TIGRAI DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (TDA) A PROJECT PROPOSAL ON
THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRY LATRINEFACILITY, ESTABLISHMENT OF
POTABLE WATER AND SUPPLY OFSCHOOL FURNITURE TO PRIMARY
SCHOOLS OF TIGRAI
 
October, 2009Mekele, Tigrai, Ethiopia

 
 2
 P r o j e c t P r o fi l e 1. Project Title:
Construction of dry latrine, establishment of potable waterpoints and supply of
school furniture to primary schools ofTigrai
 
2. Type of the Project:
 This project deals with the procurement and supply ofschool furniture,
construction of dry latrine facilities andestablishment of potable water points in
lower primaryschools of Tigrai in order to mitigate the lowerparticipation rate
and the incidence of water bornediseases within the school community
3. The Project Implementi ng Organizati on:
Name of the organization: Tigrai Development Association (TDA)Contact
person: Ambassador Tewolde Gebru, Executive Director of TDA Address: P.
O. Box: 469Telephone: 034-440-63-75/034-440-26-71Cell phone: 0914 30-01-
81/0911-20-08-17Fax: 034-440-79-77Town/City: Mekele, Tigrai, Ethiopia4.
Funding Agency:
UNICEF
 
5 .   P r o j e c t L o c a ti o n :
Region: Tigrai
 
Zone:
 
North Western, Western, Central, South
 
Eastern, Eastern andSouthern Zones of Tigrai
 
District: A total of 46 weredas
6 . B e n e fi c i a r i e s I n f o r m a ti o n :
The direct beneficiaries of one First Cycle Primary Schoolare 400 school going
children every year and the indirectbeneficiaries are rural dwellers estimated at
2,500. Therefore,there will be a total of 2900 project beneficiaries every year
inone primary school
7 . P r o j e c t   D u r a ti o n :
6 months after grants are secured
8. Total Project Cost:
Birr
335,252
 
(USD 26,820
 
(This is including the cost for one segregated toilet
for girls)
 
 3
1. Executi ve Summary
Ethiopia, in its walk to ensure Universal Primary Education, has been
expandingprimary education in the rural and urban areas throughout the
country. Theefforts made to expand primary education has significantly
improved access toprimary education which is measured in Gross Enrollment
Rate (GER), NetEnrollment Rate (NER) and Home to School Distance
(HSD).However, despite improving access the expansion of primary education
hasentailed problems that disturb the smooth functioning of the learning
andteaching environment. Majority of the primary schools constructed suffered
fromlack of internal school facilities /furniture, dry latrine pits and potable
watersupply/.In Tigrai, these problems are more acute. According to the
statistics from theTigrai Regional Bureau of Education, the total number of
governmental and nongovernmental primary schools increased from 1,049 in
2004 to 1,775 in 2008. Asa result, home to school distance ranged from 3.1 in
grade one to 5.06 to gradeeight. Whilst access to primary education has been
continuously improving fromtime to time, there exist apparent problem of
school furniture, dry latrine pits andpotable water supply placing heavy
challenges to the smooth functioning of theschool environment.The problem is
so extensive that covers most of the rural schools in Tigrai andgiven the resource
limitation of Tigrai Regional National State; it requires theinvolvement of all
development actors. In 2008, we had more than 700 temporaryshelter ‘Das’
schools and TDA conducted a very successful Telethon with thetheme
“From Das to class”
 to alleviate the problem. In this telethon, TDA wassuccessful in changing about
350 of these schools to normal buildings with theassistance of its members and
the community.However, these schools do not have furniture, water facilities
and segregatedtoilet for girls. TDA will continue to work in strong collaboration
with donors,supporters and association members at home and abroad. This
project isproposed to meet the felt needs of the primary schools of Tigrai for
schoolfurniture, dry latrine pits and potable water supply.This project deals with
the procurement and supply of school furniture,construction of dry latrine
facilities and establishment of potable water points inlower primary schools of
Tigrai in order to mitigate the lower participation rateand the incidence of water
borne diseases within the school community. Theaverage cost for these three
facilities for one primary school including the cost forsegregated toilet for girls is
Birr 335,252
 
(USD 26,820).
 The need is quiteenormous because it is the demand of more than 700 primary
schools in Tigrai.However, UNICEF is now requested to cover part of the project
cost based on itsinterest and budget.

