-e.-- - . ae.. o.. ..-..

2
A.Yakaiah, Nellikudur.
Q. I wonder if you could clari-
fy many of my doubts in
English.
Differentiate between anom-
alous & Non anomalous
Verbs
A. Anomalous verbs - their correct name is
'Anomalous finites' are:
am, is, are, was and were
have, has and had
do, does and did
shall, should, will, would, can, could, may,
might, must, need, ought, dare, and used
to.
They are also called, auxiliary or defec-
tive verbs. Except am, is, are, was, were,
have, has, do, the other verbs can't be used
independently. Negatives, however, can be
formed with them - in the contracted form -
n't'. (won't, can't shan't, etc)
Q. Finite & Non finites
A. The other kinds of verbs, called finite verbs
(not non-anomalous) can form tenses - give,
gave, given and indicate the number and
person of subjects.
e.g: I do (Ist person, singular), He does
(IIIrd person, singular), etc.
Q. Defective verb.
A. Defective verbs = auxiliary verbs = anom-
alous finites
Q. What do we call the given words in English?
a) .. ... b) .. .t
A. Sand sculpture; sand sculptor.
Q. Speaker & Narrator & Author..
A. Speaker = A person who makes a speech
on any subject/ A person who speaks ..
.....
Narrator = One who narrates (tells a story,
reports an event, etc) ....
author = writer
Q. As we know that when reporting verb is in
past tense the corresponding reported
clause/ verbs if it is in simple past tense
converted in to past perfect. Sometimes,
simple past remains as it is.
e.g.: Raju said, 'I went to movie yesterday.'
Raju said that he went to movie yesterday.
is it correct? if so
Please explain in which context simple past
is changed into past perfect
tense.
- In which context simple past
tense remains as it is.
A. 'Raju said that he went to a movie yesterday'
is not the correct reported form of Raju said,
'I went to a movie yesterday'.
The correct reported form is: Raju said that
he had gone (past perfect) to a movie the
day before. Look at
the following exam-
ple:
D.S. : Kamala said, 'I
meet (simple
present) my
friend often.'.
I.S. : Kamala said that
she met (simple past) often.
A reported verb in the simple past in direct
speech remains as it is even in the indirect
speech, only if the reporting verb (verb out-
side the quotations) is in the present/ the
future tense
D.S.: Kamala says, 'I went there yesterday'.
Here the reporting verb 'says' is in the pre-
sent tense. So the tense of the reported
verb, 'went' (simple past) remains as it is.
I.S.: Kamala says that she went out yesterday.
If the reporting verb is in the past
tense the tense of the reported verb
must be changed and the simple past
must be changed into past perfect,
whether it is an immediate past action
or distant past action. ('long past' as
you say)
e.g. : The constable said to the
inspector, 'We arrested him ten min-
utes ago' (Ten minutes ago- not distant/ long
past). Even then the I.S. is:
The constable told the inspector that they
had arrested him ten minutes before
It is not question of near/ immediate past or
distant past/ long past. If is depends on
whether the reporting verb is in the present
or the past tense.
Q. (i) I read in a book (DGP publications) that
long past actions changed from D.S to I.D.S
simple past - Past perfect tense.
e.g.: He said, 'Rama Killed Ravana'
He said that Rama had killed Ravana.
(ii) He said, 'I lived many years in England.'
He said that he lived many years in
England.
Please explain above example.
A. (i) D.S. : The teacher is saying, 'Rama killed
Ravana'.
I.S. : The teacher is saying (Reporting verb
- present tense) that Rama killed
Ravana. (Correct). Here, we don't say,
Rama had killed Ravana.
(ii) Similarly: D.S. : He says, 'I lived many
years in England'.
I.S.: He says that he lived many years in
England.
D.S.: He said, 'I lived many years' in
England.
I.S.: He said that he had lived... in England.
Q. In Non-detailed lessons many times
The sentences in the past perfect tenses
and sometimes with time references.
