DCN

Data Communication Network

provides communication channels for the NEs that are

managed in a centralized manner to manage and

maintain the NEs remotely.

1
 DCN Classify
1. Internal DCN : DCN between NEs
2. External DCN : DCN between the U2000 and NEs

2
 Internal DCN
OSC Communication
• Occupies private working wavelength (1510 nm is preferred) to transmit the
supervisory information.

• Ensure that the ultra-long transmission can be achieved without the signal
amplification.

• Adopts the CMI line encoding. The sensitivity of the receive side is greater than
-48 dBm.

• The OSC unit encapsulates the supervisory information of the SCC into the
frame structure specified by the G.703 protocol and then transmits the
information.
3
 Internal DCN

4
 Internal DCN
ESC Communication
• Transfers the supervisory information through the interconnection of the OTU
boards so that the supervisory unit is not required.

• Transfers the supervisory information together with the primary service signals.

• Transfers the supervisory information without occupying wavelength resource.

• The ESC supports transferring OAM information by using the overhead bytes
DCC in the following service frame structures:

1. SDH frame structure DCC

2. G.709 frame structure GCC

5
 Internal & External DCN
Comparison Between OSC and ESC

6
 Internal & External DCN

Implementation Principle

7
 Huawei DCN Solution

1. HWECC Solution

The HWECC protocol stack is a proprietary protocol stack of

Huawei.

 It is the most applicable and advanced ECC communication

solution for Huawei transmission equipment.

 The HWECC protocol stack identifies NEs by IDs and creates

routes automatically, which is easy to use.

8
 Huawei DCN Solution

HWECC Protocol

9
 Huawei DCN Solution

HWECC Protocol
 Physical layer:
1. Receives and sends data over the physical channels.
2. Receives the data frames transferred from the upper layer and sends
them to physical channels.

3. The channels at the physical layer include DCC channels

and extended ECC channels.
4. The physical layer can process the data frame with a
maximum of 1024 bytes.
10
 Huawei DCN Solution

HWECC Protocol
 Media access layer:

1. The media access layer is also called the medium access

control (MAC) layer.

2. Establishes and maintains the MAC connection between

adjacent NEs
• When there is a reachable physical channel between two adjacent NEs, the MAC
layer establishes a MAC connection between the NEs. Each MAC connection
includes the address of the opposite NE, the ID of the physical channel, the
connection timer, and other information. 11
 Huawei DCN Solution

HWECC Protocol
 Media access layer:
3. Provides the data communication service
• The MAC layer receives the data frame transferred from the physical layer. If the
destination address is the local station, the MAC layer transfers the data frame to
the network layer. Otherwise, the MAC layer discards the data frame.

• The MAC layer sends the data frame from the network layer. If the destination
address of the data frame has a MAC connection, the MAC layer sends the data
frame to the corresponding physical channel in the physical layer through the
MAC connection. Otherwise, the MAC layer discards the data frame.
12
 Huawei DCN Solution

HWECC Protocol
 Network layer:
1. Establishes and maintains ECC routes
• The HWECC solution adopts the shortest path first algorithm to establish ECC
routes.
• Each route item includes the following information:
address of the destination NE, address of the transfer NE, transfer distance (the number
of passed transfer NEs), route priority (The priority value ranges from 1 to 7. The
priority of an automatically established route is 4 by default. The system always selects
the route with the highest priority.), and mode (0 represents the automatic route and 1
represents the manual route). 13
 Huawei DCN Solution

HWECC Protocol
 ECC routes

14
 Huawei DCN Solution

HWECC Protocol
 Network layer:
2. Provides the data communication service

• The network layer receives the packet transferred from the MAC layer. If the destination
address of the packet is the local station, the network layer transfers the packet to the
transport layer. Otherwise, the network layer requests the MAC layer to transfer the
packet to the transfer station according to the route item that matches the destination
address in the network layer routing table.

• The network layer sends the packet from the transport layer. The network layer requests
the MAC layer to transfer the packet to the transfer station according to the route item
that matches the destination address of the packet in the network layer routing 15
table.
 Huawei DCN Solution

HWECC Protocol
 Transport layer:

• The main function of the transport layer (L4 layer) is to provide the end-to-end

communication service for the upper layer. As the communication between the

OptiX equipment and the U2000 is controlled by the end-to-end connection-

oriented service in the application layer, the L4 layer provides only the end-to-end

connectionless communication service, that is, transparent data transfer service.