 
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2. Special Accomplishments of Tigrai Development
A s s o c i a ti o n ( T D A ) i n E d u c a ti o n
Tigrai Development Association (TDA) is a community based civil
societyorganization registered as a legal NGO in the Ministry of Justice of the
FederalDemocratic Republic of Ethiopia in September 1998 by all the Provisions
of theCivil Code of Ethiopia Legal Notice Number 321 of 1960 with a certificate
bearingnumber of 280 that is renewed every year.Since its inception in August
1989, TDA implemented over 3,000 projects usingthe resources pooled from
different sources in the last 20 years. These projectsimproved the livelihood of a
very plenty number of poor people and thuscontributed to poverty
reduction.Majority of TDA’s commitments are in the areas of education, health
and skilltraining. However, in line with the thematic area of this proposal, the
specialaccomplishments of TDA in education sector are outlined as follows:

 Constructed and furnished 127 primary schools, and started theconstruction of
500 primary schools to convert them from temporarymakeshift to standard
school buildings using the fund generated duringthe successful TDA Telethon
event.

 Provided grant to 750 primary schools for the execution of schoolimproveme
nt/development plan

 Constructed additional classrooms in 12 secondary schools

 Rehabilitated 16 war affected primary schools

 Conducted school feeding program in 80 drought-affected schools

 Implemented Basic Education system Overhaul (BESO I) and BasicEducation
Strategic Objectives (BESO II) projects for 10 years with theassistance of USAID,
which benefited over 1,000 primary schools

 Running Community School Partnership
Program in 150 primary schools,which focuses on education, health and
sanitation

 Constructing libraries in 7 secondary schools

 Supplied equipment, chemicals and books to 14 secondary schools

 Initiated and implemented tutorial program in all junior and secondaryschools

 Established and is running one special boarding high school aroundMekele for
talented students

 Constructed and strengthened 11 public libraries

 Renovated and established Internet Cafe in 14 public libraries

 Conducted prize award programs to encourage healthy academiccompetition
among students

 Implemented functional adult literacy project among 9,000 adults
 
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
 Implemented Ambassador’s Girls’ Scholarship Program to reduce socio-
cultural impediments of girls’ and women’s success in secondaryeducation

 Currently launching a new project to support about 2,000 OVCs
with thesupport from USAID and World Learning Ethiopia.
3. Problem Statement:
 Access to primary education has been increasing from year to year. The
numberof governmental and non-governmental primary schools has increased
from1049-1775 within the five years included between 2003/04-
2007/08.Consequently, GER for grade one through grade eight has reached
106.26% forboys, 105.53% for girls and 105.9% on the average for both sexes.
Similarly,NER has grown to 93.03% for boys, 95.14 for girls and 94.07 % on the
averagefor both sexes. Home to school distance has also been reduced to a
range of 3.1km in grade one to 5.06 km in grade eight.
(TREB: 2008).
The progress achieved in improving access to primary education is
attributableprimarily to the commitment of the federal and regional
governments, and theother stakeholders involved in education sector
development initiative to achieveUniversal Primary Education (UPE); Goal 2 of
the Millennium Development Goal(MDG). Nonetheless, according to the official
statistics of Tigrai Regional Bureauof Education (2008), the governmental
primary schools operating in Tigrai aresuffering from problem of lack of internal
school facilities /furniture, toilet facilitiesand potable water supply/.In 2008,
there were more than 700 temporary shelter ‘Das’ schools in Tigrai andTDA
conducted a very successful Telethon with the theme
“From Das to class”
 to alleviate the problem. In this telethon, TDA was successful in changing
about350 of these schools to normal buildings with the assistance of its
members andthe community. Out of the total number of governmental schools,
48% arewithout proper furniture, 88% of them lack dry latrine facilities and 78%
of themlack potable water facility.The effect of these problems is creating school
environment which is notcomfortable to school age children. The absence of
potable water facilities isexposing school children to waterborne diseases.
Generally, waterbornediseases such as typhoid, cholera, and a wide array of fatal
diarrheal ill-nessesare responsible for the deaths of young children in areas
where there is lowaccess to potable water and toilet facility. Most of these
diseases and resultingdeaths would be quickly eliminated with safe water
supplies and dry latrinefacilitiesThe absence of school furniture, dry latrine
facilities and potable water facilitiesreduces the participation of school age
children of both sexes, forces students todropout from their education and
makes it difficult for children to effectively grasp
 