A. Please understand the use of the past per-
fect tense correctly. The past perfect is used
for the earlier of two past actions.
He told me that he had seen the movie.
There are two past actions here - 1) His
telling me, and 2) his seeing the movie.
Both are past actions. However, his seeing
the movie is the earlier, and his telling me
about it is the later past action. So, his see-
ing the movie - must be in the past perfect
tense.
Also look at the following:
He slowly got up from bed. He remembered
what had happened the night before. Two
strangers had entered his room about 6 in
the evening yesterday. They had hit him
hard on the head. That was all that was able
to recollected. He now looked around. His
wrist watch and rings he had kept on the
table were no longer there. He understood
that the strangers had taken them away.
Observe that his getting up slowly is a past
action. all the other events had taken place
'yesterday', that is, they are all earlier past
actions. So they are in the past perfect
tense. So the use of past perfect has no
connection with time of happening.
Banti Balo, Gandhinagar
Q. Translate the following sentences into
Telugu.
The college is named after him.
.... ... .. ...
A. To name after somebody. ... .. ....
His parents named him after his grandfa-
ther. ... .t .... .... ... .. ..
...
Nellore district is named after Potti Sri
Ramulu. .. .. .. .... ..
...
---.= ---.= 643
The college is named after him
Spoken English. ..e-.- -- .-. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
M.SURESAN
... .t .. .. ... .... . .
.... .. .t . ...... .
.... . .. . .. .. .: .. ...
... .... .:.. English ....
. practice ... .. .. .. ..
.. .: :. ...
. .. English
... ... .:
:. .. .. .:
... . ..
. .... . ..
.t . ..
... . ...
... . .. ..
.... practice is
important)
Pradeep: Hi Jagdish, how are you?
. ..
Jagdish: Fine, Pradeep. Thank you. How are
you?/ How about you?
. . Thank you. .
../ . ... ... .
.. ...
Anjana: Hi Sujee, how goes life?/ How's life?
. ..
Students .... How are your studies?/ How
about your studies?
... ..:/ ... ..:
Sujee: Fine. Thanks. How about you?/ How
are your studies?/ How about your
studies?
. ..: Thanks. . .../
... ..:
Anjana: Fine too/ Same here/ Thank you.
. ..:/ : ... Thank you.)
... . . .. ... ... . ..
...... ...
Subodh: Hi Pranav, how are you?
Pranav: Fine/
OK. .
. Can't
complain .
.../ No
regrets :..
..t...
. ...
. ..:/
Never better
...... . ... Thank you. What
about you? . ...
Subodh: Same here.
.: ... Thanks.
... .: .. . ...
Pranav: Hi Subodh, How are you and how is
every body?
. .. .... . ./
How are you getting
on? . ..:/
How are things going?
: . .. .
.. How's (How
is) life? .:. . .
..:
Subodh: Everybody/
everything is fine/ very well.
.... ... ... .. .. ...
How are/ How about your parents?/ your
brother (s) and sister (s)/ your kids .../
your parents?/ How is your wife?, etc.
. ... ... . .. . .. .
.... .... . .. ...
Susmitha: Hi Neeraja, long since We met/
ages ... since we met/ long
time, no see . ... .. ..
.. Where have you been all
these days? . ...
.... is everybody OK?
.... .
Neeraja: It's a real pleasure meeting you after
such a long time/ How nice meeting
you after all these days! How goes
life?
... ... . .. . . . .. . ...
... ... .:.. . ..:
... .... .......... . ..
... .... ... .. ...
Sritej: Hei, Who do I
see here? Srikar?
.. .. .
.. .. ..
: . .
.
What a Surprise!
... .... Hope I
am not mistaken ... . ... ..
.. . .... .t.... ....
Srikar: Make no mistake. I am Srikar
of course. Enough.
.. .... . .. ... ..
.. :. ..:.. .. . .:..
Practise . . .. .. . . .
...... .:
Who do I see here?
