask/ container with cotton wool in neck.
(e) (i) This is the stage in the reversible reaction when rate of forward reaction equals to rate
of reverse reaction and the quantities of reactants and products remain constant.
(ii) Addding a catalyst will not affect position of equilibrium. Because it speeds up both
the forward and reverse reactions in the same way.
Increasing pressure will cause equilibrium to shift to the left. Because the reactant
occupies a smaller volume than the products.

39
B11 (a) (i) Butanoic acid
(ii)

(iii) C2H4O
(b) (i)

Empirical formula C2H6O

Mass of Empirical formula = 46
Mass of molecule formula = 46
Therefore, Molecular formula is C2H6O
(ii)

40
(c) (i) C3H7COOH + C2H5OH C3H7COOC2H5 + H2O
(ii)

Or

(iii) Fats/lipids

B12 (a) (i) 14p, 14n and 14e

(ii) Chemical property: it forms an acidic oxide
Physical property: It is brittle
(b) (i) Add water/ a dilute acid to the mixture to dissolve out the magnesium oxide
Filter to remove the silicon, rinse it with distilled water and dry it.
(iii) Making microchips
Making silicones
Making semiconductor diodes
(c) (i) used as rubbers, sealants, varnishes, waxes, polishes etc.
(ii)

(iii) When they are burnt they yield products such as water and carbon dioxide which do
not support combustion.

41
MARKING SCHEME
CHEMISTRY 5070/2 FOR 2015

SECTION A
[50 MARKS]
A1 (a) Particles vibrate/ rotate within fixed positions
(b) Particles move from one point to another within the volume of a liquid.
(c) Particles move from one point to another both within and outside the gas boundary.
A2 (a) Liebig condenser/ condenser.
(b) Introduce a fractionating column.
(c) To cool the vapour in order to condense it/ To condense the vapour.
(d) Simple distillation / distillation.
(e) e.g. in the manufacture of distilled water.
A3 (a) The number of neutrons/the mass number/ nucleon number.
(b) Isotopes (c) 2
(d) This means that their nuclei split up to form different elements.
A4 (a) Cu2+(aq) + Fe(s) Cu(s) + Fe2+(aq)
(b) (i) 1 mol Fe 64g Cu
X 3.2g
No of moles of Fe = 1 x 3.2 = 0.05 moles
64
Therefore, mass of Fe = moles x mm
0.05 x 56 = 2.8g
(ii) Mass of Rust = 3.5 – 2.8 = 0.7g
Therefore, %Rust = 0.7 x 100 = 20%
3.5
(iii) No of moles of CuSO4 = No of moles of Cu = 0.05mol
Therefore, concentration of CuSO4 = moles
volume
= 0.05
50
1000 = 1mol/dm3
A5 (a) Period 4
(b) (i) 6 electrons (ii) 45 neutrons
(c) Non – metal; because it has more than four (4) electrons in the outermost shell.
(d) CaSe
A6 (a) (i) Test tube 2 (ii) test tube 2/4
(iii) test tube1/test tube 3 (iv) test tube 2/ test tube 4
(b) Test tube 2 : Zn + 2AgNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Test tube 4 : Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag

42
A7 (a) (i) They are used as fuels/ they are used as sources of energy. (ii) Fuels
(b) (i) moles of the compound = 11.6 = 0.2 moles
58
(ii) 58g 2880KJ
11.6g x
Therefore, X = 11.6 x 2880 = 57KJ
58
(iii) Because it produces carbon monoxide which is a poisonous gas.
A8 (a) Green to yellow/orange
(b) (i) Cl2 ; Because electrons are added to it.
(ii) Cl2 ; because it removes electrons from iron (ii) chloride
(c) 2Fe2+ + Cl2 2Fe3+ + 2Cl-

SECTION B [45 marks]

B9 (a) Neutralisation : H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l)

(b) A weak acid is one which ionizes partially when dissolved in water e.g Ethanoic acid is a
weak acid.
A strong acid is one which ionizes completely in water e.g sulphuric acid.
(c) (i) Ba2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) BaSO4(s)
(ii) - Filter the reaction mixture to trap barium sulphate on filter paper
- Wash the precipitate with distilled water.
- Dry the precipitate
(iii) Precipitation/ double decomposition
(d) (i) An oxide which reacts with an acid or base to form salt and water.
(ii) salt and water (iii) SiO2
B10 (a) (i) Electroplating is the coating of a metal or metallic object with another metal using
electrolysis.
(ii) Electroplating improves appearance of metals/increases résistance to corrosion.
(b) Electrode X: Silver
Y: Aqueous silver nitrate
(c) Anode Cathode
Ag(s) +
Ag (aq) + e - Ag (aq) + e-
+ Ag(s)
(d) Q = I x t 96 500C 108g
= 5A x 8 x 60 2400C X
= 2 400C X = 2400C x 108g = 2.69g
96500C
(e) The size of the anode reduces
(f) Electrode X: copper
Electrolyte Y: Aqueous copper (ii) sulphate
(g) – Extraction of metals
- Manufacture of chemicals
- Anodizing
- Purification of metals