 6their lessons and thus increases student repetition and dropout rates. It is
alsoimportant to note that these problems affect the girls more than the boys.
4. Project Objecti ves
 A.
General (overall) Objecti ve
:
 The overall objective of the project is tocontribute towards alleviating the
problems of primary schools and improvethe access, equity and quality of
education in Tigrai.B.
S p e c i fi c O b j e c ti v e s
: The specific objective of the project is to createattractive learning environment
that stimulates increased participation ofstudents at school level; reduce
repetition and dropout rate by 2 and 3percent at school level respectively every
year.
5. Project Strategies
The project will follow the following strategies.- Use formal biding system to
select the least cost bidder forprocurement of the school furniture, construction
of dry latrinefacilities and establishment of potable water facilities based
onTDA’s working
manuals- Use TDA’s engineers to secure quality and timely implementation- 
Work in collaboration with the regional and respective educationaloffices at
wereda level to monitor the progress of projectimplementation (to see that they
fulfill the standards andspecifications of the Regional Education Bureau.- Involve
the community at all levels to secure sustainability of theservices
6 . B e n e fi c i a r i e s o f   t h e P r o j e c t
 As per the standards of the Tigrai Regional Educational Bureau a First C
yclePrimary School (1-4) is supposed to provide learning opportunities to 400
school going children. These are direct beneficiaries from the project in terms of
using the learning opportunities created. Nonetheless, an average of 2,500 rural
households dwelling in the villages around the beneficiary primary school will
also be indirect beneficiaries, who are expected, be impacted in terms of having
their livelihoods improved.
7 .   P r o j e c t D e s c r i p ti o n   a n d M a j o r A c ti v i ti e s
The activities of this project are procurement and supply of school furniture to
beneficiary schools, construct dry latrine facilities and establish shallow
waterwall facilities in the schools. The procurement of the school furniture and
the construction of the dry pit latrine facilities shall be accomplished as per the
 
 7standards and specification of the Ministry of Education. The water wells will
be dug and the distribution points will be established following the formal
bidding procedures of TDA and in consultation with the respective school
communities. To accomplish this task, TDA will pursue formal bidding separately
for the three activities. Continuous supervision and follow up is also another very
important activity. TDA in strong collaboration with the respective Wereda
Education Offices and School Administrations will be responsible for the
monitoring of the implementation of the project activities. In accordance with
the reporting terms of the project agreement to be signed between TDA and the
donor, TDA will send regular status report and final/completion report to the
donor.
8. Project Outputs
• Schools furnished with the necessary student desks and other school
furniture
 
•Dry latrine facilities with four pits constructed
•Dry latrine facilities segregated for girls constructed
• Functional potable water distribution points established
9. Expected project outcomes
• Conducive environment for teaching learning process created
• Access, equity and quality of education improved

10. Project cost

The
cost summary
 for one school is as follows
SN Type of facility Cost for ones c h o o l i n B i r r Cost for
oneschool in USD
1   S c h o o l   f u r n i t u r e   8 3 , 3 0
0 6 , 6 6 4 2   D r y   p i t   l a t r i n e  
8 0 , 9 7 6 6 , 4 7 8 3   S e g r e g a t e d   t
o i l e t   f o r   g i r l s   8 0 , 7 9 6 6 , 4 7 8 4   S
h a l l o w   w e l l   p o t a b l e   w a t e r   f a c i l i
t y   9 0 , 0 0 0 7 , 2 0 0 5   T o t a l   f o r   o n e  
s c h o o l   3 3 4 , 8 9 2 2 6 , 8 2 0