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
-e.-- .a . ae.. o.. ..-.. 2
A. Sudhakar
Peddamalla Reddy
Q. I have seen the following
sentence in a book. 'I will
come tomorrow'. Here will is
present. So, this is present
tense. But action will com-
plete in future. Please clarify about this exam-
ple of Time & Tense.
A. 'I will come tomorrow', will come refers to an
action that will be completed in future. 'will
come' refers to an action of the future. This
is simple.
Don't worry too much about these things. All
that we should aim at is, speaking English
correctly. Let us not worry about form and
meaning, and other final points like seman-
tics. 'Semantics is the study of the mean-
ings of words - how the meaning of a word
changes in course of time.
When you know 'will' indicates future, verbs
like will come, will go, etc., indicate only
future actions, so they are in the future.
That's all we need to know. If you are not
satisfied with this explanation, please make
express your doubt more clearly.
Joshi Malhotra, Hanamkonda
Q. Please clarify the following doubts.
1) He sang with great care ... under-
lined . ... phrase . .. ...
.:. . .: subject 'He' ..:
.. .: ..
A. Phrase = a group of words without a verb.
'With great care' is a group of words without
a verb (verb ... .. .. ..
.: phrase. Noun ..: Phrase ..
... ... ... subject ..:
.. phrase, adjective phrase ... .: .
... 'with great care', subject ..:
.... . .. Verb, sang ..:
...: .. .: adverb phrase.
The book, written ten years ago, is still in
demand.
... written 10 years ago .. ...
. is a phrase (written, verb .. past
participle ... describing the subject,
'the book'
Q. He worked with great enthusiasm ...
underlined . ... clause . .. .
.. .:. . He sang with great care
... He worked with great enthusiasm
... .. .:. ...
... verbs .:. ... under-
lined . .. verbs .: .
.. Please explain.
A. 'With great enthusiasm' is a group of words
without verb, so it is a phrase, not a clause.
group of words verb .. .:
clause . ... .:
With great care . . . with great
enthusiasm .
.. . ..
... .. phras-
es.
Q. I don't know why he
has shouted ...
underlined .
... phrase .
.. ... ..
. ... underlined words 'has' 'shout-
ed' . verbs ... .. Then why is it
said as phrase?
A. Why he has shouted - .: clause, ...
'has shouted' . verb ..: .. .:
clause . . ... .... :.
..... . .. . .. .:
'Why he has shouted' - clause has ..
verb, shouted ... verb .. 'Has shout-
ed' .. verb.
Q. The boy sat at the window. Here
the underlined part is called
'clause', though it has not any
verbs - Please explain.
A. 'at the window' is only a phrase
No good book calls it a clause, as
there is no verb there.
Suresh Singhal, Warangal
Q. Which one of the following sentences is
corect?
1. I am an Indian 2. I am Indian
A. Both 'I am an Indian' and 'I am Indian' are
correct. In 'I am an Indian', Indian is a
noun, like 'student' in 'I am a student'. In
'I am Indian' 'Indian' is an adjective, like
'tall' in 'I am tall'. 'Indian' in the sentence
'I am Indian' talks about the person's
quality of belonging to India. Look for
example at the sentence, 'This custom is
Indian'. In 'I am Indian' Indian means 'of
or belonging to India'.
Look at the sentences: 'He is a German' and
'He is German'. In 'He is a German' German
is a noun, and in the second sentence,
German is adjective.
Q. Please clarify the following doubts.
I don't know whether he is coming or not.
The above underlined group of words is
phrase or clause.
A. 'Whether he is coming or not' is a clause
because it is a group of words with the verb,
'is coming'. It is NOT a phrase.
Q. I don't know why he has not come. The
underlined group of words is phrase or
clause.
A. 'Why he has not come' is a clause too,
because it is a group of words with the verb,
'has come'.
Q. He doesn't know how to dance.The under-
lined group of words is phrase or clause.
A. He doesn't know how to dance. 'How to
dance' is only a phrase because there is no
verb in the group of words, 'How to dance'.