16
 Huawei DCN Solution

Extended HWECC
• The physical layer of the ECC is DCC, whose data is transmitted
based on the fiber.

• In certain cases, the network or NE may be independent and there

is no DCC channel to the gateway NE (no fiber connection).

• The extended ECC refers to the ECC protocol stack that is loaded
on the TCP/IP protocol stack. That is, the HWECC protocol stack
is carried through the extended channel (such as Ethernet) instead
of the DCC channel to meet the requirements of special scenarios.
17
 Huawei DCN Solution

Extended HWECC

18
 Huawei DCN Solution
Extended HWECC
 The ECC extended mode : automatic mode or the manual mode
 Automatic Mode
1. Each NE obtains the IP addresses of other NEs that are on the same Ethernet through the
address resolution protocol (ARP).
2. The NE with the largest IP address automatically functions as the server and detects the
TCP requests from the clients.
3. Other NEs automatically function as clients and send TCP connection requests to the
server.
4. After receiving the TCP connection request from a client, the server establishes the
corresponding TCP connection.

5. The NEs use the TCP connection as a MAC connection to realize ECC communication.
19
 Huawei DCN Solution

Extended HWECC
• In the application where the extended ECC communication is required, the manually extended
ECC is recommended. Do not use the automatically extended ECC, so that the bandwidth
between NEs using extended ECC for communication is saved.

• When the number of Huawei equipment that uses the extended ECC communication exceeds
four, the manually extended ECC communication must be used.

• When configuring the manually extended ECC, configure one or more NEs as the server and
other NEs as the client. One server NE can have a maximum of seven client NEs. If the number
of client NEs managed by a server NE exceeds eight, select a client NE as the server NE for the
remaining client NEs. In this case, the client NE functions as a client and a server at the same
time. The rest may be deduced by analogy. The port numbers of the server NEs must be
different.
20
 Huawei DCN Solution
Networking
1. Networking That Involves Only Huawei Equipment
• When the network management information is transmitted between Huawei optical
network equipment, there must be a gateway NE that communicates with the U2000.
• The U2000 is connected to the gateway NE through Ethernet.

21
 Huawei DCN Solution
Networking
2. Networking That Involves Huawei Equipment and Third-Party
Equipment
• the OAM information of the third-party equipment should travel through Huawei
equipment, which provides the function to transparently transmit the DCC

22
 Huawei DCN Solution
Transferring Messages

U2000
23
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring HWECC
1. Configure IDs and IP addresses for NEs
• IP address is 129.E.A.B. The second number E is the extended ID of the NE, which does
not vary with the NE IDs. The default value is 9. The third number A and fourth number
B are the high order 8 bits and low order 8 bits of an NE ID.
2. Configure and commission OSCs/ESCs
• The configuration of the OSC includes commissioning the optical power and clock of the
optical supervisory channel board.

24
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring HWECC
 Clock Configuration
1 3

25
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring HWECC
3. Divide the network into ECC subnets
• Divide the network with more than 50 NEs into ECC subnets to avoid the network
storm. For the process of dividing a network into ECC subnets
4. Configure extended ECCs
• When the number of Huawei equipment that uses the extended ECC communication
exceeds eight, the manually extended ECC communication must be used.
5. Verifying and Testing ECC Routes
• Make sure that the number of NEs in the resident subnet of the NE does not exceed
50 and all NEs belong to the subnet.

• Then run the ping command on the NM server to check whether the DCN to all NEs
is normal.
26
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring HWECC
• Divide the network into ECC subnets

27
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring HWECC
• Divide the network into ECC subnets (Example)

28
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring HWECC
• Divide the network into ECC subnets(Example)

29
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring HWECC
• Configure extended ECCs

30
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring HWECC
• Configure extended ECCs

31
 Huawei DCN Solution
IP over DCC Solution

32
 Huawei DCN Solution
IP over DCC Solution
• supports the TCP/IP protocol without occupying additional overheads or service
resources
• IP over DCC Protocol Stack

33
 Huawei DCN Solution
IP over DCC Solution
• supports the TCP/IP protocol without occupying additional overheads or service
resources
• IP over DCC Protocol Stack
 Physical layer:
• Physical channels are classified into the following two categories:

1. DCC channel: The SDH-frame DCC bytes or the OTN-frame GCC bytes are used as
the channels for the communication between NEs.

