06 ESB IM Slides Introduction & Types

BS1703:(Economics(And(
Strategy(For(Innovation
Technological+Change+&+
Types+of+Innovation
Dr.$Anu$Wadhwa
Course)outline
Imperial)College)Business)School Imperial)means)Intelligent)Business 2
Breaking)the)ice….)
Who)am)I?
Anu)Wadhwa
– Business)School,)Office))386D
– a.wadhwa@imperial.ac.uk
– Please)mention)“ESB”)in)the)subject)line
Teaching)Assistant)(Xianwei Shi)
Learning)Objectives
By)the)end)of)this)session,)you)should)be)able)to:
– discuss)the)general'outline'of)the)course)and)coursework
– describe)patterns in)the)development)of)innovation)and)technological)
change.)
– distinguish)various'types'of'innovation'and)describe)their)main)
properties
– give)various)reasons'why'large'firms'struggle'to)develop)radical)and)
disruptive)innovations
Structure)of)the)Course
Session)6)– Technological)change)and)types)of)innovation 06)Nov)2018
Session)7)– Diffusion)of)Innovation 12)Nov)2018
Session)8)– Moving)First)or)Following)Fast? 15)Nov)2018
Session)9)– Protecting)Innovation 20)Nov)2018
Session)10)– Profiting)from)Innovation 22)Nov)2018
Teaching)methods)and)readings
Textbook)&)Readings
! Schilling,)M.A.A)Strategic)Management)of)Technological)
InnovationA)McGrawFHill,)5th)ed.)(2017)
! Additional)readings
! Cases
! Lecture)Slides
Finish)all)assigned)readings)BEFORE)coming)to)class
Teaching)methods)and)readings
Not)a)traditional)lecture)based)course)– active)participation)is)important!!
Lecture)and)discussion)on)key)theoretical)frameworks
InBclass)exercises
Guest)Speaker
Case)analyses)and)discussions
1. Ford)vs)GM:)The)Evolution)of)Mass)Production)(A))(HBSB9B614010))
2. Zopa.com:)From)a)hot)idea)to)an)established)market)player?)(ES1548))
Finish)all)assigned)readings)BEFORE)coming)to)class
Timeline
InGClass Case&1:&Ford&vs&GM Case&2 Guest&Speaker InGClass&

Exercise + Zopa.com Excercise
InGClass&Exercise
6 7 8 9 10
• Tech&Change • Diffusion&of& • Moving&first& • Protecting& • Profiting&from&

• Types&of& innovation or&following& Innovation Innovation
Innovation fast?
Submit
Group&
Simulation
Assessment
Coursework) Final)Exam)
(15%) (35%)
Your)Mark
Coursework
In)theory)there)is)no)difference)
between)theory)and)practice.)
In)practice)there)is.
Assessment:)Group)Coursework)(15%)of)final)mark)
Simulation)Game:)Back)Bay)Battery
– To)prepare)for)group)play,)you)can)play)the)simulation)game)once)on)
your)own)– you)can)go)up)to)TWO)runs
– Play)once)together)with)your)group)– make)sure)you)take)notes)of)the)
decisions)you)made
– You)can)start)playing)from)session)6.)We)will)debrief)in)session)10
Submit)writeMup)of)your)thinking)while)playing)the)group)simulation
– Answer)4)questions)in)essay)or)Q&A)format
– TWO$pages)of)text)(12)pt.)Times)Roman)font,)single)spaced,)margins)
no)less)than)1)inch)
– Optional)1)page)of)exhibits
Assessment:)Final)Exam)(35%)of)final)mark)
Ground)Rules
Timing
Course)feedback
No)phones,)no)devices)that)distract)you
You)can)view)PDF)documents)on)your)devices)but)if)you)are)doing)anything)more,)I)
would)ask)out)of)courtesy)for)your)peers)that)you)take)do)it)outside)the)class)or)
during)the)break
Course)Overview
Definitions
In v io n
ent at
io n ializ
n e rc
vatio m m
no Co
In
Ra dical V
ce ss s Increm
ro ental
u ct or P
Pro d
Innovations)are)qualitatively*new*products*or*processes
that)differ)significantly)[...])from)what)existed)before.
(Jürgen)Hauschildt)
A)new)way)of)doing)things)that)is)commercialized
(Michael)Porter)
The)what s*possible*meets)the)what s*needed