'To dance' is an infinitive, and an infinitive
(to go, to sing, etc to 1st Regular Doing
Word), like the '.....ing' form, and the past
participle (gone, seen, etc) are NOT verbs.
Q. I don't know whether he fought in a brave
manner or not. Is it phrase?
A. 'Whether he fought in a brave manner or not'
is a clause, because there is a verb, 'fought'
in this group. But, 'In a brave manner or not'
is only a phrase, because there is no verb,
in the group of words.
Q. If you study hard, you will succeed. Is it
clause?
A. ''If you study hard,' is a clause because it is
a group of words with the verb, 'study'.
Rekha Pallavi, Warangal.
Q. .... . ..: ..... 'of' ..t
.... ...
For example: a) The wisdom of Solomon is
great.
b) The daughter of Nehru.
A. 1) No such rule. You can either use 'of' or
apostrophe and s('s).
a) Wisdom of Solomon = Solomon's
Wisdom.
b) Daughter of Nehru = Nehru's daughter.
Q. Rivers, oceans, seas - :.. .. ... .
.. .:. ... ..
e.g.: The Krishna, the Indian (ocean), the
Bay of Bengal, the Nagarjuna Sagar
(canal).
A. 'The' must be used before names of rivers,
seas and oceans.
The Krishna (river), The Arabian sea, The
Indian Ocean, The Bay of Bengal, The
Nagarjuna sagar canal, etc.
---.= ---.= 644
Why he has shouted?
Spoken English. ..e-.- -- .-. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
M.SURESAN
u..... .. .t .:.. . .
... .. ... ...t ... ..
. ... ... ....... .. ..
... clipped sentences .. ... ...
:. .. .
Practise .. t .
. .:.. ...
... ... ..
... . .. .
.. . ...t
.. .: ....
... .. ...
....
. .. .
.. .. ./ . . . . . :...
. . ...... ... : . .. .
. ..
.. ... . . . ... . . .
.. . .. .: .:. ... :...
.. . .... . ..... ....
.. ... .. ....
Shaiz: Hi Arshad, how are you?
. ..
Arshad: Fine, how about you?
. .. .
Shaiz: Fine too, thank you. .
Arshad: How is your hostel life going?
. .:.. . ..:
Shaiz: Ok, though I can't say everything is all
right, for one thing, the food can't be
as good as home food, you know.
. ..: .... ... . .: .
. .. :. . ... ... ..
. .... ..
Arshad: I can
see
that.
Where
are you
from?
.:
... . . . : .:
Shaiz: We are from Vissannapeta. We own
some property there. Dad is a profes-
sor in a Vijayawada college.
.: :.. ... ... .
..... . :.. .. . .
...
Where do you come from?
:. .
Arshad: We belong
here/ we
are of this
place.
.:..
..
Belong = .....
. .. ..Where
are you from?/
where do you come
from?
:. ./ :... .
.... .: . ... May I know where
you are from? ....
. I am from AP/ I come from AP.
.: .... ../ .. .... .. ..
Where do you come from?
:. . . . ... . :. . . .:
../ . . ...
I am from/ I come from Nellor = .: ..
... . .. .: . ..
.. .....
Where do you come from? = :. .
Where are you coming from? = :....:
. . ...
... .. .. .....
1. Where are you/ do you come from?
:. ./ :... .
A. I am from Ongole/
AP/ Nizamabad,
etc., . .
.../ .: AP/
. . ..
.. etc)
2. Where are you
coming from?
:....:
. ...
A. (I am coming) from home/ college/ the cin-
ema, etc.
../ . .
/ . .: .
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
Where do you come from?
Where do you come from?
-e.-- .- . ae.. o.. ..-.. 2
Sneha Gayathri, Tekulagudem
Q. Please clarify the following
doubts. Spoken English
lesson :.. 'C' fol-
lows 'E'. E is followed by C
. .. .. :.. ..
doubt clarify . ..
... ... .: have/
had/ has/ would have, etc is followed by the
past participle. . . ... 'E' is fol-
lowed by 'C' .. ... The past participle is
followed by have/ has/ had/ would have, etc.
