Pentagonal

icositetrahedron
 Pentagonal icositetrahedron

(Click ccw or cw for rotating models.)

Type Catalan

Conway notation gC

Coxeter diagram

Face polygon
irregular pentagon

Faces 24

Edges 60

Vertices 38 = 6 + 8 + 24

Face configuration V3.3.3.3.4

Dihedral angle 136° 18' 33'

Symmetry group O, ½BC3, [4,3]+, 432

Dual polyhedron snub cube

Properties convex, face-transitive, chiral

 Net

In geometry, a pentagonal
icositetrahedron or pentagonal
icosikaitetrahedron[1] is a Catalan solid
which is the dual of the snub cube. In
crystallography it is also called a
gyroid.[2][3]
A geometric construction of the Tribonacci constant (AC), with compass and marked ruler, according to the method
described by Xerardo Neira.

3d model of a pentagonal icositetrahedron

It has two distinct forms, which are mirror

images (or "enantiomorphs") of each
other.

Construction
The pentagonal icositetrahedron can be
constructed from a snub cube without
taking the dual. Square pyramids are
added to the six square faces of the snub
cube, and triangular pyramids are added to
the eight triangular faces that do not share
an edge with a square. The pyramid
heights are adjusted to make them
coplanar with the other 24 triangular faces
of the snub cube. The result is the
pentagonal icositetrahedron.

Cartesian coordinates
Denote the tribonacci constant by
. (See snub cube
for a geometric explanation of the
tribonacci constant.) Then Cartesian
coordinates for the 38 vertices of a
pentagonal icositetrahedron centered at
the origin, are as follows:

the 12 even permutations of (±1,

±(2t+1), ±t2) with an even number of
minus signs
the 12 odd permutations of (±1, ±(2t+1),
±t2) with an odd number of minus signs
the 6 points (±t3, 0, 0), (0, ±t3, 0) and (0,
0, ±t3)
the 8 points (±t2, ±t2, ±t2)

Geometry
The pentagonal faces have four angles of

and one angle of

 .
The pentagon has three short edges of
unit length each, and two long edges of
length
. The
acute angle is between the two long
edges. The dihedral angle equals

If its dual snub cube has unit edge length,

its surface area and volume are:[4]
Orthogonal projections
The pentagonal icositetrahedron has three
symmetry positions, two centered on
vertices, and one on midedge.
Orthogonal projections

Projective
[3] [4]+ [2]
symmetry

Image

Dual
image

Variations

Isohedral variations with the same chiral

octahedral symmetry can be constructed
with pentagonal faces having 3 edge
lengths.

This variation shown can be constructed

by adding pyramids to 6 square faces and
8 triangular faces of a snub cube such that
the new triangular faces with 3 coplanar
triangles merged into identical pentagon
faces.

Net
Snub cube with augmented pyramids and Pentagonal
merged faces icositetrahedron

Related polyhedra and tilings

Spherical pentagonal icositetrahedron

This polyhedron is topologically related as
a part of sequence of polyhedra and tilings
of pentagons with face configurations
(V3.3.3.3.n). (The sequence progresses
into tilings the hyperbolic plane to any n.)
These face-transitive figures have (n32)
rotational symmetry.

n32 symmetry mutations of snub tilings: 3.3.3.3.n

v · t · e (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Snub_table&action=edit)

Symmetry Spherical Euclidean Compact hyperbolic Paraco

n32 232 332 432 532 632 732 832 ∞3

Snub
figures

Config. 3.3.3.3.2 3.3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3.4 3.3.3.3.5 3.3.3.3.6 3.3.3.3.7 3.3.3.3.8 3.3.3.

Gyro
figures

Config. V3.3.3.3.2 V3.3.3.3.3 V3.3.3.3.4 V3.3.3.3.5 V3.3.3.3.6 V3.3.3.3.7 V3.3.3.3.8 V3.3.3

The pentagonal icositetrahedron is second

in a series of dual snub polyhedra and
tilings with face configuration V3.3.4.3.n.

4n2 symmetry mutations of snub tilings: 3.3.4.3.n

[ v · t · e (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Snub4_table&action=ed

Symmetry Spherical Euclidean Compact hyperbolic Paraco

4n2 242 342 442 542 642 742 842 ∞4

Snub
figures

Config. 3.3.4.3.2 3.3.4.3.3 3.3.4.3.4 3.3.4.3.5 3.3.4.3.6 3.3.4.3.7 3.3.4.3.8 3.3.4.

Gyro
figures

Config. V3.3.4.3.2 V3.3.4.3.3 V3.3.4.3.4 V3.3.4.3.5 V3.3.4.3.6 V3.3.4.3.7 V3.3.4.3.8 V3.3.4

The pentagonal icositetrahedron is one of

a family of duals to the uniform polyhedra
related to the cube and regular
octahedron.
 Uniform octahedral polyhedra

[4,3]+ [1+,4,3] = [3,3] [3+,4]

Symmetry: [4,3], (*432)
(432) (*332) (3*2)

{4,3} t{4,3} r{4,3} t{3,4} {3,4} rr{4,3} tr{4,3} sr{4,3} h{4,3} h2{4,3} s{3,4}
r{31,1} t{31,1} {31,1} s2{3,4} {3,3} t{3,3} s{31,1}

= = =
= = = or or

Duals to uniform polyhedra

V43 V3.82 V(3.4)2 V4.62 V34 V3.43 V4.6.8 V34.4 V33 V3.62 V35

References
1. Conway, Symmetries of things, p.284
2. "Promorphology of Crystals I" (http://www.
metafysica.nl/turing/promorph_crystals.ht
ml) .
3. "Crystal Form, Zones, & Habit" (https://web.
archive.org/web/20030823194958/http://w
ww.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens211/forms_
zones_habit.htm) . Archived from the
original (http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/
eens211/forms_zones_habit.htm) on
2003-08-23.

4. Eric W. Weisstein, Pentagonal

icositetrahedron (https://mathworld.wolfra
m.com/PentagonalIcositetrahedron.html)
(Catalan solid (http://mathworld.wolfram.c
om/CatalanSolid.html) ) at MathWorld.

Williams, Robert (1979). The

Geometrical Foundation of Natural
Structure: A Source Book of Design.
Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-486-
23729-X. (Section 3-9)
Wenninger, Magnus (1983), Dual Models,
Cambridge University Press,
doi:10.1017/CBO9780511569371 (http
s://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO978051156
9371) , ISBN 978-0-521-54325-5,
MR 0730208 (https://mathscinet.ams.or
g/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0730208)
(The thirteen semiregular convex
polyhedra and their duals, Page 28,
Pentagonal icositetrahedron)
The Symmetries of Things 2008, John H.
Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-
Strauss, ISBN 978-1-56881-220-5 [1] (htt
 ps://web.archive.org/web/20100919143
320/https://akpeters.com/product.asp?
ProdCode=2205) (Chapter 21, Naming
the Archimedean and Catalan polyhedra
and tilings, page 287, pentagonal
icosikaitetrahedron)

External links
Pentagonal Icositetrahedron (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20080714211254/htt
p://polyhedra.org/poly/show/38/pentag
onal_icositetrahedron) – Interactive
Polyhedron Model
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