(Roy)Sandbach,)Procter)&)Gamble)
Why)is)innovation)important?
Changing)our)lives
Changing)our)lives
Reuters)Mobile)Light)(RML))
• mobile)phone)service)(market)
prices,)crop)volumes)and)weather)
forecasts)
• 75,000)subscribers
• 90%)of)farmers)believed)they)
benefited)from)this)service
• 80%)have)changed)their)behaviour
• 8%)increase)in)price)realization
Effect)on)firm)profits
Apple saw profits more than AntiEdepressant, by Eli Lilly &

double year on year during Company is one of the biggest
the fourth quarter of its 2004 fiscal selling drugs ever.
year ...
Contributed about a third to the

It's not hard to guess where the
total turnover of the company:
increased revenue E and thus
US$21 billion (1988E2001)
the profitability E came from.
Fortune’s)most)admired)companies
2016 2000
Southwest)
Airline
Innovation(changes(the(world(around(us
Innovation(is(an(important(engine(of(economic(growth
3)million)people)work)in)R&D)worldwide
OECD)countries)spend)$800)billion)per)year)on)R&D
Innovation(can(make(or(break(firm(performance
New)products)less)than)5)years)old)account)for)30%)of)profits)and)in)high)performing)firms)they)
account)for)nearly)half)of)all)sales.
Firms)that)do)not)innovate)may)perish)(e.g.)Kodak))
Innovation(strongly(tied(to(reputation(of(today’s(firms
Innovators)as)icons)– ‘global)heroes’
Innovation)is)Risky
Market'risks' uncertainty)about)demand
Competitive'risks what)will)competitors)do?
Technological'risks will)the)product)or)service)work?
Organizational'risks what)organizational)changes)are)needed?
Operational'risks can)the)product)be)made)and)the)service)
delivered?
Financial'risks' large)upfront)investments)are)required)
for)uncertain)payBoffs
Innovation)Funnel
Most%innovative%ideas%do%not%become%successful%new%products
Core)Concerns)of)the)Course
Develop)an)understanding))of)how)firms)can)transform)themselves)into)
effective)innovators.
How)can)organizations)become)more)adept)at)innovating,)at)creating)
opportunities)for)change,)capitalizing)on)them,)reacting)to)changes)in)the)
environment)and)reaping)the)benefits)from)their)innovations?
Technological)Change
Technological)change:
How)things)change!
The)printing)press)(1440)
Steam)engine)(1767)
The)Internet
Waves)of)technological)development
Information1+
Communications1
Technology
Fordist1Mass
Biotechnology
Production Computers Space/satellite
Electrical1+ Telecoms Environmental
Heavy1 Software Technologies
Engineering CIM)
Autos New)materials
Airlines Internet
Steam1Power
Consumer)durables IT)services
+1Railways PetroIchemicals
Electrical)+)
Heavy)engineering Process)plant
Early Synthetic)dyes Plastics)
Mechanization Electricity Highways
Steam)engines
Armaments
Machine)tools Aluminium
Railways
Textiles
Steamships
Waterpower
Canals
1770s 1840s 1890s 1940s 1990s ?

Cotton Coal Steel Energy Microelectronics
Pig)iron Transport (esp.)oil)
Technological+change:
Path+dependency,+paradigms+and+trajectories
Technological+Paradigms+
– Thought'structure'or'way'of'thinking'(about'a'problem)
– Paradigms'identify'the'problems'to'be'addressed,'
and'close'off'other'approaches
The+Cumulative+Nature+of+
Technological+Knowledge+
– Technologies)build)on)one)another);
Path)Dependent)Trajectories
Trajectories)Example:
Moore’s)law
Trajectories)example:
Ericsson’s)ever)lighter)phones
100kg
1974.– new. mobile weighs.'only'.9.kilos

10kg
Weight.– Log.Scale
1986.@ Hotline,.weighs.700.g
1kg
1997.– GF.788,.135.g
1956.@ Our.first.mobile.phone.was.the.
100g size.of.a.suitcase,..weighed.40.kilos. 2000.– T28a,.83.g
and.cost.as.much.as.the.car.in.which
it.was.mounted..The.network.had.100.
subscribers.and.covered.an.area.of. 2002.– T600
25@30.km. (with.Sony).60.g
1g
1950 1975 2000 2010
Weight.does.not..matter.anymore
Technology)S8Curves
• Rate)of)a)technology’s)improvement)) Follow%an%
• Rate)of)a)technology’s)diffusion to)the)market S)shaped%
curve
S"curves)in)Technological)Improvement
• Plot)technology’s)performance)against)the)amount)of)effort)and)money)
invested)in)the)technology
Technology)improves)slowly)at)
first)because)it)is)poorly)
understood.)
Then)accelerates)as)
understanding)increases.
Then)tapers)off)as)approaches)
limits.
The)S9curve)of)technology)performance
Limit+of+new+technology
Technology)performance
Limit+of+old+technology
Potential+of+ status Potential+of+