. ...t .. :......
A. E is followed by C Verb, 'is followed.' .:
'is' (be form) + followed (Past Participle).
Verb 'is followed' be form + past par-
ticiple (PP) .... ... Verb, Passive
Voice ... .: ... 'be' form + Past
Participle form ... Verb, English Verb
... six forms ... ... Have/ has/
had/ shall have, etc + Past Participle, six
forms of verbs .... . verbs
form .... . .. English Verb .
six forms ..... ... ... Be form +
PP, Have/ has/ had/ etc + PP six forms
... ... ... 4 forms: 'be' forms,
'be' form + ing form; Doing Words (come,
comes, came, go, goes, went, etc); Shall/
Should/ Will/ Would/ Can/ Could/ May/
Might/ Must/ Need/ Dare +1st Regular Doing
Word (come, go etc.)
Q. Ajay & Vijay sat on a wall (Wren & Martin
Grammar Book underline . ...
Phrase .. . Phrase . .
.... ...... . .. Sentence
Ajay & Vijay ..: ...: .. sen-
tence Predicate ..: .. 'Sat' - .
verb .. ..: :......
A. :. . . .... Ajay and Vijay sat
on a wall - sentence 'On a wall' ('sat'
... ... ... .: Verb
Group of Words ... .: . Verb
group of words Phrase ....
Predicate ... .. sentence subject
sentence .. ... subject ..:
.. sentence ..
Ajay and Vijay sat on a wall. sentence
Ajay and Vijay, subjects. 'Sat on a wall', sub-
jects ..: . :. ... .
.... .. .. .. .: 'Predicate',
... . Phrase ... ...... sat .
verb ..: ..
Q. The sun rises in the east.
. .. phrase ...
:......
A. The sun rises in the east - ...
'The sun', subject, 'rises in the east', predi-
cate. 'In the east' ... ... .:
Phrase ... .:
Q. He worked with
great care - ...
Phrases clauses
. . . . . sen-
tence . .. . . .
.. ..
:......
A. He worked with
great care - sen-
tence 'with great care', predicate ..
.: Phrase.
Phrases, Clauses . . . . . ....
:....t.:
Phrase: A Group of words without a Verb: in
the class, because of his delay, etc.
Clause: A Group of words with a verb. If he
meets her, when that happens; while
she was working, etc. . sentence
. .... ... examples .
:.... ..
Main Clause - AClause with Complete
Meaning- She can sing well.
(This is also a sentence because it is
a group of words with complete mean-
ing. That way, all sentences are claus-
es, but not all clauses are sentences)
When analysing a sentence, :.
. clauses, phrases :. . ...
sentence .... .. .. ..t
G. Rajeshwar, Bayyaram
Q. I have read in a grammar book that the fol-
lowing sentences are called phrases.
a. He has a ring made of gold.
b. She read an interesting story.
c. You wanted to buy a car.
d. He fought in a brave manner.
e. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.
f. It was a sunset of great beauty.
g. Monu, who was feeling tired, wanted to
take rest.
h. He talked with great care.
All the sentences above have subjects
and also they are saying about the subjects,
then how can we say that they are phrases
other than, clauses - Please explain. And
also all the sentences have verbs.
A. Sentences are NOT phrases.
Sentences can never be called phrases.
They are two different types of groups of
words (Please refer answer to the above
question).
All the groups of words in your letter from (a)
to (g) are SENTENCES, because each of
them is a group of words with complete
meaning.
The groups of words you have underlined in
the sentences from (a) to (d), and (h) and (g)
are all phrases, because they are all groups
of words without verbs.
'Sat on a wall' (sentence e), and 'Who was
feeling tired (sentence g), are clauses,
because they are groups of words with
verbs.
Manohar Tiwari, Namalapadu
Q. ..: .. .. ...
1) I move that Mr. Gupta be appointed chair
man
2) It is suggested that a ring road be built to
relieve the congestion
. underline . ... Active voice .:.
