21-12-2020

10.30-11.30 AM

Electrodynamics
by
Rajendra Singh
rsingh1_2@yahoo.com
Electrostatics contd……

Re-Cap
In the previous lecture we covered:
• Coulomb’s Law
• E fields, lines and Flux
• Gauss’s law and its applications
• Some examples and case of spherical symmetry
• Electric potential with a simple example
• Poisson's and Laplace's Equations
• Potential and Boundary Conditions
• Work & Energy
Conductors
Properties

(i) E =0 inside a conductor

(ii) p = 0 inside a conductor
(iii) Any net charge resides on the surface
(iv) A conductor is an equi-potential
(v) E is perpendicular to the surface, just outside a conductor

Induced Charges
Since E is proportional to Q, so also is V. The constant of proportionality is called
the capacitance of the arrangement.

Example:
Capacitors

Since E is proportional to Q, so also is V. The constant of proportionality is called

the capacitance of the arrangement.

Example:
Coulomb's law, using symmetry and
using Gauss's law

Poisson’s Eqn

For no charge, Laplace's eqn

in One Dimension

Uniqueness, averaging and maxima-minima issues

Laplace's equation is a kind of averaging instruction

In two dimension

This partial differential has no general sln.

Laplace's Equation in Three
Dimensions

But this is precisely the potential due to q at the center of the sphere By the
superposition principle, the same goes for any collection of charges outside the
sphere: their average potential over the sphere is equal to the net potential they
produce at the center.
Image Problem
Suppose a point charge q is held a distance d above an infinite grounded conducting plane

This new problem consists of two point charges, +q at (0, 0, d) and -q at(0,0, -d),
and no conducting plane
Induced Surface Charge

the surface charge σ induced on the conductor

Evidently the total charge induced on the plane is -q,

as you can perhaps convince yourself it had to be