old+technology today new+technology
status
today
Time)(or)aggregate)R&D)spending)
Consequences)of)technology)change
New)techno3economic)paradigms
• Re9design)&)new)configuration)of)the)capital)stock))
• New)skill)profile)in)the)labour force
• Redistribution)of)profitable)activities)
• Winners)&)losers:)nations)and)firms)
Technological)change
Key)learning)points
Technological)change)is)typically)cumulative and)evolutionary.
Technological)development)is)not.a.smooth,.automatic.process – it)takes)
place)in)spurts)and)jumps.
In)hindsight)some)changes)can)be)identified)as)‘revolutionary’)in)nature)–
leading)to)tidal)waves)of)changes)called)‘technological)revolutions’)or)new)
‘techno3economic.paradigms’
Technological)change)has)major)implications for)the)competitiveness of)

firms.
Why)many)firms)struggle)to)innovate
Disruptive)Innovation
The)innovator’s)dilemma
The$Thesis:)“Well<managed)companies)often)fail)because)the)very)
management)practices)that)have)allowed)them)to)become)industry)leaders)
also)make)it)extremely)difficult)for)them)to)develop)the)disruptive)
technologies)that)ultimately)steal)away)their)markets.”)
“The)highest)performing)companies….Have)well)developed)systems)for)
killing)ideas)that)their)customers)don’t)want.)As)a)result,)these)companies)
find)it)very)difficult)to)invest)adequate)resources)in)disruptive)technologies)–
lower)margin)opportunities)their)customers)don’t)want,)until)[those)same)
customers)decided)that])they)want)them.)And)by)then)it)is)too)late.”
(Christensen,)1997,)p.)265)
The$Dilemma:)The)logical,)competent)decisions)of)management)that)are)
critical)to)the)success)of)their)companies)are)also)the)reasons)why)they)lose)
their)positions)of)leadership
Definitions
Sustaining)and)Disruptive)Innovations
Sustaining)innovations Disruptive)innovations)
• Improve)performance)of)established) • introduce)set)of)attributes)(e.g.,)
products simplicity,)convenience,)price))often)
• Meet)demands)of)mainstream) not)valued)by)mainstream)customers
customers in)major)markets – new)features)might)appeal)to)new)or)
lessGdemanding)customers)(fringe)
• Either)incremental)or)radical)
innovation)which)enable)to)sell)more) • might)perform)worse)currently)on)
product to)more)profitable)customers dimensions)valued)by)mainstream)
– make)product)perform)better)on) customers.)
dimensions)valued by) – cheaper,)simpler,)smaller,)convenient
mainstream)customers) • Fast%improvement%in%performance
…does&not&have&an&effect& …is&an&innovation&that&
on&existing&markets. disrupts&an&existing&market.
Definitions
Disruptive)Innovations
Targeting0the0low5end0customers0with)less)
performing)and)cheaper)products
– Portable)radio)(Sony):)Sound)quality)
was)not)very)good)BUT)cheaper,)
convenient,)easy)to)use
Targeting0non5consumers0currently)not) XEROX9700
served)by)existing)products
– Canon)tabletop)photocopier
– Not)very)high)resolution,)slower,)
cheaper
Performance,on,mainstream,
Mainstream,customer,needs
customer,attribute
a ti on
i n n ov i o n
n g* a t
i n i o v
u s ta i nn
S e *
i v
u pt Niche,customer,needs
i sr
D
Examples:
Smaller,hard,drives
Time Canon,photocopiers
Mini?mills
42Imperial)College)Business)School Imperial)means)Intelligent)Business 42
The$struggle$to$innovate:
The$problem$of$mental$models
History(of(Polaroid((Tripsas &(Gavetti,(2000)
– Customers)wanted)a)physical$print
– The)razor)/)blade)model)was)the)guiding)
business)model
Positioned(to(produce(a(digital(camera(in(1989,(
Polaroid(came(up(with(one(in(1996:(too(late!
Why(did(it(take(so(long?
– Top)management)emotionally)attached)to)the)
razor)/)blade)model)
– Top)management)allocated)resources)in)
products)that)were)consistent)with)their)beliefs.
For)example:
FujiFilm
“Fujifilm)is)known)as)the)world)largest)photographic)and)
imagining)company.)
We)are)ALSO)innovating)in)medicine,)highly)functional)
material)and)other)highAtech)areas”
Key)Learning)Points
• What)drives)the)success)of)incumbents,)i.e.)deliver)improving)products)to)
main%stream%customers,)can)also)explain)their)failure
• Strong)cultures)&)deeply)rooted)mental%models are)extraordinarily)
resistant)to)change
• Firms)can)become)insufficiently%adaptable%(unable)to)‘see’)and)react)to)
new)ways)of)doing)business,)new)customer)requirements)
Types)of)Innovation)
Key)Concepts)and)Definitions
Types)of)Innovation
• Product)versus)Process)Innovation
• Radical)versus)Incremental)Innovation
• Competence?enhancing)versus)Competence? destroying)Innovation
• Architectural)versus)Component)Innovation
• Sustaining)versus)Disruptive)Innovation
Definitions
Product)innovation
Product(innovations are)embodied)in)the)outputs of)an)organization)– its)