2. Ethernet physical channel: The NE provides the Ethernet physical channel through the
Ethernet NM port or the NE cascading port.
34
 Huawei DCN Solution
IP over DCC Solution
• supports the TCP/IP protocol without occupying additional overheads or service

resources
• IP over DCC Protocol Stack
 Datalink layer:

• The main function of the data link layer is to provide reliable data transmission

on physical links.

• In the case of DCCs, the NE adopts the PPP protocol to realize the data link

layer function.
35
 Huawei DCN Solution
IP over DCC Solution
• supports the TCP/IP protocol without occupying additional overheads or service
resources
• IP over DCC Protocol Stack
 Network layer:
• The main function of the network layer is to specify the network layer address for a
network entity and to provide the transferring and addressing functions.

• The NE adopts the IP and the matching ARP and ICMP to realize the network layer
functions.
 Transport layer:
• The main function of the transport layer is to provide the end-to-end communication
service for the upper layer. The NE supports the connection-oriented TCP and the
connectionless oriented UDP. 36
 Huawei DCN Solution
IP over DCC Solution
• supports the TCP/IP protocol without occupying additional overheads or service
resources
• IP over DCC Protocol Stack
 Routing layer:
• Routing protocols belong to the scope of the application layer. The NE supports
the two routing protocols, open shortest path first (OSPF) and routing
information protocol (RIP).

• By default, the NE uses the OSPF protocol. The RIP protocol is used only when
the interconnected third-party equipment does not support the OSPF protocol.
37
 Huawei DCN Solution
IP over DCC Access Modes
1. Gateway mode
• In the gateway mode, the U2000 accesses a non-gateway NE through the gateway NE.
The gateway NE queries the core routing table of the application layer according to the
ID of the NE to be accessed to obtain the corresponding route.

38
 Huawei DCN Solution
IP over DCC Access Modes
2. direct connection mode
• In the direct connection mode, the U2000 accesses an NE as the gateway NE. All transfer
NEs on the access path query the IP routing table of the network layer according to the IP
address of the NE to be accessed to obtain the corresponding route.
• When the U2000 adopts the direct connection mode to access an NE, there must be an IP
route between the U2000 and the NE.

39
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring IP over DCC
1. Configure DCCs for NEs
• The DCC protocol type of the line port should be set to IP.

• The DCC channel type of the SDH port should be the same as that of the third-party
equipment. If the network is comprised of only the OptiX equipment, set the DCC type to
D1-D3 (default value).
2. Check the IP routes of the gateway NE
• In the normal situation, a gateway NE should have the routes to all the non-gateway NEs
that are managed by the gateway NE and the route to the U2000.
3. Add IP static routes
• the proxyARP function must be enabled on the gateway NE and a static route must be
configured on each remote NE to the U2000 40
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring IP over DCC
• Configure DCCs for NEs

41
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring IP over DCC
• Check the IP routes of the gateway NE

42
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring IP over DCC
• Add IP static routes 3

43
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring IP over DCC
• Add IP static routes

1 4

44
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring IP over DCC
• The principles for planning IP over DCC are as follows:

1. When an NE accesses the U2000 using the static routing protocol, use
different IP subnets for the gateway NE and non-gateway NEs.

2. When the U2000 is used to manage NEs, the number of non-gateway NEs
accessed through one gateway NE cannot exceed 64.

3. Plan static routes when the U2000 and the gateway NE or the NEs that need
to be directly accessed by the U2000 cannot be interconnected through the
dynamic route at the network layer.