43
B11 (a) - It is used to manufacture fertilizers
- It is used to manufacture nitric acid
- It is used to manufacture ammonium chloride
- It is used to make detergents/polyamides
- It is used as a refrigerant
(b) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
(c) Hydrogen: from hydrocarbons
Nitrogen: from air
(d) Temperature: 400oC to 550oC
Pressure: 200 atm to 350 atm
Catalyst: Iron
(e) (i) Ca(OH)2(s) + (NH4)2SO4(s) CaSO4(s) + 2NH3(g) + 2H2O(l)
(ii) Introduce damp red litmus in the gas. The litmus turns blue.
(ii) Ammonia gas is an alkaline gas. So it will react with sulphuric acid.
B12 (a) (i) Alcohol/alkanols (ii) CnH2n + 1OH (iii) 74
(b) (i)

(ii) Temperature: 300oC – 400oC

Catalyst: Phosphoric acid
Pressure: 60atm – 70atm
(iii) 180g 92g
72t x
X = 72t X 92g
180g
= 36.8 tonnes
(c) Making methylated spirits/ making thermometers/ making perfumes/ making ethanoic
acid
(d) (i)

(ii) Ethylethanoate

44
 (iii)

(iV) Presence of concentrated sulphuric acid/ boiling the mixture/refluxing.

MARKING SCHEME
CHEMIS TRY 5070/2 FOR 2016

SECTION A
[50 MARKS]
A1 (a) (i) Because the food might be contaminated with chemicals which are harmful to human
beings.
(iii) Wear protective clothes
Do not use broken glass-ware
Do not run in the laboratory
Wear closed shoes in the laboratory etc
(b) (i) Burette
(ii) Electronic balance/ beam balance/ analytical balance
(iv) Beaker/ conical flask
A2 (a) (i) soil
(ii) Copper (ii) sulphate solution/ aqueous copper (ii) sulphate
(iii) blue
(b)(i) Copper (ii) sulphate, water
(ii) Boil the solution in the flask until all the water vaporises
- Pass the vapour through a condenser
- Collect the water in a beaker.
A3 (a)(i) N
(ii) M
(b) M2Q
(c) Ionic bond/ electrovalent bond
(d) P and Q

45
A4 (a) Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) H2(g)
(b) Mol of Zn used = mol of water produced = 1200cm3 = 0.05mol
24000cm3/mol
Mass of Zinc = 0.05mol x 65g/mol = 3.25g
(c) Mass of copper = 10.00g – 3.25g = 6.75g
% copper = 6.75g x 100% = 67.5%
10.00g
% zinc = 3.25g X 100% = 32.5%
10.00g
(d) Moles of ZnSO4 formed = moles of Zn used = 0.05mol
Expected yield of ZnSO4.6H2O = 0.05mol x 269g/mol = 13.45g

% yield = actual yield X 100%

Expected yield
= 10.76g x 100%
13.45g
= 80%
A5 (a) (i) Halogens
(ii) Group 7. Because they all have 7 valence electrons.
(iii) Iodine
(b) (i) Chlorine is more reactive than bromine
(ii) The solution changes from colourless to brown
(iii) Cl2(g) + 2Br-(aq) 2Cl-(aq) + Br2(aq)
A6 (a) Chemical to electrical energy
Exothermic
(b) (i) Any metal more reactive than zinc e.g magnesium
(ii) Any metal less reactive than iron e.g silver
(c) 2H+(aq) + 2e- H2(g)
A7 (a) A reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time or
simultaneously.
(b) oxidation # of chlorine = X + 1 = 0 X = -1
There is an increase in oxidation number of chlorine from -1 to 0.
(c) (i) KMnO4 MnCl2
Mn + 1 + (-2 X4) = 0 Mn + (-1 X 2) = 0
Mn + 1 – 8 = 0 Mn – 2 = 0
Mn = +7 Mn = +2
(d) Reduction
A8 (a) Graphite or Platinum or carbon
(b) (i) 2Cl-(aq) Cl2(g) + 2e-
(ii) 2H+(aq) + 2e- H2(g)
(c) K ions are very stable and H+ is discharged in preference.
+

(d) 2KCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) 2KOH(aq) + H2(g) + Cl2(g)

46
SECTION B [30MARKS]
B9 (a) (i) sulphuric acid
(ii) CuCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(iii) add excess copper (ii) carbonate to dilute sulphuric acid and stir
- filter to remove the unreacted copper (ii) carbonate
(b) – A blue precipitate forms which is insoluble in excess
- copper (ii) hydroxide
(c) – Add acidified barium nitrate solution to the sample
- A white precipitate forms.
B10 (a) (i) To dry the sulphur dioxide gas.
(ii) Bubble the gas through a small amount of acidified potassium dichromate (vi) (or
acidified potassium manganite (vii)). Solution turns green from orange (or colourless
from purple in case of potassium manganite (vii)).
(iii) 2H2O(l) + 2SO2(g) + O2(g) H2SO4(aq)
- makes soil acidic
- kills marine life
- corrodes the limestone on buildings
- destroys vegetation
(b) (i) Temperature: 450oC (400oC – 500oC)
Catalyst: vanadium (v) oxide
Pressure: 1.5 atm to 2.5 atm
(ii) The sulphur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid forming oleum,
H2S2O7.
The oleum is then diluted with water to make concentrated sulphuric acid of the
required concentration.
(iii) Any commercial use of sulphuric acid e.g. manufacture of fertilizers, detargents,
dyestuffs, paints, also used in metallurgy.
B11 (a)
Element Name of ore Method of extraction
Aluminium Bauxite Electrolysis
Copper Copper pyrite Chemical reaction/roasting
Zinc Zinc blende Chemical reduction