goods)or)services.
Definitions
Service)innovation
The prices and

weight of all
goods are all
clearly marked.
You just take
what you want.
Around)1900 Around)1950 Around)2000
Definitions
Process)innovation
Around)2000 Around)2010
Process'innovations are)innovations)in)the)way)an)organization)
conducts)its)business,)such)as)in)techniques)of)producing)or)marketing
goods)or)services.
Product9Process)Complementarities
Product(innovations can)enable)process(innovations
– Development)of)advanced)workstations)(PRODUCT))enabled)the)
implementation)of)computer9aided9manufacturing)processes)that)
increase)the)speed)and)efficiency)of)production)(PROCESS)
Process(innovations can)enable)product(innovations
– A)new)metallurgical)technique)(PROCESS))enabled)the)development)
of)the)bicycle)chain)which)in)turn)enabled)the)development)of)multiple9
gear)bicycles)(PRODUCT)
What)is)a)product(innovation for)one)organization)might)be)a)process(
innovation for)another
– UPS)creates)a)new)distribution)service)(product(innovation))that)
enables)its)customers)to)distribute)their)goods)more)widely)or)more)
easily)(process(innovation))
Definitions
Business)model)innovation
Business'model:)the)“way)of)doing)business” that)a)firm)has)chosen:)its)
entire)system)for)creating)and)delivery)value)to)customers)and)earning)a)
profit)from)it.
Articulates customer value proposition, identifies a market segment, and
specifies the revenue generation mechanism
Who is your customer (new market), What do you offer your customer
(new offer) and How do you do this (new ways of doing business)
Definitions
Radical)versus)incremental)(Degree)of)Novelty)
Incremental*innovation Radical*innovation
• Minor*changes*in)existing)products,) • May)require)different)sets)of)
processes)or)services>)reinforces)existing) engineering*and*scientific*
capabilities)of)firms. principles
• Very)common • Uncommon
• Cumulative – new)products)build)on)past) • Associated)with)dramatic)
products. increase*in)performance.)
• Low*risk • May)open)new*markets*and*
• Stable*design*and)consistent*interfaces potential*applications
between)components)in)the)product>) • May)create)difficulties)for)
stable*markets established)firms)and)open)up)
• Competing)for)small*shifts*in*market* opportunities*for*new*entry
share.
– Intel*has)been)able)to)earn)more)than)$200)billion)
in)operating)income)by)launching)upHgrades)of)its)
original)i386)chip)microprocessor)introduced)in)
1985!
Definitions
CompetenceFEnhancing)vs)CompetenceFDestroying)Innovation
Competency*destroying Competency*enhancing
(rendering(firms’(competences( (building(on(firms’(existing(
obsolete) knowledge(base)
Piston)to)jet)engine Jet)to)turbofan
Vinyl)records)to)compact)disks CDs)to)DVDs
Analog)radio)to)Digital)Radio LSI)to)VLSI)semiconductors
Vacuum)tubes)to)transistors Mechanical)to)electric)typewriters
Continuous)grinding)to)float)glass
Whether)an)innovation)is)competence)enhancing)or)
competence)destroying)depends)on(the(perspective(of(a(
particular(firm.(
Definitions
Architectural)vs)Component)Innovation
A)component(innovation (or)modular)innovation))entails)
changes)to)one)or)more)components)of)a)product)system)
without)significantly)affecting)the)overall)design.
– adding)gel@filled)material)to)a)bicycle)seat
An)architectural(innovation entails)changing)the)overall)
design)of)the)system)or)the)way)components)interact.
– transition)from)high@wheel)bicycle)to)safety)bicycle
– In)the)1800s,)the)front)wheel)of)a)bicycle)had)a)very)large)
circumference)in)order)to)provide)speedF))gears)did)not)exist)yet