...... to be built or will be/ should be,
built etc. ...t .. . I move ... ...
.:.
A. 1) I move that we/ the committee/ the coun-
cil, etc. appoint Mr Gupta, Chairman
2) I/ we/ the council, etc., suggested that the
government/ the corporation/ the roads
and Buildings Dept. build a ring road.
Move, suggest, recommend, demand, ..
verbs ... should + 1st Regular Doing
word (build, appoint, select, etc) ..t
... 'should' .: .... 1st Regular
Doing Word .. ..
I suggest that you should buy a car = I sug-
gest that you buy a car - .: Active Voice.
underlined verbs . Passive Voice - should
be bought/ be bought.
He demanded that they should pay the
money at once/ pay the money at once = It
was demanded (of them) (by him) that the
money should be paid (by them)/ that the
money be paid (by them) at once.
move = ... .:.:....
Q. ..: .. .... ..:....
. ... ... ..
A. Who can end the distress/ anguish that's
troubling me?
---.= ---.= 645
He worked with great care
Spoken English. ..e-.- -- .-. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
M.SURESAN
. . . . . . . . . . .
...... .. . ... ... .:.
.. :... . .. .... ...
. ..
Pavithra: Where did
you say you're
(You are) from?
:....
:.
Pankaja: I come
from Vizag, I told
you; but I've (I
have) been here
for quite a long
time. I can almost
say that I am from Hyderabad.
.: Vizag . .. . .. .
... . .. .: ..... .
...
Pavithra: May I Know what you are?
:.. . ...
Pankaja: I teach in a high school. I've been a
teacher for seven years now. What do you do
for a job?
school teacher .. school
teacher . :.. . ...
Pavithra: Just a home maker. I've (I have) a
school-going son and an infant daughter. I've
(I have) my handsful looking after the two.
. t School . . ... ... ..
.. . . .. . . .... ... .:
.
Pankaja: What's your husband, if I may know.
: .. .. .. .. .. ......
Pavithra: Oh by all means. He is a Engineer
in Govt. service.
.....: .. ... ........
.. a) What are you? = :.. ...
b) May I know what you are? = :.. . ...
.. ...
c) What do you
do for a job?/ a
living? =
.: . . :
... ...
Where are you
working? .
.. ...
Narmada: Where do you live?
:......
Sourabha: (I live) in Jeedimetla. What about you?
.. . . ... : . ...
Narmada: Gandhi Nagar.
Sourabha: Your son doing B.Tech. He lives in
the hostel, doesn't he?
(B.Tech . : .... . ....
..
Narmada: He hasn't
yet moved into the
hostel. He will be,
soon. Right now he
is living in my
cousin's.
... hostel . .
. .. ...
. .. . cousin ... ....
-E: Cousin = .. .t.... ...
.... .t/ ... ... .../ ...
:.. .. .... ... .. cousins.
English brother/ sister, .. .t. .. :.
.. ... .... .. .... English
'shift' .. move. He moved (shifted .. to
the new house yesterday.)
1) What are you? = : ... .:./ :..
. ...(What are you doing? = :....
. . :.. ... . ... ...
.. What's (What is) your father? = :
.. .. .. .. . .:.
... ... .. ... ... 'May
I know what you are?' : ... ...
.. ... .... ...What do you
do for a job? . .. ...
2) :....../ : . .. Where do
you live?/ Where's (Where is) your home/
place?
(Where do you stay? . ... ..:
...... .... .: ... Stay =
.. ... .. ... . ...
..t.. ..... ... ..... ..
Chandana: Where do you live?
..
....
Vandana: Next
to the Post
Office in
Governorpet.
.....
. . ..
(Am living/ is living/ are living . .
... .. ... .... ....
For the present I am living with my cousin.
Soon I am moving to a house near my office.
. .. . cousin . ...
.. . Office . . . ... ....
... .: . Practise ...
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
May I know what you are?