(b) (i) Aluminium (ii) Copper and Tin

(c) – Alloys are stronger than pure metals
- Alloys are resistant to corrosion/ rusting
(d) (i) salt and water
(ii) ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2O
Or Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
B12 (a) (i) Boil a mixture of ethanoic acid and 1- propanol in the presence of a few drops of
concentrated sulphuric acid catalyst (under reflux).
(ii) The ester has a sweet or fruity smell.
(b) (i) Ethane-1, 2- diol (ethylene glycol)
Hexanedioic acid
47
 (ii)

(iii) making cloth.

MARKING SCHEME
CHEMIS TRY 5070/2 FOR 2017

SECTION A
[50 MARKS]
A1 (a) The pupil must wear gloves when cleaning so that the glass pieces do not cut his hands/
the pupil must use a hard broom to sweep the glass instead of picking up the pieces of
glass using bare hands which can be cut or even burnt by the corrosive sodium hydroxide
solution.
(b) – Do not eat or drink anything in the laboratory.
- wear closed shoes
- Do not enter the laboratory in the absence of teacher
- wear protective gear, etc.
A2 (a) A: solid C: Liquid
(b) A: Particles vibrate(within fixed points) C: Particles move from one point to another
(c) Melting point = 60oC Boiling point = 120oC
(d) The temperature remains constant
A3 (a) A: Fractionating column
B: (Liebig) condenser
(b) Fraction
(c) Mixtures of miscible liquids which have different boiling points.
(d) Remove the fractionating column and connect the Liebig condenser to the distillation
flask.

48
A4 (a) (i)

(ii)

(b) – Ionic compounds have high melting/ boiling points whereas covalent compounds have
low melting/ boiling points.
- Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or liquid whereas covalent
compounds do not. Etc
A5 (a) % 0 = 100% - (40.00% + 6.67%) = 53.33%

Moles
C H O
40.00 6.67 53.33
12 1 16
3.33mol 6.67mol 3.33mol
Mole ratio
3.33 6.67 3.33
3.33 3.33 3.33
1 2 1
EF = CH2O
(b) 1mole - x
0.02mol - 3.6g
X = 1mole X 3.6g = 180g
0.02mol
n = 180 = 6
30
MF = (CH2O)6 = C6H12O6

49
A6 (a) DA2
(b) (i) Reactivity increases down the group
(ii) Reactivity decreases down the group
(c) (i) H (ii) H
(d) Halogens
A7 (a)

(b) Cathode: Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s)

Anode: Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2e-
(c) It is very good conductor of electricity
A8 (a) Ca(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3
(b) (i) Ammonia gas is alkaline, so it reacted with the acid.
(ii) calcium oxide/ quicklime
(c) Introduce damp red litmus paper in the gas. The litmus paper turns blue.
SECTION B [30 MARKS]
B9 (a) (i) Sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate
(ii) 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
(iii) Pipette the sodium hydroxide into a conical flask. Add a suitable indicator and titrate the
sodium hydroxide with sulphuric acid to determine the volume of acid needed.

Pipette another sample of alkali and add the required volume of acid without adding
the indicator. Crystalise the resulting salt solution.
(b) (i) A salt without any ionisable hydrogen atoms
(ii) Sodium hydrogensulphate NaHSO4

50
B10 (a) Graph

(b) 33s (+1s)

(c) Temperature
(c) Add some dilute hydrochloric acid to lumps of calcium carbonate. Collect the carbon
dioxide formed in a gas syringe and records the volume of the gas produced in the first
minute.
Repeat the above procedure with the same volume of dilute hydrochloric acid and the
same mass of calcium carbonate in powder form.
The volume of carbon dioxide produced in the minute is greater in the reaction of
powdered calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid than in the reaction involving the
lumps.

51
B11 (a) (i) Energy of activation
(ii) Exothermic

H is negative /energy level of reactants is higher than that of the products.

(iii) 180g 224kj

3.6g x
X = 3.6g x 224kj
180g
= 4.48kj evolved
(b) (i) H2(g) + Cl2(g) HCl(g)
(ii) Enthalpy change = Energy used in bond – energy produced in bond
Breaking formation
= (436kj + 242kj) – (2 x 431kj)
= 678kj – 862kj
= -184kj
(iii) The above reaction is exothermic whereas photosynthesis is endothermic.

52