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Slaid Senario Kualiti Air Di Malaysia Dan Implikasi Kepada Kita Oleh DR Abdul Rani Abdullah
Slaid Senario Kualiti Air Di Malaysia Dan Implikasi Kepada Kita Oleh DR Abdul Rani Abdullah
Slaid Senario Kualiti Air Di Malaysia Dan Implikasi Kepada Kita Oleh DR Abdul Rani Abdullah
IKA = (0.22 x SIDO) + (0.19 x SIBOD) + (0.16 x SICOD) + (0.15 x SIAN) + (0.16 x SISS) + (0.12 x
SIpH)
**SI = Sub Index bagi setiap parameter
JULAT INDEKS IKA IKA Kelas Kegunaan Air
Sedikit
IKA Bersih Tercemar • Pemeliharaan Alam Semula Jadi
Tercemar
>92.7 Kelas I • Rawatan Air yang Sangat Minimum
81 – 100 60 – 80 0 – 59 • Spesies Hidupan Air yang Sangat Sensitif
Konsesi 2
Program
Pengawasan
Kualiti Alam
Konsesi 1
Sekitar (EQMP)
1995- Jun 2017 2017- Kini)
Pengawasan
dilaksanakan
oleh JAS
~ 1976-1994
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING
PROGRAM (EQMP)
QAQC
Internationally-recognized
standard procedures, Clearly Identified
documentation, traceability,
continuous improvement QA Elements QC Elements
elements
Calibration &
1 1st Level Automated QC
Maintenance
RANGKAIAN PENGAWASAN
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI
MONITORING REPORT
20212021
Stesen CRWQM
Stesen MRWQM
100%
90%
672 672 670
638
80%
Peratus bilangan sungai/Percentage number of river
70%
49%
50% 47%
45% 46%
42% 42%
38%
40% 36% 36% 37% 36%
34% 32% 33% 33% 32%
31% 31% 31% 32%
31% 32% 29%
30% 29% 29%
26%
24%
20%
20% 18% 17%
10%
0%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Tahun/Year
STATUS KUALITI AIR SUNGAI: TSS
River Water Quality Trend based on
SS Sub-Index (2012-2021)
STATUS KUALITI AIR SUNGAI
2021
Water Quality Status Based on WQI and Water
Quality Classification at MRWQM Network
Water Quality Status Based on SI-AN and Water
Quality Classification at MRWQM Network
Water Quality Status Based on SI-BOD and Water
Quality Classification at MRWQM Network
Water Quality Status Based on SI-TSS and Water
Quality Classification at MRWQM Network
STATUS KUALITI AIR DI MUKA SAUK
River Water Quality at Stations2021
Upstream of Water Intakes (2021)
REKOD KELAS V
Percentage of Exceedance to
Parameter > Class II Count
Class II (%)
Cyanide (CN) 0 0%
Mercury (Hg) 0 0%
➢
PENGURUSAN
RANGKAIAN PENCEMARAN
STESEN SUNGAI
AUTOMATIK:
PENGURUSAN PENCEMARAN
STATUS KUALITI AIR SUNGAI
➢ Kawasan perumahan
termasuk perkampungan
➢ Bandar
➢ Industri
➢ Pertanian
➢ Pertenakan
STATUS KUALITI AIR: 2021
WQI
2021
KETIDAKPATUHAN KEPADA KELAS II
Polluted Stations (North)
CR04P
Median WQI: 72
Percentage compliance to Class II: 31%
Contributing parameters: DO Sat, BOD, TSS, NH3N
Polluted Stations in 2021 (Central Region)
CR12W
Median WQI: 60
Percentage compliance to Class II: 12%
Contributing parameters: DO Sat, BOD,
CR08B NH3N
Median WQI: 71
Percentage compliance to Class II: 31% CR09B
Contributing parameters: DO Sat, BOD, TSS, Median WQI: 76
NH3N Percentage compliance to Class II: 56%
Contributing parameters: TSS, NH3N
CR10B
Median WQI: 69
Percentage compliance to Class II: 29%
Contributing parameters: DO Sat, BOD,
NH3N CR16M
Median WQI: 76
Percentage compliance to Class II: 54%
Contributing parameters: TSS & NH3N
CR13N
Median WQI: 76
Percentage compliance to Class II: 72%
Contributing parameters: NH3N
Polluted Stations in 2021 (South Region)
CR19J
Median WQI: 76
Percentage compliance to Class II: 58%
Contributing parameters: DO Sat, TSS
CR21J
Median WQI: 74
Percentage compliance to Class II: 58%
Contributing parameters: DO Sat, TSS, NH3N
RINGKASAN STATUS KUALITI AIR DI RANGKAIAN STESEN AUTOMATIK: 2021
➢ Julat IKA:
i) Class I-III CR05A; CR06A; CR18J; CR20J; CR22C; CR23C; CR25T; CR26D;
CR31S; CR29Q; CR30Q
ii) Class II- CR01K; CR02K; CR03K; CR14N; CR15N; CR19J; CR24T
III
ii) Class II- CR04P; CR08B; CR09B; CR10B; CR11B; CR12W; CR13N; CR16M;
IV CR17M; CR21J
➢ Ketidakpatuhan terendah kepada Kelas II:
CR04P (Sg Kulim); CR08B (Sg Langat); CR10B (Sg Labu);
CR12W (Sg Klang)
➢ Ketidakpatuhan terendah kepada Kelas II, mengikut parameter:
CR12W (DO, BOD & amoniakal-N), CR08B (amoniakal-N),
CR10B (amoniakal-N), CR16M (TSS), CR19J (DO) & CR26D (TSS)
➢ Penyumbang utama keseluruhan: amoniacal-N, TSS & BOD
➢ Kebanyakan stesen menunjukkan pematuhan kepada nitrat Kelas II
➢ Kebanyakan stesen menunjukkan ketidakpatuhan kepada hidrokarbon Kelas II
BAHAGIAN
3
➢ Masalah utama:
Penyelenggaraan yang kurang memuaskan
Kesan melimpah
PELEPASAN DARIPADA PASAR
➢ Ciri pelepasan:
➢ Berasaskan teknologi
rawatan bukan impak
kpd kualiti air badan air
➢ Std A/B > NWQS
Andaian:
Daya tampung
Daya asimilasi
➢ Sekiranya semua
punca patuh, adakah
sungai masih dalam
keadaan tidak
tercemar?
HAD PELEPASAN SEDIA ADA
➢ Pelbagai kategori:
Economic efficiency
Environmental sustainability
Equity
➢ Objektif:
Memastkan air bersih
Memastikan air yang mencukupi
Mengurangkan risiko banjir
Memperkukuhkan pemuliharaan alam sekitar
➢ Agensi: JPS
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY &
TRANSFORMING WATER SECTOR
TRANSFORMASI SEKTOR AIR
Fasa 1:
Mempercepatkan pelaksanaan IWRM
Fasa 2:
Membangunkan teknologi tempatan setaraf dunia
Fasa 3:
Mencapai skala ekonomi
Fasa 4:
Menubuhkan hab industri air serantau
➢ Kesedaran:
➢ Pembangunan mampan
➢ Pelepasan pencemar:
Standad
Ambien Standad
Sungai Ambien
Sungai
(NWQS)
Anjakan
paradigma
TMDL
Had
Pelepasan Had
(Berasaskan Pelepasan
(Berasaskan
kepekatan) beban)
IMPLIKASI PELAKSANAAN TMDL
59