– When)gears)and)chains)were)invented,)the)bicycle)took)on)a)whole)
new)design
Most)architectural)innovations)require)changes)in)the)
underlying)components)also
Types)of)Innovations
In;Class)Exercise
Technology)Innovation)Awards
InCclass)Exercise
WSJ,)Technology)Report
http://online.wsj.com/public/page/technologyCinnovationCawardsC
10162012.html
37)awards)in)18)categories,)(536)applications)from)more)than)24)countries)
– Gold)Award:)A)simpler)way)to)connect)the)physical)with)the)virtual
– Silver)Award:)An)alternative)to)disk)storage
– Bronze)Award:)Less)Painful)biopsies
Technology)Innovation)Awards
InAclass)Exercise
Read)the)descriptions)of)the)three)technologies)that)won)the)competition
Discuss)for)2A3)minutes)in)your)small)groups:)“What)kind)of)innovation)is)it?”
Categorize)all)three)technologies)into)one)or)more)types)of)innovation)that)
you)read)about)in)the)Schilling)book.)You)may)use)more)than)one)type)of)
innovation.
– Product/Process
– Radical/Incremental
– Competence)enhancing/Competence)destroying
– Architectural/Component
– Go)to)www.menti.com with)code)35)28)60 and)answer)the)questions.
Printechnologics GmbH1(Category:1Wireless)
A)simpler)way)to)connect)the)physical)with)the)virtual
Problem:) The)biggest)obstacle)to)greater)adoption)by)companies)of)the)solid<state)
storage,)which)stores)data)electronically)instead)of)on)disks)is)its)high)cost.)
Company/Technology: Printechnologics offers)Touchcode which)enables)publishers,)consumer<
product)companies,)event)promoters)etc.)to)include)invisible)codes)on)
printed)items)that)can)be)read)instantly)on)any)device)with)a)touch)screen.)
The)codes)can)link)to)videos,)games,)recipes)or)any)other)online)featureC)a)
concert)ticket)printed)with)Touchcode could)take)you)to)a)clip)of)the)
performer)singing.)
Advantage: Cheaper
– than)RFID)or)QR)codes
Simple
– user)only)needs)to)place)the)printed)item)on)the)screen)of)a)tablet)or)
smartphone)and)the)invisible)code)immediately)connects)to)the)online)
content.)
Secure
– the)black<and<white)patterns)of)a)QR)code)are)easy)to)reproduce)by)
photocopying,)which)can)be)a)problem)for)codes)that)are)used)to)
make)payments)and)ID)is)usually)required)to)prevent)fraud.)Since)
Touchcodes are)invisible,)that's)not)an)issue)for)them.
– QR)codes)can)be)used)by)scammers)to)direct)you)to)websites)that)will)
plant)malicious)software)on)your)mobile)device)<< Touchcode foils)that)
kind)of)attack)because)all)the)content)that)it)links)users)to)sits)on)
Printechnologics servers,)so)users)can't)be)misdirected)on)the)Web.)
Pure%Storage%(Category:%Computing%Systems)
An)alternative)to)disk)storage
Problem:) The)biggest)obstacle)to)greater)adoption)by)
companies)of)the)solid<state)storage,)which)stores)
data)electronically)instead)of)on)disks)is)its)high)cost.)
Company/Technology: Pure)Storage)offers)a)data<storage)system)that)uses)
flash)memory)instead)of)disk)drives)to)hold)
information)in)corporate)data)centers.)The)Mountain)
View,)Calif.,)company)did)this)by)using)lower<cost)
flash)memory)chips,)combined)with)its)own)software)
that)both)improves)the)performance)of)the)chips)and)
squeezes)in)more)data.)
Advantage: Pure’s FlashArray storage)systems)can)sell)for)

roughly)the)same)as)comparable)disk)storage,)while)
delivering)10)times)faster)speeds,)taking)up)one<
tenth)the)space)and)using)one<tenth)the)energy.
Vidacare (Category:/Medical/Devices)
Less)painful)biopsies
Problem:) For)many)cancer)patients,)the)pain)of)a)boneDmarrow)
biopsy)can)add)to)the)anguish)of)the)diagnosis)and)
treatment.)
Company/Technology: Vidacare Corp.)aims)to)ease)that)pain)with)the)OnControl