45
 Huawei DCN Solution
OSI over DCC Solution

46
 Huawei DCN Solution
OSI over DCC Protocol Stack

U2000

47
 Huawei DCN Solution
OSI over DCC Protocol Stack
 Datalink layer:
• The main function of the data link layer is to provide reliable data transmission
on physical links.
• In the case of DCCs, the NE adopts the LAPD protocol to realize the data link
layer function.
• When using the LAPD protocol, you must set the LAPD role. In the case of the
two ends of a DCC, set the LAPD role to Network at one end and to User at
the other end.
 Network layer
• The NE adopts the ISO-defined connectionless network service (CLNS) to
realize the network layer function. The CLNS is comprised of the following
three protocols:
1. Connectionless network protocol (CLNP)
The CLNP protocol complies with ISO 8473. It has functions similar to the IP in
the TCP/IP protocol stack. In the CLNP protocol, the network service access point
(NSAP) works as the network layer address.
48
 Huawei DCN Solution
OSI over DCC Protocol Stack
 Network layer
2. IS-IS protocol
• In the CLNS, NEs are classified into intermediate systems (IS) and end systems
(ES)according to the NE role. The IS is equivalent to the router in the TCP/IP
protocol stack and the ES is equivalent to the host.
• The NE whose role is L1 cannot be a neighbor of an NE in a different area and
is involved only in the routes in its own area. It issues a default route that points
to its closest L2 NE and accesses other areas through the default route.
• The NE whose role is L2 can be a neighbor of the L2 NE in a different area and
can also be involved in the routes in the backbone area.
3. ES-IS protocol
• The ES-IS protocol is a dynamic routing protocol between the ES and the IS. It
complies with ISO 9542 and functions as the ARP and ICMP protocols in the
TCP/IP protocol stack.

49
 Huawei DCN Solution
OSI over DCC Access Modes
2. Gateway Mode
• the U2000 accesses a non-gateway NE through the gateway NE. The gateway
NE queries the core routing table of the application layer according to the ID of
the NE to be accessed to obtain the corresponding route.

U2000
50
 Huawei DCN Solution
OSI over DCC Access Modes
1. Direct Connection Mode
• the U2000 accesses an NE as the gateway NE. All transfer NEs on the access
path query the L1 routing table and L2 routing table of the network layer
according to the NSAP address of the NE to be accessed to obtain the
corresponding route.

U2000

51
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring OSI over DCC
1. Configure DCCs for NEs

• The DCC protocol type of the line port should be set to OSI.

2. Confiure node types for NEs

• You can set the node type to ES, L1-IS, or L2-IS for an NE according to the
network planning.

3. Configure communication protocols and LAPD roles for optical

interfaces

• For the two ends of a DCC, set the LAPD role to User at one end and to
Network at the other end
52
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring OSI over DCC
• Configure DCCs for NEs

2 3
53
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring OSI over DCC
• Confiure node types for NEs

3
4

54
 Huawei DCN Solution
• Configuring OSI Tunnel
• When the OSI-protocol-based third-party equipment needs to transfer information
through an IP network that consists of Huawei equipment, you can create a virtual OSI
tunnel to transparently transmit the information. 3

55
 Huawei DCN Solution
DCC Transparent Transmission
• the DCC transparent transmission solution adopts different DCCs to transmit the
NM messages of different vendors to achieve the communication between NM
messages.

56
 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring DCC Transparent Transmission
1. Configure DCCs for NEs

• The DCC protocol type of the line port should be set to HWECC (default value).

• When the third-party equipment uses bytes D1 to D3 as DCCs, set the DCC channel
type of the SDH port to D4-D12.

• When the third-party equipment uses bytes D4 to D12 as DCCs, set the DCC channel
type of the SDH port to D1-D3.

2. Set DCC transparent transmission

• Set the DCC transparent transmission bytes used by the third-party equipment for all

the NEs on the planned route. 57

 Huawei DCN Solution
Configuring DCC Transparent Transmission

4
58
 DCN
Management
flow

59
 External DCN

60
 External DCN

61
 External DCN

62
 External DCN

63
 External DCN

64
 DCN Protection
The communication between non-GNEs and the U2000 is forwarded

by the GNE. In the U2000, you can set the active GNE and standby

GNE for NEs in advance. When the communication between the

active GNE and the U2000 is interrupted, the U2000 automatically

switches to the standby GNE for communication, so that the

communication between the U2000 and NEs is not interrupted.

When the communication between the U2000

65
 DCN Protection 1

66
 DCN Protection

67