-e.-- a- . ae.. o.. ..-.. 2
Lakshmaiah, Gollapalli
Q. In the 8
th
class Eng- Text
Book - ''If I were you, I
should stop smoking'' (Not
would) But previously you
wrote that.. ''If I were you, I
would help you''
A. 'If I were you, I should stop smoking'- In this
sentence, 'should' is correct, but not much
used in present day English. In fact, if the
subjects are 'I' and 'We' the verb is 'should +
...' in sentences with Conditional Clauses.
'Should' however, is outdated and in present
day usage 'would' is preferred.
Q. He says that he would help me. ...
Reported speech He says, ''I will help
you'' (Direct) correct ..
A. 'He says he will help me' is the correct form
of the Indirect speech for He says, 'I will
help you.' The sentence - He says that he
would help me - is wrong.
You say either, 'He say's that he will help me'
or "He said that he would help me.'
Q. If the sub Inspector was there he could or
would save the boy from the accident- (cor-
rect ..
A. If the Sub-Inspector were there, (if the Sub-
Inspector was there - wrong), he could/
would save the boy - correct
Q. There is one sentence in the 10
th
class-
English that is..
The other said, ''You are taking the
Kurzbach train, are you?''
Question Tag ''aren't you?'' ..t ..
A. The question tag for, You are taking the
Kurzbach train is 'aren't you?'
However, sometimes, when the listener
does not believe what the speaker says, the
listener, repeats the statement of the speak-
er, and adds a tag. If the statement of the
speaker is positive, the tag is also positive,
and if the statement of the speaker is nega-
tive, the tag is negative too. Look at the fol-
lowing
e.g. : A: I am the greatest teacher in the
School
B: Oh, you are the greatest teacher, are
you?
e.g. : A: I am not corrupt
B: Oh, you are not corrupt, aren't you?
Remember, this happens only when the lis-
tener doesn't believe the speaker and sar-
castic .../ .....
Suman Singhania, Gandhampalli
Q. ..: Doubts calrify .. ..
.. Grammar book .:. .:
' Intransitive verbs used as transi-
tive verbs' .... . sen-
tences Transitive . ... .:
| People laughed at him
2) He will soon run through his fortune.
3) I wish for nothing more
. . sentences . ... .. :.: pas-
sive voice .... .
A. Transitive Verb -
Verb having an
object: .../ .
.. .. / . . .
verb . . .
. . .. ..
answer . .:
transitive verb.
Answer .. ..
Intransitive verb.
e.g. : He sees movies often.
... Verb, 'sees' - . . . . .
.. . .. . .: .. 'see' tran-
sitive verb.
She runs very fast = .. . ..
. .. . .: Verb: runs - . . . . .:
.../ . ... . .: answer .
.. .. 'run' intransitive. ...
transitive verb . passive voice ....:
1) People laughed at him, ...
Verb, laughed (at). ... .
.. ... . ..
... verb, transitive.
Passive Voice: He was laughed at by
people. .
2) He will soon run through ..
. . . . his fortune. Verb-run
through = ../ .. .. ..
. his fortune = ... .. .
Passive: His fortune will be run through by
him.
.... .: passive .. .. .. English .
.t . ... ... Passive ...
... .. Passive ... ....: ..
.. .. .. ... ... ..
3) I wish for nothing more - P.V.
Nothing more is wished for by me -
.: passive . . .. ..: ..
. .. laugh at, run through, wish for,
.. verbs, simple verbs .. .: Phrasal
verbs. (Verbs followed by prepositions:
Laugh (verb), at (Prep); run (verb), through
(prep), and wish (verb) for (Prep). ...
Phrasal Verbs passive . ....
passive .. verb .. Prep ..t..
(Was laughed at, will be run through and is
wished for)
Q. 'Adverbial object or Adverbial accusative'
. :...: . Sentences ...
1. He held the post ten years ... for 10
years . ...
2. He went home
3. He swam a mile
4. The watch cost nine hundred rupees
. Sentences . .. Object .. .:
.. .: Transitive verbs . .....