Bone)Marrow)System)which)allows)doctors)to)more)
quickly)and)precisely)take)samples)from)inside)the)bone.)
The)OnControl device)bores)like)a)household)drill)into)the)
soDcalled)intraosseous)space)inside)the)bone.)When)the)
device)reaches)the)correct)point)in)the)bone)for)the)
sample,)changes)in)resistance)and)how)the)motor)
sounds)offer)cues)for)the)doctors.)
Faster)process,)with)less)pain
Advantage: Quality)of)samples)raises)the)likelihood)that)just)one)
puncture)will)be)needed.
Effect)of)Innovation
InDClass)Exercise
When)both)product)and)process)innovations)are)considered,)industries)show)
constant)innovation
Innovations)can)be)characterized)by)their)effect)on)
• Technology)trajectory)D the)path)a)technology)follows)through)time
– rate)at)which)the)technology’s)performance)improves
– rate)of)technology)adoption)in)the)market
• System)design)
• Target)markets
• Capabilities
Types)of)Innovation
…then#the#innovation#is…
In;class)Exercise
Is#LOW Incremental
Current)))))))))
If#the#effect#of#the innovation#on…
Technology)Trajectory Is#HIG
H Radical
Is#LOW Modular
Current))))))))))))))
System)Design Is#HIG
H Architectural
Is#LOW Sustaining
Current)))))))))))))
Markets Is#HIG
H Disruptive
I s#LOW Competence)Enhancing
Current))))))))))))))))))))
Firm)/)Industry) Competence)
Capabilities Is#HIG
H Destroying
Key)Learning)Points
Many%types%of%innovation
– Product,)process,)service,)radical,)incremental,)destructive
– Strong)complementarities)among)them
– Some)of)them)create)opportunities)for)entry
For)Session)7)(Diffusion)
Read)&)Prepare
• Case:)“Ford&vs&GM:&The&Evolution&of&Mass&Production”
– Question)to)prepare:)What)do)you)think)were)the)most)important)contributions)to)the)
successful)development)of)Ford’s)production)system?
– Video)showing)old)assembly)lines:)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxjZ2VT9lFU
• Read)the)following)press)releases)and)think)about)two)questions:)(a))Which)product)is)most)
likely)to)succeed?)(b))Which)product)is)most)likely)to)fail)in)the)market?
– The)best)thing)since)sliced)bread)
(http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2001/10/29/312417/index.htm)
– Reinventing)the)guess)what?)(https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2008/0310/060.html#12e1b97e7cd2)
• Schilling)Textbook:)Chapter)4)(at)own)pace)
Prepare)for)Simulation
– Clayton)M.)Christensena)Michael)E.)Raynora)Rory)McDonald)“What)is)disruptive)
innovation?”)Harvard)Business)Review,)December)2015
– Handout)on)how)to)run)the)simulation
– Finish)individual)runs)before)12)November

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BS1703:(Economics(And(

Session)6)– Technological)change)and)types)of)innovation 06)Nov)2018

Session)7)– Diffusion)of)Innovation 12)Nov)2018

Session)8)– Moving)First)or)Following)Fast? 15)Nov)2018

Session)9)– Protecting)Innovation 20)Nov)2018

Session)10)– Profiting)from)Innovation 22)Nov)2018

InGClass Case&1:&Ford&vs&GM Case&2 Guest&Speaker InGClass&

• Tech&Change • Diffusion&of& • Moving&first& • Protecting& • Profiting&from&

The)what s*possible*meets)the)what s*needed

Apple saw profits more than AntiEdepressant, by Eli Lilly &

Contributed about a third to the

1770s 1840s 1890s 1940s 1990s ?

1974.– new. mobile weighs.'only'.9.kilos

Potential+of+ status Potential+of+

Technological)change)has)major)implications for)the)competitiveness of)

Product(innovations are)embodied)in)the)outputs of)an)organization)– its)

The prices and

Around)1900 Around)1950 Around)2000

– Go)to)www.menti.com with)code)35)28)60 and)answer)the)questions.

Advantage: Pure’s FlashArray storage)systems)can)sell)for)

Company/Technology: Vidacare Corp.)aims)to)ease)that)pain)with)the)OnControl

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06 ESB IM Slides Introduction & Types

06 ESB IM Slides Introduction & Types

06 ESB IM Slides Introduction & Types

The)what spossiblemeets)the)what s*needed