1-2-2021

10.30-11.30 AM

Electrodynamics
by
Rajendra Singh
rsingh1_2@yahoo.com
 The electromotive force is the
measure of energy that it gives
to each coulomb of charge,
whereas the potential
difference is the amount of
energy used by the one
coulomb of charge.
ε
The electromotive force
transfers the energy in the
whole of the circuit. The
potential difference is the
measure of energy between any
two points on the circuit.
ε
In practice, the current is the same all the way
around the loop, at any given moment; why is this the
case, when the only obvious driving force is inside the
battery?

Off hand, you might expect this to produce a large current

in the battery and none at all in the lamp.

Who's doing the pushing in the rest of the circuit,

and how does it happen that this push is exactly right to
produce the same current in each
segment?

What's more, given that the charges in a typical wire

move (literally) at a snail's pace, why doesn't it take half
an hour for the news to reach the light bulb?
How do all the charges know to start moving at the same
instant?
 Motional emf
The most common source of the emfs: the generator
Shaded region: uniform B-field pointing into the page.
R: we are trying to drive current through.

ab is moving with cost velocity v so the free electrons in ab will

experience a downward force

FB = q(v x B) as E= v x B

The free electron will move downward under this force but
the deficiency of –ve charge will create +ve charge above
There will be a built up of + and – charges at ends . This will
create an electrostatic field E and the electron will face ann B
upward (Fe) force. This will continue till a balance is reached. v
F
Fe = q E
Therefore

E = - dv/dl or ʃ dv = ʃ E dl
When the magnetic field is constant in time, there
is no induced electric field.
Or Net Pot diff Δv= emf = ε = ʃ (v xB) dl =Blv
Moving of conductor is the work done not by B
 ε

flux is a measurement of the total field which passes through

a given area.