Adama Science and Technology University

Special School

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 Adama Science and Technology University
Special School

Answer the following questions.

1. What is the main advantage of ICT in education?
In modern societies, information has become a vital resource. Information is
necessary for individuals, organizations and societies in general. All need
information to do something. So one of this is ICT( information communication
technology.)
The need for ICT
The way we learn about our environment, the way we get our daily bread, the
way in which we entertain ourselves are fast changing. One of the ways in which
we measure what stage of development a society has reached is by considering
the kind of technology the society uses. At present, a firm has to be highly
competitive to be able to survive. To compete it has to be well informed about the
potential, the facilities, and know how that is available to the other competitors.
The kind of information, the source from which it is obtained, the rate at which it
is transferred, and the technology used highly affect the degree of its
competitiveness. Having the best knowledge of information, its sources, and the
latest technology that is available to handle it has become a question of survival.
Today, there is no are of work, which is not invaded by computers and other
related technological materials. Health, Law. Security, banking, insurance,
weather forecasting, administration, education, etc. are some of the areas that
use information technology. The main reason for the use of information
technology is its ability to process data in a very short time, i.e., its capability of
carrying out from hundreds of thousands to billions of instructions in one second.

The main advantage of ICT in education

✓ Better teaching and learning methods

✓ Enhanced data and information security
✓ Minimize cost and save time
✓ Easy student management
✓ Enhanced the modes of communication
✓ Improves engagement and knowledge retention
✓ ICT can lead to many developments in education as it can make learning
more interactive and easier for both students and teachers.

2. Explain and demonstrate the terms data, information and technology.

2.1. what is Information?
We collect and use information in one way or the other in our daily life. When we
ask a passerby what time it is, we are looking for information technology (IT) class,
you are looking for spoken or written information that is important for you. If you go

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to the organization where your sister works in and asks the workers there as to
where your sister’s office is, you are looking for information that will help you in
getting your sister. So, what do you think is information? Here is a simplified
definition of the term information.

Information is the collection of meaningful facts and figures that can be used as
a base for guidance and necessarily information. To call it information, it has to
be useful and meaningful for an individual group.
2.2. What is data ?
The word data is plural form of datum. However, it has become standard practice
to treat the word data as singular rather than plural. In this textbook this practice
is followed. You would recall from, that information was defined as “ a collection
of meaningful facts and figures that can be used as basis for guidance and
decision making”. These facts called data. More specifically, data is a collection
of raw facts that represent features, or details about people, objects, Places,
ideas or events.

Data can represent small items-so small that individual items have no meaning
on their own. For example, black hair, 20km, etc. are representations of data and
are known as data items or data elements.

We must process and organize data in some way to produce information. Hence,
information is a processed and organized data.
In short, data is the raw material for information.
2.3 What is Technology ?
You might have heard about the term technology used in daily conservations
such as: water technology, agricultural technology, technologically backward,
Technological development, Modern technology , etc. Now a days, the term is
used quite frequently at work places, in schools, and entertainment areas.

Of course, their is no time in history in which technology had no influence on the

way people do their work, at present we are becoming more and more aware of
the influence it has on how we do things. It is, therefore, important to understand
what is meant by technology and how it is related to science.

Technology refers to all means of people used their invention and discoveries to
satisfy their needs and desires. For example industrial technology began with the
development of steam power driven machines, the growth of factories and the
mass production of goods, which in turn has resulted in increased production,
with reduced, easier, and safer labor. Although science and technology are

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complementary, they are not the same. Science attempts to explain how and why
things happen. Technology is concerned with making things happen. These two
supplement each other in their developments. Even if technology has a very wide
spectrum.

3. Add the following binary number (indicate the step):

a) 101101 + 1100101
b) 11010101 + 10101011
✓ The first step is to recall the rules for binary addition. The rules for binary addition
are a bit different than for decimal addition, which is the addition we're familiar
with. Binary addition only has three rules:
i. 0+0=0
ii. 0 + 1 = 1 or 1 + 0 = 1
iii. 1 + 1 = 10 , and carry 1 to the next binary numbers.

Answer

a) +101101 Adding the binary system starting from the right side…
1100101 If we get 10, we carry 1 to the next left binary number
10010010

Decimal value:

45 + 101
= 146

b) +11010101 Adding the binary system starting from the right side…
10101011 If we get 10, we carry 1 to the next left binary number
110000000

Decimal value:

213 + 171
= 384

4. What is neural networks in artificial intelligence? Briefly discuss your

answer with example.

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A neural network is a network or circuit of neurons, or in a modern sense, an

artificial neural network, composed of artificial neurons or nodes. Thus a neural
network is either a biological neural network, made up of biological neurons, or
an artificial neural network, for solving artificial intelligence (AI) problems.

Neural networks, also known as artificial neural networks (ANNs) or simulated

neural networks (SNNs), are a subset of machine learning and are at the heart of
deep learning algorithms. Their name and structure are inspired by the human
brain, mimicking the way that biological neurons signal to one another.

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are comprised of a node layers, containing an

input layer, one or more hidden layers, and an output layer. Each node, or
artificial neuron, connects to another and has an associated weight and
threshold. If the output of any individual node is above the specified threshold
value, that node is activated, sending data to the next layer of the network.
Otherwise, no data is passed along to the next layer of the network.

Neural networks rely on training data to learn and improve their accuracy over
time. However, once these learning algorithms are fine-tuned for accuracy, they
are powerful tools in computer science and artificial intelligence, allowing us to
classify and cluster data at a high velocity. Tasks in speech recognition or image
recognition can take minutes versus hours when compared to the manual
identification by human experts. One of the most well-known neural networks is
Google’s search algorithm.

Example: Handwriting and facial recognition using neural networks work by

making a series of binary decisions. This is because any image can be broken
down into its smallest object, the pixel. In the case of handwriting, each pixel is
either black (1) or white (meaning empty, or 0).

5. In the octal number system you never see number eight & nine, why? State
your answer.

Number 8 and 9 are not found in any of the numbers in the octal system. The
base of the octal number system or radix is 8. This is because the total number
of digits in the number system is 8.

6. Multiply the following binary number (indicate the step):

Number 101101 in the decimal system
1011012 = 4510

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Number 101 in the decimal system

1012 = 510

Their product of 101101*101

45 * 5 = 225

Result in binary form

22510 = 111000012
7. Why we use a computer coding system?

To represent numeric, alphabetic, and special characters in a computer's internal

storage and on magnetic media, we must use some sort of coding system.
Coding is used for communicating with computers. People use coding to give
computers and other machines instructions on what actions to perform. Further,
we use it to program the websites, apps, and other technologies we interact with
every day.
8. Convert 123.687510 to ()2 (indicate the step):

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9. How we are representing a data into the computer?

Computers use binary the digits 0 and 1 to store data. A binary digit, or bit, is the
smallest unit of data in computing. It is represented by a 0 or a 1.