Name of Student Nurse: Carissa Mae T.

Estrada Date: Jan 10, 2023

Level/Block/Group: 3BSN-4

LOPERAMIDE

Clinical Instructor: Mrs. Liza Jane Biason

Basuel

NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM OF

ACTION

CONTRAINDICATI

ONS

SIDE EFFECTS ADVERSE

EFFECTS

NURSING

RESPONSIBILITIES

GENERIC NAME

Loperamide acts on the

mu-opioid receptor

expressed on the

circular and

longitudinal intestinal

muscle. Receptor

binding leads to the

recruitment of G-

protein receptor

kinases and the

activation of

downstream molecular

cascades that inhibit

enteric nerve activity.

By inhibiting the

excitability of enteric

neurons, loperamide

suppresses

neurotransmitter

release, pre-synaptic

and post-synaptic

inhibition of

transmission of

excitatory and

inhibitory motor

pathways, and

secretomotor

pathways. Loperamide

Conditions in

which

constipation

should be

avoided, severe

colitis, acute

diarrhea caused
by broad-

spectrum

antibiotics

(pseudomembra

nous colitis) or

associated with

microorganisms

that penetrate

intestinal

mucosa (e.g.,

toxigenic

Escherichia coli,

Salmonella, or

Shigella). Safe

use during

pregnancy

(category B),

lactation, or in

children <2 y is

not established.

>Bloating

>Constipation

>Loss of appetite

>Nausea

>Stomach pain

>Vomiting

>Redness of the

skin
>Hives or welts,

itching, rash

>chest pain or

discomfort

>Chills

>Cough

>Decrease in

urine volume

Body as a

Whole:

Hypersensitivit

y (skin rash);

fever.

CNS:

Drowsiness,

fatigue,

dizziness, CNS

depression

(overdosage).

GI:

Abdominal

discomfort or

pain,

abdominal

distention,

bloating,

constipation,
nausea,

vomiting,

anorexia, dry

mouth; toxic

-Monitor therapeutic

effectiveness. If

improvement does not

occur within this time, it

is unlikely that symptoms

will be controlled by

further administration.

-Store at room

temperature away from

moisture and heat. Do

not allow the liquid

medicine to freeze

-Discontinue if there is no

improvement after 48 h

of therapy for acute

diarrhea.

-Monitor fluid and

electrolyte balance.

-Notify physicians

promptly if the patient

with ulcerative colitis

develops abdominal

distention or other GI

symptoms (possible
signs of potentially fatal

Loperamide

BRAND NAME

-Diamode

-Imodium

-Imodium Multi-

symptom Relief

CLASSIFICATION

-Gastrointestinal

Agent

-Antidiarrheal

INDICATION

Acute nonspecific

diarrhea, chronic

diarrhea associated

with inflammatory

bowel disease, and to

reduce fecal volume

from ileostomies.

inhibits the release of

acetylcholine and

prostaglandins, thereby

reducing propulsive

peristalsis and

increasing intestinal

transit time.3,8

Loperamide stimulates
the intestinal

absorption of water and

electrolytes by

inhibiting calmodulin.3

Loperamide can bind to

and hyperpolarize

submucosal

secretomotor neurons,

promoting dry, hard

stools.

megacolon

(patients with

ulcerative

colitis).

toxic megacolon).

-Notify the physician if

diarrhea does not stop in

a few days or if

abdominal pain,

distension, or fever

develops.

-Record number and

consistency of stools.

-Do not take alcohol and

other CNS depressants

concomitantly unless

otherwise advised by a
physician; may enhance

drowsiness.

-Keep rooms well-

ventilated. If possible, to

promotes easier

breathing

DOSAGE &

FREQUENCY

Acute Diarrhea:

Adult: PO 4 mg

followed by 2 mg after

each unformed stool

(max: 16 mg/d)

Child: PO 2–6 y, 1

mg t.i.d.; 6–8 y, 2 mg

b.i.d.; 8–12 y, 2 mg

t.i.d.

Chronic Diarrhea:

Adult: PO 4 mg

followed by 2 mg after

each unformed stool

until diarrhea is

controlled (max: 16

mg/d)

Child: PO 0.1 mg/kg

after each unformed

stool (usually 1 mg)