A. 1. He held the post for ten years. ... 'for'
.:.. ...t ... ..
(Here, 'for ten years' is adverbial. The verb
is 'held' - transitive; the object is 'the post')
Passive: The post was held by him for ten
years.
2. He went home - In this sentence, the
verb 'went' is intransitive; so no passive.
3. He swam a mile - 'swam' - intransitive - so
no passive
4. The watch cost nine hundred rupees- cost
- intransitive, no passive.
Q. a) He committed suicide by consuming
Pesticides.
b) He committed suicide consuming pesti-
cides.
what is the difference between the above.
A. He committed suicide by consuming pesti-
cides- Correct. He committed suicide con-
suming pesticides- Wrong.
Sowmya Sahani, Namalapadu
Q. Clarity following doubts :. .. ..
... ... .:
let her know that eating mangoes within lim-
its wouldn't harm you- ... underline .
.. ..: :......
A. sentence 'would' probability ..
..... .... .:
'Eating mangoes... does not harm her' = .
. . . .:.. ....
'Eating mangoes... wouldn't harm her' = .
. . . ... .:.. ..
Q. ..: ... English . ..:....
Building .....
A. I am thinking of buying a building in this
town.
.. :.. :.. ....
.:.: . ..
A. My mother pleaded with me and brought me
here as I was eating bread.
. .. . . ..... .: .. . ...
.. . .t. .
A. Alas! she doesn't know that the Ghost is
entering and leaving her body.
---.= ---.= 646
He held the post for ten years
Spoken English. ..e-.- -- .-. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
M.SURESAN
It is good manners to express your apprecia-
tion of the help you get from others. The usual
way of doing it is to thank the person who has
helped you. Look at the following conversa-
tion
.. .. .. .: .. . ..:...
. . . . . . . . . .
. .. . .
... .. . .
Thanks . . . .
.. .. .. .t.
. . ....
thanks ....
..... .. . .:...: ..
....
a) Sravanthi: How kind of you, Akshaya!
If you hadn't lent
me your books, I
couldn't have
done so well in the
exams. Thank
you.
.. . ...
. . ... .
... . ..
. . ... . .. . . . ..
Thankyou)
Akshaya: No problem. Don't say that.
..... .. :. . .. . ..
.... .. Direct Thank you ....
How kind of you! / that's very kind of you!
. ... . . ... . .... ....
'kind' ... .. . . .... .. ...
.: Thank you ... ... :. .. No
problem/ No problem. Please don't mention.
.. ... ..
: . . ..
:... .....
.
b) Sravan: Could
you give
me a lift
up to
my
home, please? . .... ...
... :. ...
Varun: Oh! with pleasure. ...
Sravan: Thanks a lot.
Varun: That's all right .. ....
c) Pradhan: I've (have) been able to finish my
work in time. I could't
have done it without
your help.
.. ... ..
t . . .
. . ... . . t
.. .
Vooha: Oh, it's my pleasure .: .../
... .: ..
d) Sneha: Please give me your pen.
Nethra: Here you are .: .
Sneha: Thanks
Nethra: It's ok
e) Santosh: This is the road to the museum,
isn't it? ... . . .. ..
..
Vinay: Yes, it is, ..
Santosh: Thankyou
Vinay: You're (are) welcome/ It's a pleasure
f) Prasad: Thank you for the delicious dinner
... :... .. Thanks)
Sukumar: Not at all. We enjoyed having you
too. .. .... :. ....
.....
g) Bhoomika: Many happy returns of the day.
Here's your birth day gift.
: . .. ...
.....t .: . ..
Chandrika: Oh, how lovely! Thank you very
much. ... .... .. thanks)
Bhoomika: Oh, it's my pleasure/ It's OK.
.: ..../ .. ....
. . . ...
.. . . . ..
......
... ... ..
. :.. ..
a) You are wel-
come
b) It's all right
and
c) It's my plea-
sure.
You're welcome .. welcome . ..
... Practice .. ..
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
How kind of you!