1-14-2021

12.30-1.30 PM

Magnetostatics
by
Rajendra Singh
rsingh1_2@yahoo.com
 The Divergence and Curl of B
The magnetic field for general case of a volume current by Biot-Savart law:

This gives the magnetic field at a point r = (x, y, z) in terms of an integral over the current
distribution J(x' , y', Z'). As shown in fig.,

The integration is over the primed coordinates; the divergence and the curl are to be taken with respect to the
unprimed coordinates.
Applying the divergence to B,
 (Geometrically)

Now,

Using the product rule,

J does not depend on x, y, z so the term involving derivatives

of J are dropped
And

Where δ is Dirac delta function, and the value is obtained after changing the
divergence into surface integral form and using spherical co-ordinate system.
In fact is a diverging function whose solution requires approximation by δ as the
function has zero value everywhere except near origin where it surges to infinity.
Thus

This derivation is not restricted to straight-line current only and this is called Ampere's Law

It can be converted to integral form by the usual device of applying one of the
fundamental theorems-in this case Stokes' theorem:

But,

So
 Comparison of Magnetostatics and Electrostatics

the boundary condition E ͢ 0 far from all charges, Maxwell's

Again, together with the boundary condition B ͢ 0 far from all
equations determine the field, if the source charge
currents, Maxwell's equations determine the magnetic field:
density p is given
Maxwell's equations and the force law is written as:

Electric field lines originate on positive charges and terminate

on negative ones; magnetic field lines do not begin or end
anywhere-to do so would require a nonzero divergence. They
either form closed loops or extend out to infinity.
To put it another way, there are no point sources for B, as there
are for E; there exists no magnetic analog to electric charge.
This is the physical content of the statement .B = O.
Electric forces are enormously larger than magnetic ones.
both in the production of a magnetic field
(Biot-Savart) and in its detection (Lorentz) it
is the current (charge times velocity) that
enters, and we can compensate for a smallish
velocity by pouring huge quantities
of charge down the wire.